Instrument intercomparison of glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and NO2 under simulated atmospheric conditions

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1835-1862

  Thalman, R ^a,b,l   Baeza Romero, M T ^c   Ball, S M ^d   Borras E ^e   Daniels, M J S ^d   Goodall, I C A ^d   Henry, S B ^f   Karl, T ^g,h   Keutsch, F N ^f   Kim, S ^g,i   Mak, J ^j   Monks, P S ^d   Munoz A ^e   Orlando, J ^g   Peppe, S ^k   Rickard, A R ^k,m   Rodenas M ^e   Sanchez P ^e   Seco, R ^g,i   Su, L ^j   Tyndall, G ^g   Vazquez M ^e   Vera, T ^e   Waxman, E ^a,b   Volkamer, R ^a,b   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA MANCHA   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^e FUNDACIÓN CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES DEL MEDITERRÁNEO CEAM   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^g NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^l BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CALIBRATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CORRELATION; OXIDATION; SIMULATION;

EUROPE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84928719720     PISSN: 18671381     EISSN: 18678548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/amt-8-1835-2015     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Ahlm, L., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Weber, R., Gentner, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., DiGangi, J. P., Henry, S. B., Keutsch, F. N., VandenBoer, T. C., Markovic, M. Z., Murphy, J. G., Ren, X., and Scheller, S.: Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V08, doi:10.1029/2011JD017144, 2012.
2. Alvarez, E. G. and Valcárcel, M.: Research into conditions of quantitivity in the determination of carboniles in complex air matrices by adsorptive solid phase microextraction, Talanta, 77, 1444-1453, 2009.
3. Baidar, S., Oetjen, H., Coburn, S., Dix, B., Ortega, I., Sinreich, R., and Volkamer, R.: The CU Airborne MAX-DOAS instrument: vertical profiling of aerosol extinction and trace gases, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 719-739, doi:10.5194/amt-6-719-2013, 2013.
4. Baker, J., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Formation and reaction of hydroxycarbonyls from the reaction of OH radicals with 1,3-butadiene and isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4091-4099, 2005.
5. Ball, S. M., Hollingsworth, A. M., Humbles, J., Leblanc, C., Potin, P., and McFiggans, G.: Spectroscopic studies of molecular iodine emitted into the gas phase by seaweed, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6237-6254, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6237-2010, 2010.
6. Bao, M. L., Pantani, F., Griffini, O., Burrini, D., Santianni, D., and Barbieri, K.: Determination of carbonyl compounds in water by derivatization-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis, J. Chromatogr. A, 809, 75-87, 1998.
7. Becker, K. H. (Ed.): The European Photoreactor EUPHORE, Final Report of the EC-Project EUPHORE, Contract EV5VCT92-0059, Bergische UniversitätWuppertal, Dept. of Chemistry, Germany, 1996.
8. Blake, R. S., Monks, P. S., and Ellis, A. M.: Proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry, Chem. Rev., 109, 861-896, 2009.
9. Bohn, B. and Zetzsch, C.: Formation of HO2 from OH and C2H2 in the presence of O2, J. Chem. Soc., 94, 1203-1210, doi:10.1039/A708536B, 1998.
10. Borrás, E., Muñoz A., Ródenas M., and Vera, T.: in preparation, 2015.
11. Coburn, S., Ortega, I., Thalman, R., Blomquist, B., Fairall, C. W., and Volkamer, R.: Measurements of diurnal variations and eddy covariance (EC) fluxes of glyoxal in the tropical marine boundary layer: description of the Fast LED-CE-DOAS instrument, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3579-3595, doi:10.5194/amt-7-3579-2014, 2014.
12. Cazorla, M., Wolfe, G. M., Bailey, S. A., Swanson, A. K., Arkinson, H. L., and Hanisco, T. F.: A new airborne laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of formaldehyde throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 541-552, doi:10.5194/amt-8-541-2015, 2015.
13. Chew, A. A. and Atkinson, R.: OH radical formation yields from the gas-phase reactions of O3 with alkenes and monoterpenes, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28649-28653, doi:10.1029/96JD02722, 1996.
14. Daniels, M. J. S. and Ball, S. B.: in preparation, 2015.
15. de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earth's atmosphere using proton-transferreaction mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 223-257, 2007.
