메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-239

The politics of quasi-government: Hybrid organizations and the dynamics of bureaucratic control

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84928858682     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511490989     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (204)

References (357)
  • 1
    • 84928837821 scopus 로고
    • Mandates or mandarins: Control and discretion in the modern administrative state
    • Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman. 1988. “Mandates or mandarins: control and discretion in the modern administrative state.” Public Administration Review, 48 (2): 606–612.
    • (1988) Public Administration Review , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 606-612
    • Aberbach, J.D.1    Rockman, B.A.2
  • 2
    • 84928853474 scopus 로고
    • The big business of pacs
    • February 8
    • Abramowitz, Michael. 1988. “The big business of PACs.” The Washington Post. February 8: E1.
    • (1988) The Washington Post , pp. 1
    • Abramowitz, M.1
  • 3
    • 84928870186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D’amato vows to halt exim funds for gazprom
    • October 23
    • Abruzzese, Leo. 1997. “D’Amato vows to halt ExIm funds for Gazprom.” Journal of Commerce. October 23: 2A.
    • (1997) Journal of Commerce , pp. 2
    • Abruzzese, L.1
  • 5
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albanian-American Enterprise Fund. 1998. Annual Report.
    • (1998) Annual Report
  • 6
    • 0000589044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production, information costs, and economic organization
    • Alchian, Armen, and Harold Demsetz. 1972. “Production, information costs, and economic organization.” American Economic Review, 62: 777–795.
    • American Economic Review , vol.62 , pp. 777-795
    • Alchian, A.1    Demsetz, H.2
  • 7
  • 9
    • 0002982288 scopus 로고
    • The economics of agency
    • John W. Pratt and Richard J. Zeckhauser (eds.), Boston: Harvard Business School Press
    • Arrow, Kenneth J. 1985. “The economics of agency.” In John W. Pratt and Richard J. Zeckhauser (eds.), Principals and agents: the structure of business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
    • (1985) Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business
    • Arrow, K.J.1
  • 12
    • 84928855541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial trade groups urge congress to halt gse ‘mission creep’
    • July 24
    • Bailey, Dawn. 2000. “Financial trade groups urge Congress to halt GSE ‘mission creep’.” American Banker-Bond Buyer. July 24. 24 (44): 8.
    • (2000) American Banker-Bond Buyer , vol.24 , Issue.44 , pp. 8
    • Bailey, D.1
  • 13
    • 8844224140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political and organizational determinants of bureaucratic responsiveness
    • Balla, Steven. 2000. “Political and organizational determinants of bureaucratic responsiveness.” American Politics Quarterly, 28 (2): 163–193.
    • (2000) American Politics Quarterly , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-193
    • Balla, S.1
  • 14
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baltic-American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 16
    • 84933490867 scopus 로고
    • The political control of bureaucracies under asymmetric information
    • Banks, Jeffrey S., and Barry R. Weingast. 1992. “The political control of bureaucracies under asymmetric information.” American Journal of Political Science, 36 (2): 509–524.
    • (1992) American Journal of Political Science , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 509-524
    • Banks, J.S.1    Weingast, B.R.2
  • 18
    • 84928862990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why big lenders are so frightened by fannie and freddie
    • April 5
    • Barta, Patrick. 2001. “Why big lenders are so frightened by Fannie and Freddie.” The Wall Street Journal. April 5: A1.
    • (2001) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 1
    • Barta, P.1
  • 19
    • 84974355898 scopus 로고
    • Political control versus expertise: Congressional choices about administrative procedures
    • Bawn, Kathleen. 1995. “Political control versus expertise: congressional choices about administrative procedures.” American Political Science Review, 89 (1): 62–73.
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-73
    • Bawn, K.1
  • 20
    • 0031518209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing strategies to control the bureaucracy: Statutory constraints, oversight and the committee system
    • Bawn, Kathleen. 1997. “Choosing strategies to control the bureaucracy: statutory constraints, oversight and the committee system.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 13 (1): 101–128.
    • (1997) Journal of Law, Economics and Organization , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-128
    • Bawn, K.1
  • 21
    • 84928862360 scopus 로고
    • Environment of competition – us industry gets boost from clinton to compete globally
    • November 26
    • Beamish, Rita, and Polly Lane. 1993. “Environment of competition – US industry gets boost from Clinton to compete globally.” The Seattle Times. November 26: E1.
    • (1993) The Seattle Times , pp. 1
    • Beamish, R.1    Lane, P.2
  • 22
    • 0000358092 scopus 로고
    • Presidential influence on the federal reserve in the 1970s
    • Beck, Nathaniel. 1982. “Presidential influence on the Federal Reserve in the 1970s.” American Journal of Political Science, 26 (3): 415–443.
    • (1982) American Journal of Political Science , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-443
    • Beck, N.1
  • 24
    • 84974239004 scopus 로고
    • Review article: Formal models of bureaucracy
    • Bendor, Jonathan. 1988. “Review article: formal models of bureaucracy.” British Journal of Political Science, 18: 353–395.
    • (1988) British Journal of Political Science , vol.18 , pp. 353-395
    • Bendor, J.1
  • 26
    • 84928870189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Under pressures, fannie doubles pledge to underserved
    • March 16: Mortgages 8
    • Bergquist, Erick. 2000. “Under pressures, Fannie doubles pledge to underserved.” American Banker. March 16: Mortgages 8.
    • (2000) American Banker
    • Bergquist, E.1
  • 29
    • 9744229700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • House coalition deals blowto overseas insurer opic
    • Final edn. September 12
    • Blustein, Paul. 1996. “House coalition deals blowto overseas insurer OPIC.” The Washington Post. Final edn. September 12: D11.
    • (1996) The Washington Post , pp. 11
    • Blustein, P.1
  • 31
    • 26544447369 scopus 로고
    • Vote near on regulation of fannie and freddie
    • June 30
    • Bradsher, Keith. 1992. “Vote near on regulation of Fannie and Freddie.” The New York Times. June 30: D2.
    • (1992) The New York Times , pp. 2
    • Bradsher, K.1
  • 32
    • 84928856725 scopus 로고
    • Administration plans new export initiative
    • September 27
    • Bradsher, Keith. 1993. “Administration plans new export initiative.” The New York Times. September 27: D1.
    • (1993) The New York Times , pp. 1
    • Bradsher, K.1
  • 33
    • 84928870190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Us missteps wasted investments in central asian economies, critic say
    • September 1: Section A6., ∗
    • Brauer, Birgit. 2001. “US missteps wasted investments in Central Asian economies, critic say.” The New York Times. September 1: Section A6.∗
    • (2001) The New York Times
    • Brauer, B.1
  • 35
    • 0004266101 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Breyer, Stephen. 1982. Regulation and its reform. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1982) Regulation and Its Reform
    • Breyer, S.1
  • 36
    • 4644326905 scopus 로고
    • The executive branch and the independent regulatory agencies
    • Brigman, William. 1981. “The executive branch and the independent regulatory agencies.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, 11 (2): 244–261.
    • (1981) Presidential Studies Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-261
    • Brigman, W.1
  • 38
    • 84928852981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political and rate risks cited in fannie, freddie plunge
    • January 13
    • Brockman, Joshua. 1999a. “Political and rate risks cited in Fannie, Freddie plunge.” American Banker. January 13: 6.
    • (1999) American Banker , pp. 6
    • Brockman, J.1
  • 39
    • 84928852363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed capital rule irks fannie mae
    • March 29, ∗
    • Brockman, Joshua. 1999b. “Proposed capital rule irks Fannie Mae.” American Banker. March 29: 32.∗
    • (1999) American Banker , pp. 32
    • Brockman, J.1
  • 40
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulgarian-American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 41
    • 33544470238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, Working Paper, no. HF-005
    • Bunce, Harold L., and Randall M. Scheessele. 1998. The GSEs’ funding of affordable loans: a 1996 update. US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, Working Paper, no. HF-005.
    • (1998) The GSEs’ Funding of Affordable Loans: A 1996 Update
    • Bunce, H.L.1    Scheessele, R.M.2
  • 42
    • 0346977221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A probe not taken: Congress take a look at opic’s taxpayer-backed sweetheart deals. we did
    • July
    • Burstein, Rachel, and Janice C. Shields. 1997. “A probe not taken: Congress take a look at OPIC’s taxpayer-backed sweetheart deals. We did.” Mother Jones. July: 44.
    • (1997) Mother Jones , pp. 44
    • Burstein, R.1    Shields, J.C.2
  • 43
    • 84928870191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are fannie and freddie ‘optimal mechanisms’?
    • Peter J. Wallison (ed.), 2000, Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press
    • Calomiris, Charles W. 1999. “Are Fannie and Freddie ‘optimal mechanisms’?” In Peter J. Wallison (ed.), 2000, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Vol. II: Prospects for controlling growth and expansion. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press.
    • (1999) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Vol. II: Prospects for Controlling Growth and Expansion
    • Calomiris, C.W.1
  • 45
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Asian American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 47
    • 84928863140 scopus 로고
    • Q: Is it time to close the commerce department? yes: Taxpayers and exporters will be the winners of a dismantling plan
    • Final edn. November 20
    • Chrysler, Dick. 1995. “Q: is it time to close the Commerce Department? Yes: taxpayers and exporters will be the winners of a dismantling plan.” Insight on the News. Final edn. November 20: 18.
