Effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 456-466

  Kimbrel, Nathan A ^a,b,c   Morissette, Sandra B ^d,e,f   Meyer, Eric C ^d,e,f   Chrestman, Roberta ^d,e   Jamroz, Robert ^f,g   Silvia, Paul J ^h   Beckham, Jean C ^a,b,c   Young, Keith A ^d,e,f  

^a DURHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b and Clinical Center ^*  (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans   (United States)

^e VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f TEXAS A AND M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^g Central Texas Veterans Health Administration   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT GREENSBORO   (United States)

Author keywords

5 HTTLPR; anxiety; depression; PTSD; serotonin transporter; stress; trauma

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; HOMOZYGOTE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; VETERAN; WAR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AFGHAN CAMPAIGN 2001-; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HOMOZYGOTE; HUMANS; IRAQ WAR, 2003-2011; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; QUALITY OF LIFE; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; VETERANS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84929025578     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.973862     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of beck depression inventories–IA and –II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
2. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
3. Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behavior Research & Therapy, 34, 669–673. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00033-2
4. Bryant, R. A., Felmingham, K. L., Falconer, E. M., Pe Benito, L., Dobson-Stone, C., Pierce, K. D., & Schofield, P. R. (2010). Preliminary evidence of the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene predicting poor response to cognitive behavior therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 1217–1219. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.016
5. Burckhardt, C. S., & Anderson, K. L. (2003). The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS): Reliability, validity, and utilization. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 60–67. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-60
6. Burckhardt, C. S., Woods, S. L., Schultz, A. A., & Ziebarth, D. M. (1989). Quality of life of adults with chronic illness: A psychometric study. Research in Nursing & Health, 12, 347–354. doi:10.1002/nur.4770120604
7. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316
8. Grabe, H., Spitzer, C., Schwann, C., Marcinek, A., Frahnow, A., Barnow, S., …Rooskopf, D. (2009). Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(8), 926–933. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101542
9. Gressier, F., Calati, R., Balestri, M., Marsano, A., Alberti, S., Antypa, N., & Serretti, A. (2013). The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 645–653. doi:10.1002/jts.21855
10. Hariri, A. R., Mattay, V. S., Tessitore, A., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D., & Weinberger, D. R. (2002). Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science, 297, 400–403. doi:10.1126/science.1071829
11. Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Coffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13–22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040603
12. Hu, X., Oroszi, G., Chun, J., Smith, T. L., Goldman, D., & Schuckit, M. A. (2005). An expanded evaluation of the relationship of four alleles to the level of response to alcohol and the alcoholism risk. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 8–16. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000150008.68473.62
13. Kimbrel, N. A., Calhoun, P. S., Elbogen, E. B., Brancu, M., VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, & Beckham, J. C. (in press). The factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and its relationship to violence, incarceration, suicide attempts, and suicidality. Psychiatry Research. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.064
14. Koenen, K. C., Fu, Q. J., Ertel, K., Lyons, M. J., Eisen, S. A., True, W. R., …Tsuang, M. T. (2008). Common genetic liability to major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in men. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105, 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.04.021
15. Lesch, K. P., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S. Z., Greenberg, B. D., Petri, S., …Murphy, D. L. (1996). Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science, 274, 1527–1531. doi:10.1126/science.274.5292.1527
16. Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
17. Miller, M. W., Fogler, J. M., Wolf, E. J., Kaloupek, D. G., Keane, T. M. (2008). The internalizing and externalizing structure of psychiatric comorbidity in combat veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(1), 58–65. doi:10.1002/jts.20303
18. Mushtaq, D., Ali, A., Margoob, M. A., Murtaza, I., & Andrade, C. (2012). Association between serotonin transporter gene promoter-region polymorphism and 4- and 12-week treatment response to sertraline in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 955–962. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.033
19. Pittman, J. O. E., Goldsmith, A. A., Lemmer, J. A., Kilmer, M. T., & Baker, D. G. (2012). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and health-related quality of life in OEF/OIF veterans. Quality of Life Research, 21, 99–103. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9918-3
20. Sangkuhl, K., Klein, T., & Altman, R. (2009). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) pathway. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 19, 907–909. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e32833132cb
21. Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., …Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 22–33.
22. Smith, T. C., Ryan, M. A. K., Wingard, D. L., Slymen, D. J., Sallis, J. F., & Kritz-Silverstein, D. (2008). New onset and persistent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder self-reported after deployment and combat exposures: Prospective population based US military cohort study. British Medical Journal, 336, 366–371. doi:10.1136/bmj.39430.638241
23. True, W. R., Rice, J., Eisen, S. A., Heath, A. C., Goldberg, J., Lyons, M. J., & Nowak, J. (1993). A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 257–264. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160019002
24. Tsai, H. C., Yeh, T. L., Hsieh, M. H., Lee, I. H., Chen, K. C., Chen, P. S., …Yao, W. J. (2009). Association between serotonin transporter availability and overall rating scores of quality of life in healthy volunteers. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 33, 711–714. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.03.018
25. Walsh, K., Uddin, M., Soliven, R., Wildman, D. E., Bradley, B. (2014). Associations between the SS variant of 5-HTTLPR and PTSD among adults with histories of childhood emotional abuse: Results from two African American independent samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 161, 91–96. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.043
26. Wang, Z., Baker, D. G., Harrer, J., Hamner, M., Price, M., & Amstadter, A. (2011). The relationship between combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder and the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism. Depression & Anxiety, 28, 1067–1073. doi:10.1002/da.20872
27. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993, October). The PTSD Checklist: Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX.
28. Wendland, J., Kruse, M., & Murphy, D. (2006). Functional SLITRK1 var321, varCDfs and SLC6A4 G56A variants and susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 802–804. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001848
29. Young, K. A., Bonkale, W., Holcomb, L. A., Hicks, P. B., & German, D. C. (2008). Major depression, 5HTTLPR genotype, suicide and antidepressant influence on thalamic volume. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 285–289. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039180