Overview of Endovascular Treatment and Revascularization Strategies in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Rational Basis for Clinical Translation in Stroke Therapy

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 23-40

  Mangiafico, Salvatore ^a   Consoli, Arturo ^a  

^a CAREGGI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928688242     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b16285-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (80)

1. Adams HP, Effron MB, Torner J et al. Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: Results of an international phase III trial: Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 2008;39:87-99.
2. Adhami F, Liao G, Morozov YM et al. Cerebral ischemia-hypoxia induces intravascular coagulation and autophagy. Am J Pathol 2006;169:566-583.
3. Ahmed N, Wahlgren N, Grond M et al. Implementation and outcome of thrombolysis with alteplase 3-4.5 h after an acute stroke: An updated analysis from SITS-ISTR. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:866-874.
4. Arnold M, Nedeltchev K, Schroth G et al. Clinical and radiological predictors of recanalisation and outcome of 40 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:857-862.
5. Bang OY, Saver JL, Buck BH et al. Impact of collateral flow on tissue fate in acute ischaemic stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:625-629.
6. Bang OY, Saver JL, Kim SJ et al. Collateral flow averts hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011a;42:2235-2239.
7. Bang OY, Saver JL, Kim SJ et al. Collateral flow predicts response to endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011b;42:693-699.
8. Barreto AD, Albright KC, Hallevi H et al. Thrombus burden is associated with clinical outcome after intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2008;9:3231-3235.
9. Bill O, Zufferey P, Faouzi M, Michel P. Severe stroke: Patient profile and predictors of favorable outcome. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:92-99.
10. Bosch X, Marrugat J. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers for percutaneous coronary revascularization, and unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001 (Online) CD002130. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002130.
11. Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM et al. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:893-903.
12. Castaño C, Dorado L, Guerrero C et al. Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device in large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation: A pilot study. Stroke 2010;41:1836-1840.
13. Cho K-H, Lee DH, Kwon SU et al. Factors and outcomes associated with recanalization timing after thrombolysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;33:255-261.
14. Christoforidis GA, Karakasis C, Mohammad Y, Caragine LP, Yang M, Slivka AP. Predictors of hemorrhage following intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: The role of pial collateral formation. Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:165-170.
15. Ciccone A, Abraha I, Santilli I. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006 (Online) CD005208. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005208.pub2 This is the reference as reported on Pubmed.
16. Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Ponzio M et al. Intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke? The SYNTHESIS pilot trial. J Neurointervent Surg 2010;2:74-79.
17. Costalat V, Lobotesis K, Machi P et al. Prognostic factors related to clinical outcome following thrombectomy in ischemic stroke (RECOST study). 50 patients prospective study. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:4075-4082.
18. Costalat V, Machi P, Lobotesis K et al. Rescue, combined, and stand-alone thrombectomy in the management of large vessel occlusion stroke using the solitaire device: A prospective 50-patient single-center study: Timing, safety, and efficacy. Stroke 2011;42:1929-1935.
19. Dávalos A, Pereira VM, Chapot R, Bonafé A, Andersson T, Gralla J. Retrospective multicenter study of Solitaire FR for revascularization in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:2699-2705.
20. Del Zoppo GJ. Virchow’s triad: The vascular basis of cerebral injury. Rev Neurol Dis 2008;5(Suppl 1):S12-S21.
21. Del Zoppo GJ, Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, Pessin MS, Rowley HA, Gent M. PROACT: A phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. PROACT Investigators. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. Stroke 1998;29:4-11.
22. Del Zoppo GJ, Mabuchi T. Cerebral microvessel responses to focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003;23:879-894.
23. Delgado-Mederos R, Rovira A, Alvarez-Sabín J et al. Speed of tPA-induced clot lysis predicts DWI lesion evolution in acute stroke. Stroke 2007;38:955-960.
24. Eckert B, Koch C, Thomalla G. et al. Aggressive therapy with intravenous abciximab and intra-arterial rtPA and additional PTA/stenting improves clinical outcome in acute vertebrobasilar occlusion: Combined local fibrinolysis and intravenous abciximab in acute vertebrobasilar stroke treatment. Stroke 2005;36:1160-1165.
25. Fischer U, Arnold M, Nedeltchev K et al. NIHSS score and arteriographic findings in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2005;36:2121-2125.
26. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1317-1329.
27. Haley EC, Levy DE, Brott TG et al. Urgent therapy for stroke. Part II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91-180 minutes from onset. Stroke 1992;23:641-645.
28. Hallevi H, Barreto AD, Liebeskind DS et al. Identifying patients at high risk for poor outcome after intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2009;40:1780-1785.
29. Hussein HM, Georgiadis AL, Vazquez G et al. Occurrence and predictors of futile recanalization following endovascular treatment among patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multicenter study. Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:454-458.
30. Kharitonova T, Thorén M, Ahmed N et al. Disappearing hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in ischaemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis: Clinical course and prognostic significance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009;80:273-278.
31. Khatri P, Abruzzo T, Yeatts SD, Nichols C, Broderick JP, Tomsick TA. Good clinical outcome after ischemic stroke with successful revascularization is time-dependent. Neurology 2009;73:1066-1072.
32. Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Alger JR et al. Design and rationale of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) trial. Int J Stroke, January 2014;9(1):110-6.
33. Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J et al. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:914-923.
34. Kim YS, Garami Z, Mikulik R, Molina CA, Alexandrov AV. Early recanalization rates and clinical outcomes in patients with tandem internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion and isolated middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 2005;36:869-871.
35. Kucinski T, Koch C, Eckert B et al. Collateral circulation is an independent radiological predictor of outcome after thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Neuroradiology 2003;45:11-18.
36. Lansberg MG, Straka M, Kemp S et al. MRI profile and response to endovascular reperfusion after stroke (DEFUSE 2): A prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:860-867.
37. Lee K-Y, Han SW, Kim SH et al. Early recanalization after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as assessed by pre- and post-thrombolytic angiography in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke 2007;38:192-193.
38. Lees KR, Bluhmki E, Von Kummer R et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: An updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet 2010;375:1695-1703.
39. Lewandowski CA, Frankel M, Tomsick TA et al. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) bridging trial. Stroke 1999;30:2598-2605.
40. Liebeskind DS. Collateral circulation. Stroke 2003;34:2279-2284.
41. Lisboa RC, Jovanovic BD, Alberts MJ. Analysis of the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2866-2871.
42. Malferrari G, Bertolino C, Casoni F et al. The eligible study: Ultrasound assessment in acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;24:469-476.
43. Mangiafico S, Cellerini M, Nencini P, Gensini G, Inzitari D. Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban) followed by intra-arterial urokinase and mechanical thrombolysis in stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2595-2601.
44. Mangiafico S, Consoli A, Renieri L, Rosi A, De Renzis A, Vignoli C, Capaccioli L. Semi-quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pial leptomeningeal collateral circulation in acute ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation: the Careggi Collateral Score Ital J Anat Embryol 2013, 118(3):277-87.
45. Mazighi M, Meseguer E, Labreuche J, Amarenco P. Bridging therapy in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2012;43:1302-1308.
46. Mazighi M, Serfaty J-M, Labreuche J et al. Comparison of intravenous alteplase with a combined intravenous-endovascular approach in patients with stroke and confirmed arterial occlusion (RECANALISE study): A prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:802-809.
47. Meyers PM, Schumacher HC, Connolly ES, Heyer EJ, Gray WA, Higashida RT. Current status of endovascular stroke treatment. Circulation 2011;123:2591-2601.
48. Mikulik R, Ribo M, Hill MD et al. Accuracy of serial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores to identify artery status in acute ischemic stroke. Circulation 2007;115:2660-2665.
49. Mokin M, Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O et al. Intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with internal carotid artery occlusion: A systematic review of clinical outcomes. Stroke 2012;43:2362-2368.
50. Molina CA, Montaner J, Arenillas JF, Ribo M, Rubiera M, Alvarez-Sabín J. Differential pattern of tissue plasminogen activator-induced proximal middle cerebral artery recanalization among stroke subtypes. Stroke 2004;35:486-490.
51. Nagel S, Schellinger PD, Hartmann M et al. Therapy of acute basilar artery occlusion: Intraarterial thrombolysis alone vs bridging therapy. Stroke 2009;40:140-146.
52. Nakano S, Iseda T, Yoneyama T, Kawano H, Wakisaka S. Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for acute middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion: An alternative option to intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke 2002;33:2872-2876.
53. Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R et al. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): A randomised trial. Lancet 2012;380:1231-1240.
54. Nogueira RG, Smith WS, Sung G et al. Effect of time to reperfusion on clinical outcome of anterior circulation strokes treated with thrombectomy: Pooled analysis of the MERCI and Multi MERCI trials. Stroke 2011;42:3144-3149.
55. Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators. The penumbra pivotal stroke trial: Safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke 2009;40:2761-2768.
56. Pranevicius O, Pranevicius M, Pranevicius H, Liebeskind DS. Transition to collateral flow after arterial occlusion predisposes to cerebral venous steal. Stroke 2012;43:575-579.
57. Puetz V, Dzialowski I, Hill MD et al. Malignant profile detected by CT angiographic information predicts poor prognosis despite thrombolysis within three hours from symptom onset. Cerebrovasc Dis 2010;29:584-591.
58. Rai AT, Jhadhav Y, Domico J, Hobbs GR. Procedural predictors of outcome in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012;35:1332-1339.
59. Rha J-H, Saver JL. The impact of recanalization on ischemic stroke outcome: A meta-analysis. Stroke 2007;38:967-973.
60. Ribo M, Alvarez-Sabín J, Montaner J et al. Temporal profile of recanalization after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: Selecting patients for rescue reperfusion techniques. Stroke 2006;37:1000-1004.
61. Riedel CH, Zimmermann P, Jensen-Kondering U, Stingele R, Deuschl G, Jansen O. The importance of size: Successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length. Stroke 2011;42:1775-1777.
62. Rubiera M, Ribo M, Pagola J et al. Bridging intravenous-intra-arterial rescue strategy increases recanalization and the likelihood of a good outcome in nonresponder intravenous tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients: A case-control study. Stroke 2011;42:993-997.
63. Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI et al. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;379:2352-2363.
64. San Román L, Obach V, Blasco J et al. Single-center experience of cerebral artery thrombectomy using the TREVO device in 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:1657-1659.
65. Saqqur M, Uchino K, Demchuk AM et al. Site of arterial occlusion identified by transcranial Doppler predicts the response to intravenous thrombolysis for stroke. Stroke 2007;38:948-954.
66. Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy EI et al. Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT): A randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012;380:1241-1249.
67. Shaltoni HM, Albright KC, Gonzales NR et al. Is intra-arterial thrombolysis safe after full-dose intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke? Stroke 2007;38:80-84.
68. Shi Z-S, Loh Y, Walker G, Duckwiler GR. Clinical outcomes in middle cerebral artery trunk occlusions versus secondary division occlusions after mechanical thrombectomy: Pooled analysis of the Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) and Multi MERCI trials. Stroke 2010a;41:953-960.
69. Shi Z-S, Loh Y, Walker G, Duckwiler GR. Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in failed intravenous tissue plasminogen activator versus non-intravenous tissue plasminogen activator patients: Revascularization and outcomes stratified by the site of arterial occlusions. Stroke 2010b;41:1185-1192.
70. Siebler M, Hennerici MG, Schneider D et al. Safety of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke: The SaTIS trial. Stroke 2011;42:2388-2392.
71. Smith WS. Safety of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Results of the multi Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) trial, part I. Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:1177-1182.
72. Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke 2008;39:1205-1212.
73. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S et al. Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: Results of the MERCI trial. Stroke 2005;36:1432-1438.
74. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Effect of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on ischemic stroke lesion size measured by computed tomography. Stroke 2000;31:2912-2919.
75. Tomsick TA. 2006: A stroke odyssey. Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:2019-2021.
76. Wahlgren N. Systemic thrombolysis in clinical practice: What have we learned after the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke monitoring study? Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;27(Suppl 1):168-176.
77. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): An observational study. Lancet 2007;369:275-282
78. Wechsler LR, Roberts R, Furlan AJ et al. Factors influencing outcome and treatment effect in PROACT II. Stroke 2003;34:1224-1229.
79. Wolfe T, Suarez JI, Tarr RW et al. Comparison of combined venous and arterial thrombolysis with primary arterial therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;17:121-128.
80. Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Goussev A et al. Cerebral microvascular obstruction by fibrin is associated with upregulation of PAI-1 acutely after onset of focal embolic ischemia in rats. J Neurosci 1999;19:10898-10907.