16. de Gouw, J. A., Goldan, P. D., Warneke, C., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J. M., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., Pszenny, A. A. P., and Keene, W. C.: Validation of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) measurements of gas-phase organic compounds in the atmosphere during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4682, doi:10.1029/2003JD003863, 2003.
17. DiGangi, J. P., Henry, S. B., Kammrath, A., Boyle, E. S., Kaser, L., Schnitzhofer, R., Graus, M., Turnipseed, A., Park, J-H., Weber, R. J., Hornbrook, R. S., Cantrell, C. A., Maudlin III, R. L., Kim, S., Nakashima, Y., Wolfe, G. M., Kajii, Y., Apel, E.C., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Karl, T., Hansel, A., and Keutsch, F. N.: Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9529-9543, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9529-2012, 2012.
18. Dubé, W. P., Brown, S. S., Osthoff, H. D., Nunley, M. R., Ciciora, S. J., Paris, M.W., McLaughlin, R. J., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Aircraft instrument for simultaneous, in situ measurement of NO3 and N2O5 via pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 34101-34111, 2006.
19. Ervens, B. and Volkamer, R.: Glyoxal processing by aerosol multiphase chemistry: towards a kinetic modeling framework of secondary organic aerosol formation in aqueous particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8219-8244, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8219-2010, 2010.
20. Ervens, B., Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Feingold, G.: Secondary organic aerosol yields from cloud-processing of isoprene oxidation products, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02816, doi:10.1029/2007GL031828, 2008.
21. Fayt, C. and Van Roosendael, M.:WinDOAS User Manual, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium, 2001.
22. Feierabend, K. J., Zhu, L., Talukdar, R. K., and Burkholder, J. B.: Rate coefficients for the OHCHC(O)C(O)H (glyoxal) reaction between 210 and 390 K, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 73-82, 2007.
23. Fu, T. M., Jacob, D. J., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., and Henze, D. K.: Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15303, doi:10.1029/2007JD009505, 2008.
24. Galloway, M. M., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A. W. H., Surratt, J. D., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3331-3345, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3331-2009, 2009.
25. Gómez Alvarez, E., Viidanoja, J., Muñoz, A., Wirtz, A., and Hjorth, J.: Experimental confirmation of the dicarbonyl route in the photo-oxidation of toluene and benzene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 8362-8369, doi:10.1021/es0713274, 2007.
26. Greenblatt, G. D., Orlando, J. J., Burkholder, J. B., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Absorption Measurements of Oxygen Between 330 and 1140 nm, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18577-18582, doi:10.1029/JD095iD11p18577, 1990.
27. Grosjean, E., Grosjean, D., Fraser, M. P., and Cass, G. R.: Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 2. C1-C14 Carbonyls in Los Angeles air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2687-2703, 1996.
28. Guimbaud, C., Catoire, V., Bergeat, A., Michel, E., Schoon, N., Amelynck, C., Labonnette, D., and Poulet, G.: Kinetics of the reactions of acetone and glyoxal with O C 2 and NOC ions and application to the detection of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 263, 276-288, 2007.
29. Hamilton, J. F., Baeza-Romero, M. T., Finessi, E., Rickard, A. R., Healy, R. M., Peppe, S., Adams, T. J., Daniels, M. J. S., Ball, S. M., Goodall, I. C. A., Monks, P. S., Borras, E., and Munoz, A.: Online and offline mass spectrometric study of the impact of oxidation and ageing on glyoxal chemistry and uptake onto ammonium sulfate aerosols, Faraday Discuss., 165, 447-472, doi:10.1039/C3FD00051F, 2013.
30. Hennigan, C. J., Bergin, M. H., Russell, A. G., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Gas/particle partitioning of water-soluble organic aerosol in Atlanta, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3613-3628, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3613-2009, 2009.
31. Henry, S. B., Kammrath, A., and Keutsch, F. N.: Quantification of gas-phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal via the Laser-Induced Phosphorescence of (methyl)GLyOxal Spectrometry (LIPGLOS) Method, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 181-192, doi:10.5194/amt-5-181-2012, 2012.
32. Hermans, C.: Measurement of Absorption Cross Sections and Spectroscopic Molecular Parameters: O2 and its Collisonal Induced Absorption, available at: http://spectrolab.aeronomie.be/data/o4.txt (last access: 18 August 2014), 2010.
33. Hermans, C., Vandaele, A., Carleer, M., Fally, S., Colin, R., Jenouvrier, A., Coquart, B., and Mérienne, M. F.: Absorption crosssections of atmospheric constituents: NO2, O2, and H2O, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 6, 151-158, 1999.