    • (1995) Insight on the News , pp. 18
    • Chrysler, D.1
  • 48
    • 84928860318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labs rush to put genome in public domain to prevent gene patents
    • February 2
    • Clark, Cheryl. 2000. “Labs rush to put genome in public domain to prevent gene patents.” The San Diego Union-Tribune. February 2: E6.∗
    • (2000) The San Diego Union-Tribune , pp. 6
    • Clark, C.1
  • 49
    • 84928870192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofheo urged to move ahead on rbc
    • May 17
    • Collins, Brian. 1999. “OFHEO urged to move ahead on RBC.” National Mortgage News. May 17.
    • (1999) National Mortgage News
    • Collins, B.1
  • 50
    • 84928855890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After eight years, rbc green light
    • July 23
    • Collins, Brian. 2001. “After eight years, RBC green light.” American Banker-Bond Buyer. July 23. 25 (42): 1.
    • (2001) American Banker-Bond Buyer , vol.25 , Issue.42 , pp. 1
    • Collins, B.1
  • 53
    • 84928870193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gore opposes fec choice; candidate splits with clinton on gop member
    • February 17., ∗
    • Connolly, Ceci, and Mike Allen. 2000. “Gore opposes FEC choice; candidate splits with Clinton on GOP member.” The Washington Post. February 17.∗
    • (2000) The Washington Post
    • Connolly, C.1    Allen, M.2
  • 54
    • 4243382080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulator, seeking new rules, says fannie mae needs risk-based capital
    • March 29
    • Connor, John. 1999. “Regulator, seeking new rules, says Fannie Mae needs risk-based capital.” The Wall Street Journal. March 29: B7E.
    • (1999) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 7
    • Connor, J.1
  • 55
    • 84928855341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cbo director’s letter blasts fannie mae for attack on study of federal subsidies
    • July 6
    • Connor, John. 2001. “CBO director’s letter blasts Fannie Mae for attack on study of federal subsidies.” The Wall Street Journal. July 6: A2.
    • (2001) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 2
    • Connor, J.1
  • 56
    • 84928863005 scopus 로고
    • Cisneros: Fha needs help
    • January 18
    • Cornwell, Ted. 1993. “Cisneros: FHA needs help.” National Mortgage News. January 18: 1.
    • (1993) National Mortgage News , pp. 1
    • Cornwell, T.1
  • 57
    • 0005231993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of the federal national mortgage association and the federal home loan mortgage corporation on conventional fixed-rate mortgage yields
    • Washington: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
    • Cotterman, Robert F., and James E. Pearce. 1996. “The effects of the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation on conventional fixed-rate mortgage yields.” In Studies on privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Washington: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.
    • (1996) Studies on Privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    • Cotterman, R.F.1    Pearce, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 84928870194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bipartisan call in congress for scrutiny of farmer mac
    • June 27., ∗
    • Cowan, Alison Leigh. 2002. “A bipartisan call in Congress for scrutiny of Farmer Mac.” The New York Times. June 27.∗
    • (2002) The New York Times
    • Cowan, A.L.1
  • 60
    • 84928862091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sallie mae management ousted; shareholder group wins proxy fight; federal charter to end
    • August 1, ∗
    • Crenshaw, Albert B. 1997. “Sallie Mae management ousted; shareholder group wins proxy fight; federal charter to end.” The Washington Post. August 1: G01.∗
    • (1997) The Washington Post , pp. 01
    • Crenshaw, A.B.1
  • 61
    • 84928870195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Now who will speak for american capitalism in the administration?
    • April 7., ∗
    • Crutsinger, Martin. 1996. “Now who will speak for American capitalism in the administration?” The Associated Press. April 7.∗
    • (1996) The Associated Press
    • Crutsinger, M.1
  • 63
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Czech and Slovak American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 64
    • 0009183107 scopus 로고
    • The concept of power
    • Dahl, Robert. 1957. “The concept of power.” Behavioral Science, 2: 201–215.
    • (1957) Behavioral Science , vol.2 , pp. 201-215
    • Dahl, R.1
  • 65
    • 84928870196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see Development Alternatives, Inc
    • DAI, see Development Alternatives, Inc.
  • 66
    • 4244022352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hud proposes an increase in low-income loans
    • July 3
    • Day, Kathleen. 1999.“HUD proposes an increase in low-income loans.” The Washington Post. July 3: E3.
    • (1999) The Washington Post , pp. 3
    • Day, K.1
  • 67
    • 33749964513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hud says mortgage policies hurt blacks; home loan giants cited
    • March 2
    • Day, Kathleen. 2000a. “HUD says mortgage policies hurt blacks; home loan giants cited.” The Washington Post. March 2: A1.∗
    • (2000) The Washington Post , pp. 1
    • Day, K.1
  • 68
    • 33749964513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fannie mae chief defends record
    • March 3
    • Day, Kathleen. 2000b. “Fannie Mae chief defends record.” The Washington Post. March 3: E1.
    • (2000) The Washington Post , pp. 1
    • Day, K.1
  • 70
    • 0027765056 scopus 로고
    • The economic environment and public enterprise behaviour: Belgian railroads, 1950–86
    • DeBorger, Bruno. 1993. “The economic environment and public enterprise behaviour: Belgian railroads, 1950–86.” Economica, 60 (240): 443–463.
    • (1993) Economica , vol.60 , Issue.240 , pp. 443-463
    • DeBorger, B.1
  • 71
    • 85034547930 scopus 로고
    • Hungarian funds suffer from washington politics: A look at the background to congressional censure of an enterprise fund whose independence was seen to be excessive
    • (London). August 11
    • Denton, Nicholas. 1993. “Hungarian funds suffer from Washington politics: a look at the background to congressional censure of an Enterprise Fund whose independence was seen to be excessive.” Financial Times (London). August 11: 2
    • (1993) Financial Times , pp. 2
    • Denton, N.1
  • 73
    • 84963026919 scopus 로고
    • Principled agents: The cultural bases of behavior in a federal government bureaucracy
    • DiIulio, John D., Jr. 1994. “Principled agents: the cultural bases of behavior in a federal government bureaucracy.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 4 (3): 277–318.
    • (1994) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-318
    • DiIulio, J.D.1
  • 74
    • 33645693589 scopus 로고
    • Government corporations; a focus of policy and administration, i
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Dimock, Marshall E. 1949. “Government corporations; a focus of policy and administration, I.” American Political Science Review, 43 (5): 899–921. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.jstor.org/.
    • (1949) American Political Science Review , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 899-921
    • Dimock, M.E.1
  • 76
    • 84928870199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • House refuses to re-authorize trade promotion agencies
    • September 14
    • Doherty, Carol J. 1996. “House refuses to re-authorize trade promotion agencies.” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. September 14: 2,584.
    • (1996) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report , pp. 2,584
    • Doherty, C.J.1
  • 77
    • 34248252973 scopus 로고
    • Expertise, politics, and technological change: The search for mission at the port of new york authority
    • Doig, Jameson W. 1993. “Expertise, politics, and technological change: the search for mission at the Port of New York Authority.” Journal of the American Planning Association, 59 (1): 31–44.
    • (1993) Journal of the American Planning Association , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-44
    • Doig, J.W.1
  • 80
    • 84928870200 scopus 로고
    • June 17
    • Economist, The [London]. 1989. “Hey Mac, spare a dollar?” June 17: 91.
    • (1989) Hey Mac, Spare a Dollar? , pp. 91
  • 81
    • 84930559140 scopus 로고
    • Presidential control versus bureaucratic power: Explaining the reagan revolution in antitrust
    • Eisner, Marc Allen, and Kenneth J.Meier. 1990. “Presidential control versus bureaucratic power: explaining the Reagan revolution in antitrust.” American Journal of Political Science, 34: 269–287.
    • (1990) American Journal of Political Science , vol.34 , pp. 269-287
    • Eisner, M.A.1    Kenneth, J.2
  • 83
    • 84928870202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data provided to the author
    • Environmental Business Journal. 2002. Data provided to the author.
    • (2002)
  • 84
    • 59349091367 scopus 로고
    • Administrative procedures, information, and agency discretion
    • Epstein, David, and Sharyn O’Halloran. 1994. “Administrative procedures, information, and agency discretion.” American Journal of Political Science, 38 (3): 697–722.
    • (1994) American Journal of Political Science , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 697-722
    • Epstein, D.1    O’Halloran, S.2
  • 85
    • 0030306374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divided government and the design of administrative procedures: A formal model and empirical test
    • Epstein, David, and Sharyn O’Halloran. 1996. “Divided government and the design of administrative procedures: a formal model and empirical test.” Journal of Politics, 58 (2): 373–377.
    • (1996) Journal of Politics , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-377
    • Epstein, D.1    O’Halloran, S.2
  • 86
    • 84928863403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hud pushes for affordable lending
    • March 3. Business & Technology
    • Feigenbaum, Randi. 2000. “HUD pushes for affordable lending.” Newsday. March 3. Business & Technology: A48.
    • (2000) Newsday , pp. 48
    • Feigenbaum, R.1
  • 88
    • 0042269385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating and managing the federal subsidy of fannie mae and freddie mac: Is either task possible?
    • Feldman, Ron. 1999. “Estimating and managing the federal subsidy of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: is either task possible?” Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management 11 (1): 81–116.
    • (1999) Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-116
    • Feldman, R.1
  • 91
  • 92
    • 84928862173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In brief: Mortgage bankers back gse exemptions
    • May 10
    • Fernandez, Tommy. 2002a. “In brief: mortgage bankers back GSE exemptions.” American Banker. May 10: 20.
