Enhanced energy conversion of up-conversion solar cells by the integration of compound parabolic concentrating optics

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 140, Issue , 2015, Pages 217-223

  Arnaoutakis, Georgios E ^a   Marques Hueso, Jose ^a   Ivaturi, Aruna ^a   Fischer, Stefan ^b   Goldschmidt, Jan C ^b   Krämer, Karl W ^c   Richards, Bryce S ^d,e  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^d KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^e KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Compound parabolic concentrator; Erbium; Integrated optics; Photovoltaics; Silicon; Up conversion

Indexed keywords

ENERGY GAP; ERBIUM; ERBIUM COMPOUNDS; INTEGRATED OPTICS; LIGHT; LIGHT EMISSION; PHOSPHORS; PHOTONS; SILICON; SILICON COMPOUNDS; SILICON SOLAR CELLS;

BIFACIAL SILICON SOLAR CELL; COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR; ENHANCED ENERGY CONVERSIONS; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; HIGH COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SUB-BAND GAP ILLUMINATIONS; UP CONVERSION;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84928657231     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.020     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. C. Strümpel, M. McCann, G. Beaucarne, V. Arkhipov, A. Slaoui, V. Švrček, C. Del Cañizo, and I. Tobias Modifying the solar spectrum to enhance silicon solar cell efficiency - an overview of available materials Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91 2007 238 249
2. E. Klampaftis, D. Ross, K.R. McIntosh, and B.S. Richards Enhancing the performance of solar cells via luminescent down-shifting of the incident spectrum: a review Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2009 1182 1194
3. X. Huang, S. Han, W. Huang, and X. Liu Enhancing solar cell efficiency: the search for luminescent materials as spectral converters Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 2013 173 201
4. W. Shockley, and H.J. Queisser Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 32 1961 510 519
5. A.C. Atre, and J.A. Dionne Realistic upconverter-enhanced solar cells with non-ideal absorption and recombination efficiencies J. Appl. Phys. 110 2011 034505
6. C.M. Johnson, and G.J. Conibeer Limiting efficiency of generalized realistic c-Si solar cells coupled to ideal up-converters J. Appl. Phys. 112 2012 103108
7. T. Trupke, M. Green, and P. Würfel Improving solar cell efficiencies by up-conversion of sub-band-gap light J. Appl. Phys. 92 2002 4117 4122
8. M. Pollnau, D. Gamelin, S. Lüthi, H. Güdel, and M. Hehlen Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems Phys. Rev. B 61 2000 3337
9. S.K.W. MacDougall, A. Ivaturi, J. Marques-Hueso, K.W. Krämer, and B.S. Richards Broadband photoluminescent quantum yield optimisation of Er3+-doped β-NaYF4 for upconversion in silicon solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 128 2014 18 26
10. A. Boccolini, J. Marques-Hueso, and B.S. Richards Self-absorption in upconverter luminescent layers: impact on quantum yield measurements and on designing optimized photovoltaic devices Opt. Lett. 39 2014 2904 2907
11. C. Gueymard, D. Myers, and K. Emery Proposed reference irradiance spectra for solar energy systems testing Sol. Energy 73 2002 443 467
12. R.M. Swanson The promise of concentrators Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 8 2000 93 111
13. A. Shalav, B.S. Richards, T. Trupke, K.W. Krämer, and H.U. Güdel Application of NaYF4:Er3+ up-converting phosphors for enhanced near-infrared silicon solar cell response Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 2005 013505
14. S. Fischer, J.C. Goldschmidt, P. Löper, G.H. Bauer, R. Brüggemann, K.W. Krämer, D. Biner, M. Hermle, and S.W. Glunz Enhancement of silicon solar cell efficiency by upconversion: optical and electrical characterization J. Appl. Phys. 108 2010 044912
15. R. Sinton, Y. Kwark, J. Gan, and R.M. Swanson 27.5-percent silicon concentrator solar cells IEEE Electron Device Lett. 7 1986 567 569
16. A. Mohr, T. Roth, and S.W. Glunz BICON: high concentration PV using one axis tracking and silicon concentrator cells Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 14 2006 663 674
17. R. Winston, J.C. Miñano, and P.G. Benitez Nonimaging Optics 2005 Academic Press Amsterdam/Boston, MA
18. H. Mertens, and A. Polman Plasmon-enhanced erbium luminescence Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 2006 211107
19. T. Aisaka, M. Fujii, and S. Hayashi Enhancement of upconversion luminescence of Er doped Al2O3 films by Ag island films Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 2008 132105
20. E. Verhagen, L. Kuipers, and A. Polman Field enhancement in metallic subwavelength aperture arrays probed by erbium upconversion luminescence Opt. Express 17 2009 14586 14598
21. S. Fischer, F. Hallermann, T. Eichelkraut, G. von Plessen, K.W. Krämer, D. Biner, H. Steinkemper, M. Hermle, and J.C. Goldschmidt Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence near gold nanoparticles - simulation and analysis of the interactions Opt. Express 20 2012 271 282