34. Ho, S. S. H. and Yu, J. Z.: Feasibility of collection and analysis of airborne carbonyls by on-sorbent derivatization and thermal desorption, Anal. Chem., 74, 1232-1240, 2002.
35. Huisman, A. J., Hottle, J. R., Coens, K. L., DiGangi, J. P., Galloway, M. M., Kammrath, A., and Keutsch, F. N.: Laser-induced phosphorescence for the in situ detection of glyoxal at part per trillion mixing ratios, Anal. Chem., 80, 5884-5891, 2008.
36. Huisman, A. J., Hottle, J. R., Galloway, M. M., DiGangi, J. P., Coens, K. L., Choi, W., Faloona, I. C., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., de Gouw, J., Bouvier-Brown, N. C., Goldstein, A. H., LaFranchi, B. W., Cohen, R. C., Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Farmer, D. K., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Mao, J., Brune, W. H., and Keutsch, F. N.: Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and analysis from BEARPEX 2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8883-8897, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8883-2011, 2011.
37. Ieda, T., Kitamori, Y., Mochida, M., Hirata, R., Hirano, T., Inukai, K., Fujinuma, Y., and Kawamura, K.: Diurnal variations and vertical gradients of biogenic volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at the Tomakomai larch forest station in Japan, Tellus B, 58, 177-186, 2006.
38. Ip, H. S. S., Huang, X. H. H., and Yu, J. Z.: Effective Henry's law constants of glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, and glycolic acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01802, doi:10.1029/2008GL036212, 2009.
39. Jordan, A., Haidacher, S., Hanel, G., Hartungen, E., Märk, L., Seehauser, H., Schottkowsky, R., Sulzer, P., and Märk, T. D.: A high resolution and high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-offlight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 286, 122-128, 2009.
40. Kampf, C. J., Waxman, E. M., Slowik, J. G., Dommen, J., Pfaffenberger, L., Praplan, A. P., Prévôt, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U., Hoffmann, T., and Volkamer, R.: Effective Henry's law partition-ing and the salting constant of glyoxal in aerosols containing sulfate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4236-4244, 2013.
41. Karl, T., Guenther, A., Turnipseed, A., Tyndall, G., Artaxo, P., and Martin, S.: Rapid formation of isoprene photo-oxidation products observed in Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7753-7767, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7753-2009, 2009.
42. Kawamura, K., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Irie, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z.: Determination of gaseous and particulate carbonyls (glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nonanal and decanal) in the atmosphere at Mt. Tai, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5369-5380, doi:10.5194/acp-13-5369-2013, 2013.
43. Knote, C., Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Volkamer, R., Orlando, J. J., Baidar, S., Brioude, J., Fast, J., Gentner, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Hayes, P. L., Knighton, W. B., Oetjen, H., Setyan, A., Stark, H., Thalman, R., Tyndall, G., Washenfelder, R., Waxman, E., and Zhang, Q.: Simulation of semi-explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in aerosol in a 3-D model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6213-6239, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6213-2014, 2014.
44. Langridge, J. M., Ball, S. M., Shillings, A. J. L., and Jones, R. L.: A broadband absorption spectrometer using light emitting diodes for ultrasensitive, in situ trace gas detection, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, 123110, doi:10.1063/1.3046282, 2008.
45. Lee, Y. N., Zhou, X., Kleinman, L. I., Nunnermacker, L. J., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Newman, L., Keigley, W. G., Holdren, M. W., Spicer, C. W., Young, V., Fu, B., Parrish, D. D., Holloway, J., Williams, J., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Atmospheric chemistry and distribution of formaldehyde and several multioxygenated carbonyl compounds during the 1995 Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 22449-22462, 1998.
46. Matsunaga, S., Mochida, M., and Kawamura, K.: Variation on the atmospheric concentrations of biogenic carbonyl compounds and their removal processes in the northern forest at Moshiri, Hokkaido Island in Japan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04302, doi:10.1029/2003JD004100, 2004.
47. McNeill, V. F., Woo, J. L., Kim, D. D., Schwier, A. N., Wannell, N. J., Sumner, A. J., and Barakat, J. M.: Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol and organosulfate formation in atmospheric aerosols: a modeling study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8075-8081, 2012.