    • (2002) American Banker , pp. 20
    • Fernandez, T.1
  • 93
    • 84928870206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mba split on gse legislation a size matter
    • May 13., ∗
    • Fernandez, Tommy. 2002b. “MBA split on GSE legislation a size matter.” American Banker. May 13.∗
    • (2002) American Banker
    • Fernandez, T.1
  • 94
    • 0001324603 scopus 로고
    • Administrative responsibility in democratic government
    • Finer, Herman. 1940. “Administrative responsibility in democratic government.” Public Administration Review, 1: 335–350.
    • (1940) Public Administration Review , vol.1 , pp. 335-350
    • Finer, H.1
  • 95
    • 0041712562 scopus 로고
    • International Labor Office, Studies and Reports, Series B (Economic Conditions), no. 37
    • Finer, Herman. 1944. The TVA: lessons for international application. International Labor Office, Studies and Reports, Series B (Economic Conditions), no. 37.
    • (1944) The TVA: Lessons for International Application
    • Finer, H.1
  • 96
    • 0011136036 scopus 로고
    • Congressional control of the bureaucracy: A mismatch of incentives and capabilities
    • Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer (eds.), 2nd edn. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press
    • Fiorina, Morris. 1981. “Congressional control of the bureaucracy: a mismatch of incentives and capabilities.” In Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer (eds.), Congress reconsidered. 2nd edn. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press.
    • (1981) Congress Reconsidered
    • Fiorina, M.1
  • 98
    • 84928859552 scopus 로고
    • Production and price policy in public enterprise
    • New Series, Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Fleming, Marcus. 1950. “Production and price policy in public enterprise.” Economica. New Series, 17 (65): 1–22. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //links.jstor.org/.
    • (1950) Economica , vol.17 , Issue.65 , pp. 1-22
    • Fleming, M.1
  • 99
    • 0007349083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting the scene: Quangos in context
    • Matthew V. Flinders and Martin J. Smith (eds.), New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc
    • Flinders, Matthew V. 1999. “Setting the scene: quangos in context.” In Matthew V. Flinders and Martin J. Smith (eds.), Quangos, accountability and reform. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc.
    • (1999) Quangos, Accountability and Reform
    • Flinders, M.V.1
  • 100
    • 84928852103 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficiency of public and private enterprise in britain: Electricity generation between the world wars
    • Supplement: Conference Papers, Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Foreman-Peck, James, and Michael Waterson. 1985. “The comparative efficiency of public and private enterprise in Britain: electricity generation between the world wars.” The Economic Journal, 95. Supplement: Conference Papers: 109–123. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //www.jstor.org/.
    • (1985) The Economic Journal , vol.95 , pp. 109-123
    • Foreman-Peck, J.1    Waterson, M.2
  • 101
    • 84928870208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Fortune [magazine online]. 2002. “The 1999 Fortune 500.” Available on the World Wide Web at http: //www.pathfinder.com/fortune/fortune500/search.html.
    • (2002) The 1999 Fortune 500
  • 105
    • 0002839394 scopus 로고
    • Public policy and the nature of administrative responsibility
    • Friedrich, Carl J. 1940. “Public policy and the nature of administrative responsibility.” Public Policy, 1: 3–24.
    • (1940) Public Policy , vol.1 , pp. 3-24
    • Friedrich, C.J.1
  • 106
    • 84928870209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic document. Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Froomkin, A. Michael. 1996. Reinventing the government corporation. Electronic document. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.law.miami.edu/∼froomkin/articles/reinvest.htm.
    • (1996) Reinventing the Government Corporation
    • Froomkin, A.M.1
  • 107
    • 84928870210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see General Accounting Office
    • GAO, see General Accounting Office.
  • 109
    • 84928860452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hearing finds scant interest in changing regulation of gses
    • May 9
    • Garver, Rob. 2001. “Hearing finds scant interest in changing regulation of GSEs.” American Banker. May 9: 6.
    • (2001) American Banker , pp. 6
    • Garver, R.1
  • 110
    • 84928863402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In brief: Ofheo releases governance rule for fannie, freddie
    • June 4, ∗
    • Garver, Rob. 2002. “In brief: OFHEO releases governance rule for Fannie, Freddie.” American Banker. June 4: 4.∗
    • (2002) American Banker , pp. 4
    • Garver, R.1
  • 116
    • 84928855476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The federal regulator of fannie mae and freddie mac, the two biggest mortgage finance companies, said yesterday that it would conduct a comprehensive review of their financial disclosures
    • April 9
    • Gilpin, Kenneth N. 2002. “The federal regulator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two biggest mortgage finance companies, said yesterday that it would conduct a comprehensive review of their financial disclosures.” The New York Times. April 9: C3.
    • (2002) The New York Times , pp. 3
    • Gilpin, K.N.1
  • 117
    • 0039626277 scopus 로고
    • Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: Bureaucratic responses to presidential control during the reaganadministration
    • Golden, Marissa Martino. 1992. “Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: bureaucratic responses to presidential control during the Reagan Administration.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2 (1).
    • (1992) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.2 , Issue.1
    • Golden, M.M.1
  • 119
    • 5544308151 scopus 로고
    • The virginia system of mixed enterprise
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Goodrich, Carter. 1949. “The Virginia system of mixed enterprise.” Political Science Quarterly, 64 (3): 355–387. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //links.jstor.org/.
    • (1949) Political Science Quarterly , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-387
    • Goodrich, C.1
  • 120
    • 84928861978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defying pressure over iran deal, russians spurn us loan pact
    • Late edn. – final. December 18
    • Gordon, Michael R. 1997. “Defying pressure over Iran deal, Russians spurn US loan pact.” The New York Times. Late edn. – final. December 18: A5.
    • (1997) The New York Times , pp. 5
    • Gordon, M.R.1
  • 122
  • 123
    • 84977375204 scopus 로고
    • Using knowledge for control of fragmented policy areas
    • Gruber, Judith E., and Janet A.Weiss. 1984. “Using knowledge for control of fragmented policy areas.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 3: 225–247.
    • (1984) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.3 , pp. 225-247
    • Gruber, J.E.1    Janet, A.2
  • 124
    • 84928852184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bill to conglomerate regulatory agencies facing a tough fight
    • March 13
    • Guerrero, Kevin. 2000. “Bill to conglomerate regulatory agencies facing a tough fight.” American Banker. March 13: 4.
    • (2000) American Banker , pp. 4
    • Guerrero, K.1
  • 125
    • 34248638566 scopus 로고
    • Special municipal corporation
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Guild, Frederic H. 1920. “Special municipal corporation.” American Political Science Review, 14 (2): 286–291. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //www.jstor.org/.
    • (1920) American Political Science Review , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 286-291
    • Guild, F.H.1
  • 126
    • 84928854826 scopus 로고
    • Reagan signs farm credit system bill; hope federal bailout won’t be needed
    • December 24, ∗
    • Gulino, Denis G. 1985. “Reagan signs farm credit system bill; hope federal bailout won’t be needed.” The Bond Buyer. December 24: 3.∗
    • (1985) The Bond Buyer , pp. 3
    • Gulino, D.G.1
  • 128
    • 0030533719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who controls the bureaucracy? Presidential power, congressional dominance, legal constraints and bureaucratic autonomy in a model of multi-institutional policymaking
    • Hammond, Thomas H., and Jack H.Knott. 1996. “Who controls the bureaucracy? Presidential power, congressional dominance, legal constraints and bureaucratic autonomy in a model of multi-institutional policymaking.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 12 (1): 119–165.
    • (1996) Journal of Law, Economics and Organization , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-165
    • Hammond, T.H.1    Jack, H.2
  • 130
    • 12344295944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State posts drop in births to single women; welfare: California leads the us in reducing unwed motherhood, which is linked to dependence on aid
    • Home edn. September 14
    • Healy, Melissa. 1999. “State posts drop in births to single women; welfare: California leads the US in reducing unwed motherhood, which is linked to dependence on aid.” The Los Angeles Times. Home edn. September 14: A3.
    • (1999) The Los Angeles Times , pp. 3
    • Healy, M.1
  • 131
    • 0003416379 scopus 로고
    • Washington: Brookings Institution Press
    • Heclo, Hugh. 1977. Government of strangers. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1977) Government of Strangers
    • Heclo, H.1
  • 132
    • 0002946809 scopus 로고
    • Issue networks and the executive establishment
    • Anthony King (ed.), Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press
    • Heclo, Hugh. 1978. “Issue networks and the executive establishment.” In Anthony King (ed.), The new American political system. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press.
    • (1978) The New American Political System
    • Heclo, H.1
  • 133
    • 84928862814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rep. Baker to scale back gse overhaul legislation
    • March 29
    • Heller, Michele. 2001. “Rep. Baker to scale back GSE overhaul legislation.” American Banker. March 29: 1.
    • (2001) American Banker , pp. 1
    • Heller, M.1
  • 134
    • 0347608124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital investments: Opic’s politically connected investors can’t lose as us taxpayers shoulder the risks
    • January 15
    • Hendrie, Paul. 1998. “Capital investments: OPIC’s politically connected investors can’t lose as US taxpayers shoulder the risks.” Capital Eye. January 15: 1.