48. Meller, R., Raber, W., Crowley, J. N., Jenkin, M. E., and Moortgat, G. K.: The UV-visible absorption spectrum of methylglyoxal, J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 62, 163-171, 1991.
49. Michel, E., Schoon, N., Amelynck, C., Guimbaud, C., Catoire, V., and Arijs, E.: A selected ion flow tube study of the reactions of H3OC, NOC and O C 2 with methyl vinyl ketone and some atmospherically important aldehydes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 244, 50-59, 2005.
50. Muñoz, A., Vera, T., Sidebottom, H., Mellouki, A., Borrás, E., Rodenas, M., Clemente, E., and Vazquez, M.: Studies on the atmospheric degradation of chlorpyrifosmethyl, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1880-1886, 2011.
51. Muñoz, A., Vera, T., Sidebottom, H., Ródenas, M., Borrás, E., Vázquez, M., Raro, M., and Mellouki, A.: Studies on the atmospheric fate of propachlor (2-chloro-Nisopropylacetanilide) in the gas-phase, Atmos. Environ., 49, 33-40, 2012.
52. Muñoz, A., Vera, T., Ródenas, T., Borrás, E., Mellouki, A., Treacy, J., and Sidebottom, H.: Gas-phase degradation of the herbicide ethalfluralin under atmospheric conditions, Chemosphere, 95, 395-401, 2014.
53. Myriokefalitakis, S., Vrekoussis, M., Tsigaridis, K., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., Brühl, C., Volkamer, R., Burrows, J. P., and Kanakidou, M.: The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4965-4981, doi:10.5194/acp-8-4965-2008, 2008.
54. Niki, H., Maker, P. D., Savage, C. M., and Breitenbach, L. P.: An FTIR study of the Cl-atom-initiated reaction of glyoxal, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 17, 547-558, 1985.
55. Nozière, B., Dziedzic, P., and Córdova, A.: Products and kinetics of the liquid-phase reaction of glyoxal catalyzed by ammonium ions (NH C 4 ), J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 231-237, 2008.
56. O'Keefe, A. and Deacon, D. A. G.: Cavity ring-down optical spectrometer for absorption-measurements using pulsed laser sources, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 2544-2551, 1988.
57. Okuzawa, K., Mochida, M., Bendle, J., Wang, H., and Kawamura, K.: Diurnal variation of semi-volatile dicarbonyls and hydroxycarbonyls in the urban atmosphere, Chikyukagaku (Geochemistry), 41, 125-134, 2007.
58. Orlando, J. J. and Tyndall, G. S.: Mechanisms for the reactions of OH with two unsaturated aldehydes: crotonaldehyde and acrolein, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 12252-12259, 2002.
59. Osthoff, H. D., Brown, S. S., Ryerson, T. B., Fortin, T. J., Lerner, B. M., Williams, E. J., Pettersson, A., Baynard, T., Dubé, W. P., Ciciora, S. J., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Measurement of atmospheric NO2 by pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12305, doi:10.1029/2005JD006942, 2006.
60. Pang, X., Lewis, A. C., and Ródenas García, M.: Microfluidic labon-a-chip derivatization for gaseous carbonyl analysis, J. Chromatogr. A, 1296, 93-103, 2013.
61. Pang, X., Lewis, A. C., Rickard, A. R., Baeza-Romero, M. T., Adams, T. J., Ball, S. M., Daniels, M. J. S., Goodall, I. C. A., Monks, P. S., Peppe, S., Ródenas García, M., Sánchez, P., and Muñoz, A.: A smog chamber comparison of a microfluidic derivatisation measurement of gas-phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal with other analytical techniques, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 373-389, doi:10.5194/amt-7-373-2014, 2014.
62. Profeta, L. T. M., Sams, R. L., Johnson, T. J., and Williams, S. D.: Quantitative infrared intensity studies of vapor-phase glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) with vibrational assignments, J. Phys. Chem. A, 115, 9886-9900, 2011.
63. Raber, W.: Zur Photooxidation einiger atmosphaerischer Spurengase in Luft: die Carbonylverbindungen Methylethylketon, Methylvinylketon, Methacrolein und Methylglyoxal, PhD thesis, J. Gutenberg University, Mainz, 1992.
64. Rodenas, M.: Improvements in Spectroscopy Data Processing: Faster Production and Better Reliability of Laboratory Data, Report for ESF-INTROP Exchange Grants, available at: http://www.ceam.es/GVAceam/archivos/MRodenasINTROPReport.pdf (last access: 18 August 2014), 2008.