    • (1998) Capital Eye , pp. 1
    • Hendrie, P.1
  • 136
    • 84928870211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-q-tel, investing in intrigue; cia unit scours country for useful technologies
    • July 1., ∗
    • Henry, Shannon. 2002. “In-Q-Tel, investing in intrigue; CIA unit scours country for useful technologies”. The Washington Post. July 1.∗
    • (2002) The Washington Post
    • Henry, S.1
  • 137
    • 0000257337 scopus 로고
    • Constraining administrative decisions: A critical examination of the structure and process hypothesis
    • Hill, Jeffrey S., and James E. Brazier. 1991. “Constraining administrative decisions: a critical examination of the structure and process hypothesis.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 7 (2): 373–400.
    • (1991) Journal of Law, Economics and Organization , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-400
    • Hill, J.S.1    Brazier, J.E.2
  • 138
    • 0011366780 scopus 로고
    • Who governs the american administrative state: A bureaucratic-centered image of governance
    • Hill, L. B. 1991. “Who governs the American administrative state: a bureaucratic-centered image of governance.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 1: 261–294.
    • (1991) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.1 , pp. 261-294
    • Hill, L.B.1
  • 140
    • 84928859450 scopus 로고
    • Senate votes economic sanctions against china
    • January 31
    • Holmes, Steven A. 1990. “Senate votes economic sanctions against China.” The New York Times. January 31: A8.
    • (1990) The New York Times , pp. 8
    • Holmes, S.A.1
  • 141
    • 0000508965 scopus 로고
    • Symposium on the law and economics of bargaining: Commentary on ‘administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies’: Administrative process and organizational form as legislative responses to agency costs
    • Horn, Murray J., and Kenneth A. Shepsle. 1989. “Symposium on the law and economics of bargaining: commentary on ‘administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies’: administrative process and organizational form as legislative responses to agency costs.” Virginia Law Review, 75.∗
    • (1989) Virginia Law Review , vol.75
    • Horn, M.J.1    Shepsle, K.A.2
  • 144
    • 84928857041 scopus 로고
    • Overseas risk agency mistakes girth for growth
    • September 19
    • Howard, Frank. 1985. “Overseas risk agency mistakes girth for growth.” The Wall Street Journal. September 19: A1.
    • (1985) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 1
    • Howard, F.1
  • 146
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hungarian American Enterprise Fund. 1998. Annual Report.
    • (1998) Annual Report
  • 147
    • 84896223238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available on the World Wide Web at, see International Trade Administration
    • International trade Administration. 1999. Small and medium-sized exporting companies: a statistical profile. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/doos/SMEseminar.PDF.ITA, see International Trade Administration.
    • (1999) Small and Medium-Sized Exporting Companies: A Statistical Profile
  • 149
    • 84928861400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critics question fannie mae’s influence
    • July 17
    • Jacoby, Mary. 2000. “Critics question Fannie Mae’s influence.” The St Petersburg Times. July 17: A1.
    • (2000) The St Petersburg Times , pp. 1
    • Jacoby, M.1
  • 150
    • 84928870213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gse regulator wants more control over budget
    • January 28
    • Julavits, Robert. 2000. “GSE regulator wants more control over budget.” American Banker. January 28: 8.
    • (2000) American Banker , pp. 8
    • Julavits, R.1
  • 151
    • 84928853258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofheo’s momentum stalls as senator slams budget plan
    • March 27, ∗
    • Julavits, Robert. 2002. “OFHEO’s momentum stalls as Senator slams budget plan.” American Banker. March 27: 9.∗
    • (2002) American Banker , pp. 9
    • Julavits, R.1
  • 153
    • 84928870214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Housing finance gses: Who gets the subsidy?
    • Peter J.Wallison (ed.), 2000, Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press
    • Kane, Edward J. 1999. “Housing finance GSEs: who gets the subsidy?” In Peter J.Wallison (ed.), 2000, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Vol. II: Prospects for controlling growth and expansion. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press.
    • (1999) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Vol. II: Prospects for Controlling Growth and Expansion
    • Kane, E.J.1
  • 154
    • 0010215899 scopus 로고
    • Washington: Brookings Institution Press
    • Kaufman, Herbert. 1977. Red Tape. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1977) Red Tape
    • Kaufman, H.1
  • 155
    • 0010832502 scopus 로고
    • Professionalism and bureaucratic responsiveness: Conflict or compatibility?
    • Kearney, Richard C., and Chandan Sinha. 1988. “Professionalism and bureaucratic responsiveness: conflict or compatibility?” Public Administration Review, 48 (1): 571–579.
    • (1988) Public Administration Review , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 571-579
    • Kearney, R.C.1    Sinha, C.2
  • 158
    • 84937300465 scopus 로고
    • Reinventing a government corporation: Professional priorities and a clear bottomline
    • Khademian, Anne M.1995.“Reinventing a government corporation: professional priorities and a clear bottomline.” Public Administration Review, 55 (1): 17–28.
    • (1995) Public Administration Review , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Khademian, A.M.1
  • 159
    • 84928862101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freddie mac note sales rile banks
    • May 9
    • Kopecki, Dawn. 2002. “Freddie Mac note sales rile banks.” The Wall Street Journal. May 9: D2.
    • (2002) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 2
    • Kopecki, D.1
  • 160
    • 84928853613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Siblings fat and sassy
    • Kosterlitz, Julie. 2000a. “Siblings fat and sassy.” National Journal, 32 (10): 1,498–1,507.
    • (2000) National Journal , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 498-501
    • Kosterlitz, J.1
  • 161
    • 84928852895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beltway money yes, fannie pacs no
    • Kosterlitz, Julie. 2000b. “Beltway money yes, Fannie PACs no.” National Journal, 32 (20): 1,502.∗
    • (2000) National Journal , vol.32 , Issue.20 , pp. 1,502
    • Kosterlitz, J.1
  • 162
    • 84937306176 scopus 로고
    • Federal reserve policy decision making: Political and bureaucratic influences
    • Krause, George A. 1994. “Federal Reserve policy decision making: political and bureaucratic influences.” American Journal of Political Science, 38(1): 124–144.
    • (1994) American Journal of Political Science , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-144
    • Krause, G.A.1
  • 163
    • 0001291730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential use of executive orders
    • Krause, George A., and David B. Cohen. 1997. “Presidential use of executive orders.” American Politics Quarterly, 25 (4): 458–482.
    • (1997) American Politics Quarterly , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 458-482
    • Krause, G.A.1    Cohen, D.B.2
  • 165
    • 84928870215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How fannie mae beat effort by adversaries to rein it in
    • July 5. Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Kulish, Nicholas, and Jacob M. Schlesinger. 2001. “How Fannie Mae beat effort by adversaries to rein it in.” The Wall Street Journal. July 5. Available on the World Wide Web at http://interactive.wsj.com/.
    • (2001) The Wall Street Journal
    • Kulish, N.1    Schlesinger, J.M.2
  • 166
    • 84928870216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effort to curb fannie mae, freddie mac in congress will be watched closely
    • March 28
    • Kulish, Nicholas. 2001. “Effort to curb Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac in Congress will be watched closely.” The Wall Street Journal. March 28.
    • (2001) The Wall Street Journal
    • Kulish, N.1
  • 167
    • 0001925391 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models
    • Series 95, no. 24
    • Kupiec, Paul. 1995. “Techniques for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models.” Federal Reserve Board Finance and Economics Discussion, Series 95, no. 24.
    • (1995) Federal Reserve Board Finance and Economics Discussion
    • Kupiec, P.1
  • 168
    • 4243376040 scopus 로고
    • Power of the mortgage twins
    • November 12
    • Labaton, Stephen. 1991. “Power of the mortgage twins.” The New York Times. November 12: B2.
    • (1991) The New York Times , pp. 2
    • Labaton, S.1
  • 169
    • 84928858075 scopus 로고
    • Congress votes to ban exim bank china credits
    • November 24
    • Lawrence, Richard. 1989. “Congress votes to ban ExIm Bank China credits.” Journal of Commerce. November 24: 1A.
    • (1989) Journal of Commerce , pp. 1
    • Lawrence, R.1
  • 170
    • 84928859062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commerce secretary lauded as strong business advocate; export promotion effort praised
    • April 4, ∗
    • Lawrence, Richard. 1996. “Commerce Secretary lauded as strong business advocate; export promotion effort praised.” Journal of Commerce. April 4: 2A.∗
    • (1996) Journal of Commerce , pp. 2
    • Lawrence, R.1
  • 171
    • 84928852909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Export fund bill wins victory on capitol hill
    • June 27
    • Lawrence, Richard. 1997. “Export fund bill wins victory on Capitol Hill.” Journal of Commerce. June 27: 2A.
    • (1997) Journal of Commerce , pp. 2
    • Lawrence, R.1
  • 173
    • 84928858893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It’s alive! exim bank’s reprieve
    • Levine, Daniel S. “It’s alive! ExIm Bank’s reprieve.” World Trade, 11: 38–40.
    • World Trade , vol.11 , pp. 38-40
    • Levine, D.S.1
  • 174
    • 84971139376 scopus 로고
    • Can government regulate safety? The coal mine example
    • Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and John R. Alford. 1980. “Can government regulate safety? The coal mine example.” American Political Science Review, 74(3): 745–756.
    • (1980) American Political Science Review , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 745-756
    • Lewis-Beck, M.S.1    Alford, J.R.2
  • 175
    • 85055296358 scopus 로고
    • An end to the war on waste (Bureaucratic inefficiency)
    • Light, Paul. 1993. “An end to the war on waste (bureaucratic inefficiency).” Brookings Review, 11 (2): 48.
    • (1993) Brookings Review , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 48
    • Light, P.1
  • 177
    • 21344492346 scopus 로고
    • Managerial autonomy of state-owned enterprises: Determining factors
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Lioukas, S., D. Bourantas and V. Papadakis. 1993. “Managerial autonomy of state-owned enterprises: determining factors.” Organization Science, 4 (4): 645–666. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //www.jstor.org/.
    • (1993) Organization Science , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 645-666
    • Lioukas, S.1    Bourantas, D.2    Papadakis, V.3
  • 178
    • 84986782776 scopus 로고
    • Are government or private enterprises more likely to engage in dumping? Some international evidence
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Lott, John R., Jr. 1995. “Are government or private enterprises more likely to engage in dumping? Some international evidence.” Managerial and Decision Economics, 16 (3): 185–204. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //links.jstor.org/.
    • (1995) Managerial and Decision Economics , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-204
    • Lott, J.R.1
  • 179
    • 0035538486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governmental structure, trustee selection, and public university prices and spending: Multiple means to similar ends
    • Lott, John R., Jr. 2001. “Governmental structure, trustee selection, and public university prices and spending: multiple means to similar ends.” American Journal of Political Science, 45 (4): 845–861.
    • (2001) American Journal of Political Science , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 845-861
    • Lott, J.R.1
  • 180
    • 84928860043 scopus 로고
    • Us helps pay hungary’s chief of state industries
    • May 13
    • Maass, Peter. 1993a. “US helps pay Hungary’s chief of state industries.” The Washington Post. May 13: D11.
    • (1993) The Washington Post , pp. 11
    • Maass, P.1
  • 181
    • 4243471107 scopus 로고
    • Congressman charges aid effort goes awry; hungary enterprise fund pays fat salaries
    • July 29
    • Maass, Peter. 1993b. “Congressman charges aid effort goes awry; Hungary Enterprise Fund pays fat salaries.” The Washington Post. July 29: A15.
    • (1993) The Washington Post , pp. 15
    • Maass, P.1
  • 182
    • 0002091427 scopus 로고
    • Organizational design and political control of administrative agencies
    • Macey, Jonathan R. 1992. “Organizational design and political control of administrative agencies.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 8 (1): 93–125.
    • (1992) Journal of Law, Economics and Organization , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-125
    • Macey, J.R.1
  • 184
    • 0002672476 scopus 로고
    • The power of power
    • David Easton(ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • March, James G. 1966. “The power of power.” In David Easton(ed.), Varieties of political theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1966) Varieties of Political Theory
    • March, J.G.1
  • 185
    • 84928870218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cia to nurture companies dealing in high technology
    • September 29. Electronic document. [No longer the original address.]
    • Markoff, John. 1999. “CIA to nurture companies dealing in high technology.” New York Times on the Web. September 29. Electronic document. [No longer available at the original address.]
    • (1999) New York Times on the Web
    • Markoff, J.1
  • 186
    • 84937307307 scopus 로고
    • Improving the environment of agency rule-making: An essay on management, games and accountability
    • Mashaw, Jerry L. 1994. “Improving the environment of agency rule-making: an essay on management, games and accountability.” Law and Contemporary Problems, 57 (2): 185–257.
    • (1994) Law and Contemporary Problems , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-257
    • Mashaw, J.L.1
  • 187
    • 0043205540 scopus 로고
    • Getting their way
    • Matlack, Carol. 1990. “Getting their way.” National Journal, 22 (43): 2,584–2,588.
    • (1990) National Journal , vol.22 , Issue.43 , pp. 584-592
    • Matlack, C.1
  • 188
    • 0033244395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive orders and presidential power
    • Mayer, Kenneth R. 1999. “Executive orders and presidential power.” Journal of Politics, 61 (2): 445–467.
    • (1999) Journal of Politics , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 445-467
    • Mayer, K.R.1
  • 189
    • 84935847115 scopus 로고
    • The legislative design of regulatory structure
    • McCubbins, Matthew. 1985. “The legislative design of regulatory structure.” American Journal of Political Science, 29 (4): 721–748.
    • (1985) American Journal of Political Science , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 721-748
    • McCubbins, M.1
  • 191
    • 0000508965 scopus 로고
    • Structure and process, politics and policy: Administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies
    • McCubbins, Matthew, Roger G. Noll and Barry R. Weingast. 1989. “Structure and process, politics and policy: administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies.” Virginia Law Review, 75: 431–482.
    • (1989) Virginia Law Review , vol.75 , pp. 431-482
    • McCubbins, M.1    Noll, R.G.2    Weingast, B.R.3
  • 192
    • 0000049172 scopus 로고
    • Congressional oversight overlooked: Police patrols versus fire alarms
    • McCubbins, Matthew, and Thomas Schwartz. 1984. “Congressional oversight overlooked: police patrols versus fire alarms.” American Journal of Political Science, 28: 165–179.
    • (1984) American Journal of Political Science , vol.28 , pp. 165-179
    • McCubbins, M.1    Schwartz, T.2
  • 193
    • 84928857192 scopus 로고
    • California uses the government corporation
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • McDiarmid, John. 1940. “California uses the government corporation.” American Political Science Review, 34 (2): 300–306. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.jstor.org/.
    • (1940) American Political Science Review , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-306
    • McDiarmid, J.1
  • 194
    • 0346977216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embattled bankroller
    • September 16
    • McTague, Jim. 1996. “Embattled Bankroller.” Barron’s. September 16: 15.
    • (1996) Barron’s , pp. 15
    • McTague, J.1
  • 195
    • 0000922259 scopus 로고
    • Price and output policy of state enterprise
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Meade, J. E. 1944. “Price and output policy of state enterprise.” The Economic Journal, 54 (215/216): 321–339. Available on the World Wide Web at http://links.jstor.org/.
    • (1944) The Economic Journal , vol.54 , Issue.215-216 , pp. 321-339
    • Meade, J.E.1
  • 196
    • 85045163941 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory administration and organizational rigidity
    • Meier, Kenneth J., and John P. Plumlee. 1978. “Regulatory administration and organizational rigidity.” Western Political Quarterly, 21: 80–95.
    • (1978) Western Political Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 80-95
    • Meier, K.J.1    Plumlee, J.P.2
  • 197
    • 84928832993 scopus 로고
    • The politics of bureaucratic discretion: Educational access as an urban service
    • Meier, Kenneth J., Joseph Stewart, Jr., and Robert E. England. 1991. “The politics of bureaucratic discretion: educational access as an urban service.” American Journal of Political Science, 35 (1): 155–177.
    • (1991) American Journal of Political Science , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 155-177
    • Meier, K.J.1    Stewart, J.2    England, R.E.3
  • 200
    • 84928870219 scopus 로고
    • Tenth annual research conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. October 27–29. Seattle
    • Meyers, Roy T. 1988. “Budgetary controls for federal public authorities.” Tenth annual research conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. October 27–29. Seattle.
    • (1988) Budgetary controls for federal public authorities
    • Meyers, R.T.1
  • 205
    • 80051975548 scopus 로고
    • The urban bureaucracy and the chicago political machine: Who gets what and the limits to political control
    • Mladenka, Kenneth R. 1980. “The urban bureaucracy and the Chicago political machine: who gets what and the limits to political control.” American Political Science Review, 74: 991–998.
    • (1980) American Political Science Review , vol.74 , pp. 991-998
    • Mladenka, K.R.1
  • 206
    • 84928870221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UndatedCompany materials provided to the author
    • Modern Africa Fund. Undated. Company materials provided to the author.
  • 208
    • 34548732180 scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering principles of public administration: The neglected foundation of public law
    • Moe, Ronald C., and Robert S. Gilmour. 1995. “Rediscovering principles of public administration: the neglected foundation of public law.” Public Administration Review, 55 (2): 135–146.
    • (1995) Public Administration Review , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Moe, R.C.1    Gilmour, R.S.2
  • 209
    • 84936628233 scopus 로고
    • Government-sponsored enterprises as federal instrumentalities: Reconciling private management with public accountability
    • Moe, Ronald C., and Thomas H. Stanton. 1989. “Government-sponsored enterprises as federal instrumentalities: reconciling private management with public accountability.” Public Administration Review, 49(4): 321–329.
    • (1989) Public Administration Review , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-329
    • Moe, R.C.1    Stanton, T.H.2
  • 210
    • 0037696589 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory performance and presidential administration
    • Moe, Terry M. 1982. “Regulatory performance and presidential administration.” American Journal of Political Science, 26 (2): 197–224.
    • (1982) American Journal of Political Science , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-224
    • Moe, T.M.1
  • 211
    • 84936018509 scopus 로고
    • Control and feedback in economic regulation: The case of the nlrb
    • Moe, Terry M. 1985. “Control and feedback in economic regulation: the case of the NLRB.” American Political Science Review, 79(4): 1,094–1,116.
    • (1985) American Political Science Review , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 094-101
    • Moe, T.M.1
  • 212
    • 0002975896 scopus 로고
    • The politics of bureaucratic structure
    • John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson (eds.), Washington: Brookings Institution Press
    • Moe, Terry M. 1989. “The politics of bureaucratic structure.” In John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson (eds.), Can the government govern? Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1989) Can the Government Govern?
    • Moe, T.M.1
  • 213
    • 0000239162 scopus 로고
    • Political institutions: The neglected side of the story
    • Moe, Terry M. 1990. “Political institutions: the neglected side of the story.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 6 (special issue): 213–261.