65. Rothman, L. S., Gordon, I. E., Barbe, A., Benner, D. C., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Campargue, A., Champion, J. P., Chance, K., Coudert, L. H., Dana, V., Devi, V. M., Fally, S., Flaud, J. M., Gamache, R. R., Goldman, A., Jacquemart, D., Kleiner, I., Lacome, N., Lafferty, W. J., Mandin, J. Y., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S. N., Miller, C. E., Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V. I., Perrin, A., Predoi-Cross, A., Rinsland, C. P., Rotger, M., Simeckov, M., Smith, M. A. H., Sung, K., Tashkun, S. A., Tennyson, J., Toth, R. A., Vandaele, A. C., and Vander Auwera, J.: The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 533-572, 2009.
66. Rothman, L., Gordon, I., Barber, R., Dothe, H., Gamache, R., Goldman, A., Perevalov, V., Tashkun, S., and Tennyson, J.: HITEMP, the high-temperature molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 111, 2139-2150, 2010.
67. Rothman, L. S., Gordon, I. E., Babikov, Y., Barbe, A., Chris Benner, D., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Bizzocchi, L., Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Campargue, A., Chance, K., Cohen, E. A., Coudert, L. H., Devi, V. M., Drouin, B. J., Fayt, A., Flaud, J. M., Gamache, R. R., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J. M., Hill, C., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Jolly, A., Lamouroux, J., Le Roy, R. J., Li, G., Long, D. A., Lyulin, O. M., Mackie, C. J., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S., Müller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Polovtseva, E. R., Richard, C., Smith, M. A. H., Starikova, E., Sung, K., Tashkun, S., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tyuterev, V. G., and Wagner, G.: The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 130, 4-50, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002, 2013.
68. Ryerson, T. B., Andrews, A. E., Angevine, W. M., Bates, T. S., Brock, C. A., Cairns, B., Cohen, R. C., Cooper, O. R., de Gouw, J. A., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Ferrare, R. A., Fischer, M. L., Flagan, R. C., Goldstein, A. H., Hair, J. W., Hardesty, R. M., Hostetler, C. A., Jimenez, J. L., Langford, A. O., McCauley, E., McKeen, S. A., Molina, L. T., Nenes, A., Oltmans, S. J., Parrish, D. D., Pederson, J. R., Pierce, R. B., Prather, K., Quinn, P. K., Seinfeld, J. H., Senff, C. J., Sorooshian, A., Stutz, J., Surratt, J. D., Trainer, M., Volkamer, R., Williams, E. J., and Wofsy, S. C.: The 2010 California research at the Nexus of air quality and climate change (CalNex) field study, J. Geophys. Res., 5830-5866, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50331, 2013.
69. Shetter, R. E., Davidson, J. A., Cantrell, C. A., and Calvert, J. G.: Temperature variable long path cell for absorptionmeasurements, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 58, 1427-1428, 1987.
70. Siese, M. and Zetzsch, C.: Addition of OH to Acetylene and Consecutive Reactions of the Adduct with O2, Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 188, 1-2, 75-89, doi:10.1524/zpch.1995.188.Part-1-2.075, 1995.
71. Sinreich, R., Volkamer, R., Filsinger, F., Frieß, U., Kern, C., Platt, U., Sebastián, O., and Wagner, T.: MAX-DOAS detection of glyoxal during ICARTT 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1293-1303, doi:10.5194/acp-7-1293-2007, 2007.
72. Sinreich, R., Coburn, S., Dix, B., and Volkamer, R.: Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11359-11371, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11359-2010, 2010.
73. Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., Kanakidou, M., Vrekoussis, M., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8431-8446, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8431-2009, 2009.
74. Talukdar, R. K., Zhu, L., Feierabend, K. J., and Burkholder, J. B.: Rate coefficients for the reaction of methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO) with OH and NO3 and glyoxal (HCO)2 with NO3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10837-10851, doi:10.5194/acp-11-10837-2011, 2011.
75. Thalman, R.: Development of Cavity Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CE-DOAS) and application to laboratory and field measurements of trace gases and aerosols, PhD dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, 235 pp., 2013.
76. Thalman, R. and Volkamer, R.: Inherent calibration of a blue LED-CE-DOAS instrument to measure iodine oxide, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide, water vapour and aerosol extinction in open cavity mode, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1797-1814, doi:10.5194/amt-3-1797-2010, 2010.