    • (1990) Journal of Law, Economics and Organization , vol.6 , Issue.special issue , pp. 213-261
    • Moe, T.M.1
  • 214
    • 84973933590 scopus 로고
    • An adaptive model of bureaucratic politics
    • Moe, Terry M., and Jonathan Bendor. 1985. “An adaptive model of bureaucratic politics.” American Political Science Review, 79 (3): 755–774.
    • (1985) American Political Science Review , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 755-774
    • Moe, T.M.1    Bendor, J.2
  • 215
    • 0040741746 scopus 로고
    • The institutional foundations of democratic government: A comparison of presidential and parliamentary systems
    • Moe, Terry M., and M. Caldwell. 1994. “The institutional foundations of democratic government: a comparison of presidential and parliamentary systems.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 150(1): 171–195.
    • (1994) Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 171-195
    • Moe, T.M.1    Caldwell, M.2
  • 219
    • 84971124092 scopus 로고
    • Canadian public enterprise: A character study
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Musolf, Lloyd D. 1956. “Canadian public enterprise: a character study.” American Political Science Review, 50 (2): 405–421. Available on the World Wide Web at http//:www.jstor.org/journals/.
    • (1956) American Political Science Review , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 405-421
    • Musolf, L.D.1
  • 220
    • 84928855531 scopus 로고
    • Public enterprise and development perspectives in south vietnam
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Musolf, Lloyd D. 1963. “Public enterprise and development perspectives in South Vietnam.” Asian Survey, 3 (8): 357–371. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.
    • (1963) Asian Survey , vol.3 , Issue.8 , pp. 357-371
    • Musolf, L.D.1
  • 223
    • 84925925143 scopus 로고
    • The blurred boundaries of public administration
    • Musolf, Lloyd D., and Harold Seidman. 1980. “The blurred boundaries of public administration.” Public Administration Review, 40 (2): 124–130.
    • (1980) Public Administration Review , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 124-130
    • Musolf, L.D.1    Seidman, H.2
  • 224
    • 84928854558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For bush’s regulatory ‘czar,’ the equation is persuasion; graham wields cost-benefit analysis for, against rules
    • Final edn. May 10, ∗
    • Nakashima, Ellen. 2002. “For Bush’s regulatory ‘czar,’ the equation is persuasion; Graham wields cost-benefit analysis for, against rules.” The Washington Post. Final edn. May 10: A35.∗
    • (2002) The Washington Post , pp. 35
    • Nakashima, E.1
  • 227
    • 0345780144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinton readies tobacco crackdown; proposed rules take aim at teen smoking and could open the door to fda regulation
    • North sports final edn. August 22
    • Neikirk, William. 1996. “Clinton readies tobacco crackdown; proposed rules take aim at teen smoking and could open the door to FDA regulation.” The Chicago Tribune. North sports final edn. August 22: 1.
    • (1996) The Chicago Tribune , pp. 1
    • Neikirk, W.1
  • 228
    • 0342445030 scopus 로고
    • Public enterprises in sub-saharan africa
    • Barbara Grosh and Rwekaza S.Mukanda (eds.), Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers
    • Nellis, John R. 1994. “Public enterprises in sub-Saharan Africa.” In Barbara Grosh and Rwekaza S.Mukanda (eds.), State-owned enterprises in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
    • (1994) State-Owned Enterprises in Africa
    • Nellis, J.R.1
  • 229
    • 0346242037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing nature of accountability: The role of the inspector general in federal agencies
    • Newcomer, Kathryn E. 1998. “The changing nature of accountability: the role of the Inspector General in federal agencies.” Public Administration Review, 58 (2): 129–136.
    • (1998) Public Administration Review , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-136
    • Newcomer, K.E.1
  • 231
    • 84928860656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Private enterpriseswith official advantages
    • June 18
    • Nitschke, Lori. 1998. “Private enterpriseswith official advantages.” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. June 18: 1,569–1,648.
    • (1998) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report , pp. 569-571
    • Nitschke, L.1
  • 233
  • 234
  • 235
  • 236
  • 238
    • 84928870233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight
    • OFHEO, see Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight.
  • 239
    • 84970515291 scopus 로고
    • What is bureaucratic accountability and how can we measure it?
    • O’Laughlin, Michael G. 1990.“What is bureaucratic accountability and how can we measure it?” Administration & Society, 22 (3): 275–302.
    • (1990) Administration & Society , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-302
    • O’Laughlin, M.G.1
  • 240
    • 84928870234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see Overseas Private Investment Corporation
    • OPIC, see Overseas Private Investment Corporation.
  • 241
    • 0003820166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overseas Private Investment Corporation. 2001. Annual Report.
    • (2001) Annual Report
  • 242
    • 0038385957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overseas Private Investment Corporation. 2002. Annual Report.
    • (2002) Annual Report
  • 244
    • 84928857916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At us-sponsored enterprise funds, a question of authority
    • February 14, ∗
    • Ottaway, David B. 1996. “At US-sponsored Enterprise Funds, a question of authority.” The Washington Post. February 14: A19.∗
    • (1996) The Washington Post , pp. 19
    • Ottaway, D.B.1
  • 246
    • 0001057797 scopus 로고
    • The public-private distinction in organizational theory
    • Perry, James, and H. G. Rainey. 1988. “The public-private distinction in organizational theory.” Academy of Management Review, 13: 182–201.
    • (1988) Academy of Management Review , vol.13 , pp. 182-201
    • Perry, J.1    Rainey, H.G.2
  • 247
    • 0042704433 scopus 로고
    • letter (provided to the author). October 2
    • Pickle, J. J., and Bill Gradison. 1992. “Dear colleague” letter (provided to the author). October 2.
    • (1992) Dear Colleague
    • Pickle, J.J.1    Gradison, B.2
  • 249
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polish-American Enterprise Fund. 1998. Annual Report.
    • (1998) Annual Report
  • 250
    • 84928860556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With heat on, fannie and freddie press for relief
    • June 5
    • Prakash, Snigdah. 1996. “With heat on, Fannie and Freddie press for relief.” American Banker. June 5: 1–8.
    • (1996) American Banker , pp. 1-8
    • Prakash, S.1
  • 252
    • 84928852976 scopus 로고
    • The paradox of the government corporation
    • Pritchett, C. Herman. 1946a. “The paradox of the government corporation.” Public Administration Review, 1: 381–389.
    • (1946) Public Administration Review , vol.1 , pp. 381-389
    • Pritchett, C.H.1
  • 253
    • 84862608886 scopus 로고
    • The government corporation control act of 1945
    • Pritchett, C. Herman. 1946b. “The Government Corporation Control Act of 1945.” American Political Science Review, 40 (3): 495–509.
    • (1946) American Political Science Review , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 495-509
    • Pritchett, C.H.1
  • 254
    • 84928857193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fannie mae’s credit history
    • Final edn. March 10
    • Raines, Franklin. 2000. “Fannie Mae’s credit history.” The Washington Post. Final edn. March 10: A21.
    • (2000) The Washington Post , pp. 21
    • Raines, F.1
  • 255
    • 84928855511 scopus 로고
    • Treating s&ls with farm credit tonic
    • Rauch, Jonathan. 1989. “Treating S&Ls with farm credit tonic.” National Journal, 21 (9): 529.
    • (1989) National Journal , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 529
    • Rauch, J.1
  • 256
    • 0043205536 scopus 로고
    • You lose, we all pay
    • Rauch, Jonathan. 1991. “You lose, we all pay.” National Journal, 23 (14): 784–788.
    • (1991) National Journal , vol.23 , Issue.14 , pp. 784-788
    • Rauch, J.1
  • 257
    • 84928094564 scopus 로고
    • The public enterprise game
    • Supplement: Conference Papers, Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Rees, Ray. 1984. “The public enterprise game.” The Economic Journal, 94. Supplement: Conference Papers: 83–95. Available on the World Wide Web at http: //www.jstor.org/.
    • (1984) The Economic Journal , vol.94 , pp. 83-95
    • Rees, R.1
  • 258
    • 84928870235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Put-up time for white house on supervision of the gses
    • July 16 mortgage 1
    • Rehm, Barbara. 2001. “Put-up time for White House on supervision of the GSEs.” American Banker. July 16 mortgage 1.
    • (2001) American Banker
    • Rehm, B.1
  • 261
    • 0000496176 scopus 로고
    • Symposium on the law and economics of bargaining: Commentary on ‘administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies’: Administrative process and organizational formas legislative responses to agency costs
    • Robinson, Glen O. 1989. “Symposium on the law and economics of bargaining: commentary on ‘administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies’: administrative process and organizational formas legislative responses to agency costs.” Virginia Law Review, 75.∗
    • (1989) Virginia Law Review , vol.75
    • Robinson, G.O.1
  • 262
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Romanian-American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 263
    • 0010943931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing accountability
    • James L. Perry (ed.), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
    • Romzek, Barbara S. 1996. “Enhancing accountability.” In James L. Perry (ed.), Handbook of Public Administration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1996) Handbook of Public Administration
    • Romzek, B.S.1
  • 264
    • 84881882938 scopus 로고
    • Accountability in the public sector: Lessons from the challenger tragedy
    • Romzek, Barbara S., and Melvin J. Dubnick. 1987. “Accountability in the public sector: lessons from the Challenger tragedy.” Public Administration Review, 47 (3): 227–238.
    • (1987) Public Administration Review , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-238
    • Romzek, B.S.1    Dubnick, M.J.2
  • 265
    • 85050830605 scopus 로고
    • Revitalizing the federal civil service
    • Rosen, Bernard. 1989. “Revitalizing the federal civil service.” Public Administration Review, 49 (5): 501–506.
    • (1989) Public Administration Review , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 501-506
    • Rosen, B.1
  • 267
    • 0040467775 scopus 로고
    • Executive responsiveness to presidential policies: The reagan presidency
    • Rourke, Francis E. 1990. “Executive responsiveness to presidential policies: the Reagan Presidency.” Congress & the Presidency, 17 (1): 1–11.
    • (1990) Congress & the Presidency , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Rourke, F.E.1
  • 269
    • 84928861647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is granting of net patents out of synch with reality?
    • Salkowski, Joe. 2000. “Is granting of net patents out of synch with reality?” Los Angeles Business Journal, 22: 19.
    • (2000) Los Angeles Business Journal , vol.22 , pp. 19
    • Salkowski, J.1
  • 270
    • 84928854777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fannie mae and freddie mac come up against their lobbying match: The companies may face an overhaul in regulation
    • (London). June 15
    • Sanghera, Sathnam. 2000. “Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac come up against their lobbying match: the companies may face an overhaul in regulation.” Financial Times (London). June 15: 4.
    • (2000) Financial Times , pp. 4
    • Sanghera, S.1
  • 271
    • 0039225247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privatization, political insurrection, and corporate welfare
    • Savage, J. A. 1997. “Privatization, political insurrection, and corporate welfare.” Business and Society Review, 97: 39–40.
    • (1997) Business and Society Review , vol.97 , pp. 39-40
    • Savage, J.A.1
  • 272
    • 12344292964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush raps rivals, own party on education; urges accountability for schools; rues democrats’ ‘despair.’
    • City edn. October 6
    • Scales, Ann. 1999. “Bush raps rivals, own party on education; urges accountability for schools; rues Democrats’ ‘despair.’” The Boston Globe. City edn. October 6: A29.
    • (1999) The Boston Globe , pp. 29
    • Scales, A.1
  • 273
    • 84928853996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test of corporate welfare durability
    • September 10
    • Schaefer, Brett. 1996. “Test of corporate welfare durability.” The Washington Times. September 10: 28.
    • (1996) The Washington Times , pp. 28
    • Schaefer, B.1
  • 275
    • 84931835134 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory agency control through appointment: The case of the eisenhower administration and the nlrb
    • Scher, Seymour. 1961. “Regulatory agency control through appointment: the case of the Eisenhower Administration and the NLRB.” Journal of Politics, 23 (4): 667–688.
    • (1961) Journal of Politics , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 667-688
    • Scher, S.1
  • 276
    • 84928856673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Want to start a day care? Help is on the way
    • December 22
    • Scherer, Ron. 1999. “Want to start a day care? Help is on the way.” Christian Science Monitor. December 22: 18.
    • (1999) Christian Science Monitor , pp. 18
    • Scherer, R.1
  • 277
    • 84928870237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airport checkpoint control shifts today; with changes ahead, us security agency begins to step in at commercial sites
    • February 17.∗
    • Schneider, Greg. 2002. “Airport checkpoint control shifts today; with changes ahead, US security agency begins to step in at commercial sites.” The Washington Post. February 17.∗
    • (2002) The Washington Post
    • Schneider, G.1
  • 278
    • 84928870238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush air safety plan stops short of federal takeover
    • September 17.∗
    • Schneider, Greg, and Ellen Nakashima. 2001. “Bush air safety plan stops short of federal takeover.” The Washington Post. September 17.∗
    • (2001) The Washington Post
    • Schneider, G.1    Nakashima, E.2
  • 279
    • 84928857042 scopus 로고
    • Farm credit overhaul is approved by senate
    • December 3, ∗
    • Schneider, Keith. 1985. “Farm credit overhaul is approved by Senate.” The New York Times. December 3: D1.∗
    • (1985) The New York Times , pp. 1
    • Schneider, K.1
  • 280
    • 84971751165 scopus 로고
    • Street-level political controls over federal bureaucracy
    • Scholz, John T., Jim Twombly and Barbara Headrick. 1991. “Street-level political controls over federal bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review, 85 (3): 829–850.
    • (1991) American Political Science Review , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 829-850
    • Scholz, J.T.1    Twombly, J.2    Headrick, B.3
  • 281
    • 26544466301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critics of fannie mae finally gain a powerful voice
    • June 17
    • Schroeder, Michael. 1999. “Critics of Fannie Mae finally gain a powerful voice.” The Wall Street Journal. June 17: A28.
    • (1999) The Wall Street Journa , pp. 28
    • Schroeder, M.1
  • 282
    • 11944253186 scopus 로고
    • The theory of the autonomous government corporation: A critical appraisal
    • Seidman, Harold. 1952. “The theory of the autonomous government corporation: a critical appraisal.” Public Administration Review, 12 (2): 89–96.
    • (1952) Public Administration Review , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-96
    • Seidman, H.1
  • 283
    • 0013506858 scopus 로고
    • The government corporation: Organization and controls
    • Seidman, Harold. 1954. “The government corporation: organization and controls.” Public Administration Review, 14 (3): 183–192.
    • (1954) Public Administration Review , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-192
    • Seidman, H.1
  • 284
    • 77956424760 scopus 로고
    • Government-sponsored enterprise in the united states
    • Bruce L. R. Smith (ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Seidman, Harold. 1975. “Government-sponsored enterprise in the United States.” In Bruce L. R. Smith (ed.), The new political economy: the public use of the private sector. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
    • (1975) The New Political Economy: The Public Use of The Private Sector
    • Seidman, H.1
  • 285
    • 67651145723 scopus 로고
    • The quasi world of the federal government
    • Summer
    • Seidman, Harold. 1988. “The quasi world of the federal government.” Brookings Review. Summer: 23.
    • (1988) Brookings Review , pp. 23
    • Seidman, H.1
  • 290
    • 0011527353 scopus 로고
    • Quality comes to city hall
    • Sensenbrenner, Joseph. 1991. “Quality comes to city hall.” Harvard Business Review, 69 (2): 64–70.
    • (1991) Harvard Business Review , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 64-70
    • Sensenbrenner, J.1
  • 291
    • 84933479634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem of independent agencies in the united states and the european union
    • Shapiro, Martin. 1997. “The problem of independent agencies in the United States and the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy, 4(2): 276–291.
    • (1997) Journal of European Public Policy , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 276-291
    • Shapiro, M.1
  • 294
    • 84928857170 scopus 로고
    • Administration backs $5 billion farm credit; support conditioned on reforms
    • June 10, ∗
    • Sinclair, Ward. 1987. “Administration backs $5 billion farm credit; support conditioned on reforms.” The Washington Post. June 10: A4.∗
    • (1987) The Washington Post , pp. 4
    • Sinclair, W.1
  • 295
    • 0008986993 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Open University Press
    • Skelcher, Chris. 1988. The appointed state. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
    • (1988) The Appointed State
    • Skelcher, C.1
  • 298
    • 67651179908 scopus 로고
    • Nonquantifiable risks and financial institutions: The mercantilist legal framework of banks, thrifts, and government-sponsored enterprises
    • Charles A. Stone and Anne Zissu (eds.), Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Professional Publishing
    • Stanton, Thomas H. 1994. “Nonquantifiable risks and financial institutions: the mercantilist legal framework of banks, thrifts, and government-sponsored enterprises.” In Charles A. Stone and Anne Zissu (eds.), Global Risk Based Capital Regulations, vol. 1. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Professional Publishing.
    • (1994) Global Risk Based Capital Regulations , vol.1
    • Stanton, T.H.1
  • 302
    • 12244312233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defending home turf from attack; fannie mae is facing assault by house panel and business rivals
    • April 22
    • Stevenson, Richard W. 2000. “Defending home turf from attack; Fannie Mae is facing assault by House panel and business rivals.” The New York Times. April 22: C1.
    • (2000) The New York Times , pp. 1
    • Stevenson, R.W.1
  • 303
    • 0346977219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To the editor
    • September 23
    • Stillman, Robert D. 1996. “To the editor.” Barron’s. September 23.
    • (1996) Barron’s
    • Stillman, R.D.1
  • 304
    • 0041702690 scopus 로고
    • New York: Association of the Bar of the City of New York
    • Surrey, Stanley. 1976. The federal tax legislative process. New York: Association of the Bar of the City of New York.
    • (1976) The Federal Tax Legislative Process
    • Surrey, S.1
  • 306
    • 0041702747 scopus 로고
    • Twilight zone
    • December 12
    • Taub, Stephen and Jackey Gold. 1989. “Twilight zone.” Financial World. December 12: 42–46.
    • (1989) Financial World , pp. 42-46
    • Taub, S.1    Gold, J.2
  • 307
    • 0042704426 scopus 로고
    • Bill establishing new overseer for fannie, freddie clears
    • October 10
    • Taylor, Andrew. 1992. “Bill establishing new overseer for Fannie, Freddie clears.” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. October 10: 3,138.
    • (1992) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report , pp. 3,138
    • Taylor, A.1
  • 309
    • 84937268127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government companies as instruments of state action
    • New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Thynne, Ian. 1998. “Government companies as instruments of state action.” Public Administration and Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
    • (1998) Public Administration and Development
    • Thynne, I.1
  • 310
    • 84927457795 scopus 로고
    • Government corporations and managing the public’s business
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Tierney, John T. 1984.“Government corporations and managing the public’s business.” Political Science Quarterly, 99 (1): 73–92. Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.jstor.org/.