77. Thalman, R., Zarzana, K. J., Tolbert, M. A., and Volkamer, R.: Rayleigh scattering cross-section measurements of nitrogen, argon, oxygen and air, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 147, 171-177, 2014.
78. Topping, D., Connolly, P., and McFiggans, G.: Cloud droplet number enhanced by co-condensation of organic vapours, Nat. Geosci., 6, 443-446, 2013.
79. Tuazon, E. C. and Atkinson, R.: A product study of the gas-phase reaction of isoprene with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 22, 1221-1236, 1990a.
80. Tuazon, E. C. and Atkinson, R.: A product study of the gas-phase reaction of Methacrolein with the OH radical in the presence of NOx, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 22, 591-602, 1990b.
81. Vandaele, A. C., Hermans, C., Fally, S., Carleer, M., Colin, R., Merienne, M. F., Jenouvrier, A., and Coquart, B.: High-resolution Fourier transform measurement of the NO2 visible and nearinfared absorption cross sections: temperature and pressure effects, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4348, doi:10.1029/2001JD000971, 2002.
82. Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Shirley, T., and Brune, W. H.: DOAS measurement of glyoxal as an indicator for fast VOC chemistry in urban air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08806, doi:10.1029/2005GL022616, 2005a.
83. Volkamer, R., Spietz, P., Burrows, J., and Platt, U.: High-resolution absorption cross-section of glyoxal in the UV-vis and IR spectral ranges, J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 172, 35-46, 2005b.
84. Volkamer, R., San Martini, F., Molina, L. T., Salcedo, D., Jimenez, J. L., and Molina, M. J.: A missing sink for gas-phase glyoxal in Mexico City: formation of secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19807, doi:10.1029/2007GL030752, 2007.
85. Volkamer, R., Ziemann, P. J., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C2H2): seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1907-1928, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1907-2009, 2009.
86. Volkamer, R., Baidar, S., Campos, T. L., Coburn, S., DiGangi, J. P., Dix, B., Koenig, T. K., Ortega, I., Pierce, B. R., Reeves, M., Sinreich, R., Wang, S., Zondlo, M. A., and Romashkin, P. A.: Aircraft measurements of bromine monoxide, iodine monoxide, and glyoxal profiles in the tropics: comparison with ship-based and in situ measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 623-687, doi:10.5194/amtd-8-623-2015, 2015.
87. Washenfelder, R. A., Langford, A. O., Fuchs, H., and Brown, S. S.: Measurement of glyoxal using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7779-7793, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7779-2008, 2008.
88. Washenfelder, R. A., Young, C. J., Brown, S. S., Angevine, W. M., Atlas, E. L., Blake, D. R., Bon, D. M., Cubison, M. J., de Gouw, J. A., Dusanter, S., Flynn, J., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Griffith, S., Grossberg, N., Hayes, P. L., Jimenez, J. L., Kuster, W. C., Lefer, B. L., Pollack, I. B., Ryerson, T. B., Stark, H., Stevens, P. S., and Trainer, M. K.: The glyoxal budget and its contribution to organic aerosol for Los Angeles, California, during CalNex 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00V02, doi:10.1029/2011JD016314, 2011.
89. Waxman, E. M., Dzepina, K., Ervens, B., Lee-Taylor, J., Aumont, B., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., and Volkamer, R.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from semi-and intermediatevolatility organic compounds and glyoxal: relevance of O=C as a tracer for aqueous multiphase chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 978-982, 2013.
90. Wyche, K. P., Blake, R. S., Ellis, A. M., Monks, P. S., Brauers, T., Koppmann, R., and Apel, E. C.: Technical Note: Performance of Chemical Ionization Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (CIR-TOF-MS) for the measurement of atmospherically significant oxygenated volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 609-620, doi:10.5194/acp-7-609-2007, 2007.
91. Yu, J., Jeffries, H. E., and Sexton, K. G.: Atmospheric photooxidation of alkylbenzenes-I. Carbonyl product analyses, Atmos. Environ., 31, 2261-2280, 1997.
92. Yu, G., Bayer, A. R., Galloway, M. M., Korshavn, K. J., Fry, C. G., and Keutsch, F. N.: Glyoxal in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions: products, kinetics and hydration effects, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 6336-6342, 2011.
93. Zalicki, P. and Zare, R. N.: Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for quantitative absorption-measurements, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 2708-2717, 1995.