    • (1984) Political Science Quarterly , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-92
    • Tierney, J.T.1
  • 311
    • 84928870242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee
    • TPCC, see Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.
  • 313
    • 84928870244 scopus 로고
    • The public corporation in italy
    • W. Friedmann and J. F. Garner (eds.), London: Stevens & Sons
    • Treves, Giussepino. 1970. “The public corporation in Italy.” In W. Friedmann and J. F. Garner (eds.), Government enterprise – a comparative study. London: Stevens & Sons.
    • (1970) Government Enterprise – a Comparative Study
    • Treves, G.1
  • 314
    • 0003911832 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press
    • Truman, David B. 1993. The governmental process. 2nd edn. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press.
    • (1993) The Governmental Process
    • Truman, D.B.1
  • 316
    • 84928870245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal documents describing the Enterprise Fund program (provided to the author)
    • US Agency for International Development. 1998. Internal documents describing the Enterprise Fund program (provided to the author).
    • (1998)
  • 323
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Russia Investment Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 324
    • 84928870247 scopus 로고
    • Senator levin of michigan commenting on the fhefssa. 102nd congress, 2nd session
    • US Senate. 1992. Senator Levin of Michigan commenting on the FHEFSSA. 102nd Congress, 2nd session. Congressional Record, 138 (91).
    • (1992) Congressional Record , vol.138 , Issue.91
    • Senate, U.S.1
  • 326
    • 84928870249 scopus 로고
    • Testimony april 13, 1994, henry cisneros, secretary of housing and urban development, senate banking: Gse housing goals
    • April 13
    • US Senate: Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs. 1994. “Testimony April 13, 1994, Henry Cisneros, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Senate Banking: GSE Housing Goals.” Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony. April 13.∗
    • (1994) Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony
  • 328
    • 0346464694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of privatization: The attainment of social goals
    • Washington: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
    • Wachter, Susan, James Follain, Peter Linneman, Roberto G. Quercia and George McCarthy. 1996. “Implications of privatization: the attainment of social goals.” In Studies on privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Washington: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.
    • (1996) Studies on Privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    • Wachter, S.1    Follain, J.2    Linneman, P.3    Quercia, R.G.4    McCarthy, G.5
  • 329
    • 84928853723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Board resigns at us fund for czechs and slovaks
    • March 3
    • Wald, Matthew L. 1996a. “Board resigns at US Fund for Czechs and Slovaks.” The New York Times. March 3: 9.
    • (1996) The New York Times , pp. 9
    • Wald, M.L.1
  • 330
    • 84928870250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pushing for a new faa focus
    • June 24. Electronic document. [No longer the original address.]
    • Wald, Matthew L. 1996b. “Pushing for a new FAA focus.” The New York Times on the Web. June 24. Electronic document. [No longer the original address.]
    • (1996) The New York Times on the Web
    • Wald, M.L.1
  • 331
    • 84928861555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rein in fannie mae – before it’s too late
    • March 3
    • Wallison, Peter J. 2001. “Rein in Fannie Mae – before it’s too late.” Wall Street Journal. March 3: A14.
    • (2001) Wall Street Journal , pp. 14
    • Wallison, P.J.1
  • 333
    • 4243095960 scopus 로고
    • A model of public enterprise with entry
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Ware, Roger. 1986. “A model of public enterprise with entry.” Canadian Journal of Economics, 19 (4): 642–655. Available on the World Wide Web at http://links.jstor.org/.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Economics , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 642-655
    • Ware, R.1
  • 335
    • 84928870251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at American Enterprise Institute conference on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: “Public purposes and private interests.” Washington. March 24
    • Weicher, John. 1999. “The development of housing GSEs.” Paper presented at American Enterprise Institute conference on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: “Public purposes and private interests.” Washington. March 24.
    • (1999) The Development of Housing Gses
    • Weicher, J.1
  • 336
    • 84928870252 scopus 로고
    • Us sticklers for safety extras jack up your auto sticker prices
    • October 30, ∗
    • Weidenbaum, Murray L. 1984. “US sticklers for safety extras jack up your auto sticker prices.” Christian Science Monitor. October 30.∗
    • (1984) Christian Science Monitor
    • Weidenbaum, M.L.1
  • 337
    • 84925931099 scopus 로고
    • Regulation, reregulation and deregulation: The political foundations of agency clientele relationships
    • Weingast, Barry R. 1981. “Regulation, reregulation and deregulation: the political foundations of agency clientele relationships.” Law and Contemporary Problems, 44: 147–177.
    • (1981) Law and Contemporary Problems , vol.44 , pp. 147-177
    • Weingast, B.R.1
  • 338
    • 0000796326 scopus 로고
    • Bureaucratic discretion or congressional control? Regulatory policy-making by the federal trade commission
    • Weingast, Barry R., and Mark J. Moran. 1983. “Bureaucratic discretion or Congressional control? Regulatory policy-making by the Federal Trade Commission.” Journal of Political Economy, 91 (5): 765–800.
    • (1983) Journal of Political Economy , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 765-800
    • Weingast, B.R.1    Moran, M.J.2
  • 339
    • 84977375204 scopus 로고
    • Using knowledge for control of fragmented policy areas
    • Weiss, Janet A., and Judith E. Gruber. 1984. “Using knowledge for control of fragmented policy areas.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 3: 225–247.
    • (1984) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.3 , pp. 225-247
    • Weiss, J.A.1    Gruber, J.E.2
  • 340
    • 34248292292 scopus 로고
    • Two cheers for paperwork: The value and burden of federal reporting
    • Weiss, Janet A., Judith E. Gruber and R. H. Carver. 1989. “Two cheers for paperwork: the value and burden of federal reporting.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 19 (2): 161–174.
    • (1989) Publius: The Journal of Federalism , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-174
    • Weiss, J.A.1    Gruber, J.E.2    Carver, R.H.3
  • 342
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western NIS American Enterprise Fund. 1997. Annual Report.
    • (1997) Annual Report
  • 343
    • 0013506860 scopus 로고
    • Canberra: Royal Australian Institute of PublicAdministration (ACTDivision) in association with the National Council, Royal Australian Institute of Public Administration
    • Wettenhall, Roger L. 1987. Public enterprise and national development: selected essays. Canberra: Royal Australian Institute of Public Administration (ACTDivision) in association with the National Council, Royal Australian Institute of Public Administration.
    • (1987) Public Enterprise and National Development: Selected Essays
    • Wettenhall, R.L.1
  • 345
    • 84928855965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firms report fannie mae, freddie mac threats
    • March 8
    • Wilke, John R., and Patrick Barta. 2001. “Firms report Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac threats.” The Wall Street Journal. March 8: A3.
    • (2001) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 3
    • Wilke, J.R.1    Barta, P.2
  • 346
    • 84928870253 scopus 로고
    • The national government as a holding corporation: The question of subsidiary budgets
    • Available on the World Wide Web at
    • Willoughby, W. F. 1917. “The national government as a holding corporation: the question of subsidiary budgets.” Political Science Quarterly, 32 (4): 505–521. Available on the World Wide Web at http://links.jstor.org/.
    • (1917) Political Science Quarterly , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-521
    • Willoughby, W.F.1
  • 347
    • 79959917170 scopus 로고
    • Quangos in the skeletal state
    • F. F. Ridley and David Wilson (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Wilson, David. 1995. “Quangos in the skeletal state.” In F. F. Ridley and David Wilson (eds.), The quango debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1995) The Quango Debate
    • Wilson, D.1
  • 348
    • 0003579536 scopus 로고
    • James Q. Wilson (ed.), New York: Basic Books
    • Wilson, James Q. 1980. “The politics of regulation.” In James Q. Wilson (ed.), The politics of regulation. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1980) The Politics of Regulation
    • Wilson, J.Q.1
  • 350
    • 34250362287 scopus 로고
    • Can the government regulate itself?
    • Wilson, James Q., and Patricia Rachal. 1977. “Can the government regulate itself?” The Public Interest, 46: 3–14.
    • (1977) The Public Interest , vol.46 , pp. 3-14
    • Wilson, J.Q.1    Rachal, P.2
  • 351
    • 0001277662 scopus 로고
    • The study of administration
    • Wilson, Woodrow. 1887. “The study of administration.” Political Science Quarterly, 2: 197–222.
    • (1887) Political Science Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 197-222
    • Wilson, W.1
  • 352
    • 84934453180 scopus 로고
    • Does politics make a difference at the eeoc?
    • Wood, B. Dan. 1990. “Does politics make a difference at the EEOC?” American Journal of Political Science, 34 (2): 503–530.
    • (1990) American Journal of Political Science , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 503-530
    • Wood, B.D.1
  • 353
    • 84970487970 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of political control of the bureaucracy
    • Wood, B. Dan, and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The dynamics of political control of the bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review, 85 (3): 801–850.
    • (1991) American Political Science Review , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 801-850
    • Wood, B.D.1    Waterman, R.W.2
  • 355
    • 84928863167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Union deal averts passenger rail strike
    • November 3
    • Woodward, Calvin. 1997. “Union deal averts passenger rail strike.” The Chattanooga Times. November 3: A10.
    • (1997) The Chattanooga Times , pp. 10
    • Woodward, C.1
  • 356
    • 0041702741 scopus 로고
    • Banking panel approves bill to oversee fannie, freddie
    • July 27
    • Zuckman, Jill. 1991a. “Banking panel approves bill to oversee Fannie, Freddie.” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. July 27: 2,059.
    • (1991) Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report , pp. 2,059
    • Zuckman, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.