22. S. Fischer, F. Hallermann, T. Eichelkraut, G. von Plessen, K.W. Krämer, D. Biner, H. Steinkemper, M. Hermle, and J.C. Goldschmidt Plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence near gold nanoparticles - simulation and analysis of the interactions: errata Opt. Express 21 2013 10606 10611
23. A.C. Atre, A. García-Etxarri, H. Alaeian, and J.A. Dionne Toward high-efficiency solar upconversion with plasmonic nanostructures J. Opt. 14 2012 024008
24. C. Johnson, P. Reece, and G. Conibeer Theoretical and experimental evaluation of silicon photonic structures for enhanced erbium up-conversion luminescence Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 112 2013 168 181
25. B. Herter, S. Wolf, S. Fischer, J. Gutmann, B. Bläsi, and J.C. Goldschmidt Increased upconversion quantum yield in photonic structures due to local field enhancement and modification of the local density of states - a simulation-based analysis Opt. Express 21 2013 A883 A900
26. J. Morton, J. Marques-Hueso, B.S. Richards, Enhanced up-conversion for photovoltaics using 2D photonic crystals, in: OSA Renewable Energy and the Environment Congress-Optical Instrumentation for Energy and Environmental Applications, Optical Society of America, Tucson, Arizona United States, 2013, pp. JM3A. 19.
27. K.Q. Le, and S. John Synergistic plasmonic and photonic crystal light-trapping: architectures for optical up-conversion in thin-film solar cells Opt. Express 22 2014 A1 A12
28. C. Strümpel Application of Erbium-doped Up-converters to Silicon Solar Cells 2007 Universität Konstanz Konstanz, Germany 119 122
29. J.C. Goldschmidt, P. Loper, S. Fischer, S. Janz, M. Peters, S.W. Glunz, G. Willeke, E. Lifshitz, K.W. Krämer, D. Biner, Advanced upconverter systems with spectral and geometric concentration for high upconversion efficiencies, in: IEEE Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, IEEE, Sydney, SA, 2008, pp. 307-311.
30. T.F. Schulze, Y.Y. Cheng, T. Khoury, M.J. Crossley, B. Stannowski, K. Lips, and T.W. Schmidt Micro-optical design of photochemical upconverters for thin-film solar cells J. Photonics Energy 3 2013 034598
31. G.E. Arnaoutakis, J. Marques-Hueso, A. Ivaturi, K.W. Krämer, S. Fischer, J.C. Goldschmidt, and B.S. Richards Enhanced up-conversion for photovoltaics via concentrating integrated optics Opt. Express 22 2014 A452 A464
32. M. Peters, J.C. Goldschmidt, and B. Bläsi Angular confinement and concentration in photovoltaic converters Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 1393 1398
33. E.D. Kosten, J.H. Atwater, J. Parsons, A. Polman, and H.A. Atwater Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle Light: Sci. Appl. 2 2013 e45
34. M.A. Green Radiative efficiency of state-of-the-art photovoltaic cells Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 20 2012 472 476
35. O.D. Miller, E. Yablonovitch, and S.R. Kurtz Strong internal and external luminescence as solar cells approach the Shockley-Queisser limit IEEE J. Photovolt. 2 2012 303 311
36. J. Gordon, J. Ballato, D.W. Smith, and J. Jin Optical properties of perfluorocyclobutyl polymers. III. Spectroscopic characterization of rare-earth-doped perfluorocyclobutyl polymers J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22 2005 1654 1659
37. M. Rüdiger, S. Fischer, J. Frank, A. Ivaturi, B.S. Richards, K.W. Krämer, M. Hermle, and J.C. Goldschmidt Bifacial n-type silicon solar cells for upconversion applications Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 128 2014 57 68
38. K.W. Krämer, D. Biner, G. Frei, H.U. Güdel, M.P. Hehlen, and S.R. Luthi Hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride based green and blue emitting upconversion phosphors Chem. Mater. 16 2004 1244 1251
39. A. Ivaturi, S.K.W. MacDougall, R. Martín-Rodríguez, M. Quintanilla, J. Marques-Hueso, K.W. Krämer, A. Meijerink, and B.S. Richards Optimizing infrared to near infrared upconversion quantum yield of β-NaYF4:Er3+ in fluoropolymer matrix for photovoltaic devices J. Appl. Phys. 114 2013 013505
40. G.E. Arnaoutakis, J. Marques-Hueso, T.K. Mallick, and B.S. Richards Coupling of sunlight into optical fibres and spectral dependence for solar energy applications Sol. Energy 93 2013 235 243
41. G.E. Arnaoutakis, J. Marques-Hueso, A. Ivaturi, K.W. Krämer, T.K. Mallick, B.S. Richards, Enhancement of upconversion for photovoltaics with β-NaYF4:Er3+ and concentrating integrated optics, in: OSA Renewable Energy and the Environment Congress-Optical Nanostructures and Advanced Materials for Photovoltaics, Optical Society of America, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 2013, pp. PT3C. 4.
42. M. Pollnau, P. Hardman, W. Clarkson, and D. Hanna Upconversion, lifetime quenching, and ground-state bleaching in Nd3+:LiYF4 Opt. Commun. 147 1998 203 211
43. G. Blasse, and B. Grabmaier Luminescent materials 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin/New York
44. F. Auzel Upconversion and anti-Stokes processes with f and d ions in solids Chem. Rev. 104 2004 139 174
45. S. Fischer, A. Ivaturi, B. Fröhlich, M. Rudiger, A. Richter, K.W. Krämer, B.S. Richards, and J.C. Goldschmidt Upconverter silicon solar cell devices for efficient utilization of sub-band-gap photons under concentrated solar radiation IEEE J. Photovolt. 4 2014 183 189
46. J. Wang, T. Ming, Z. Jin, J. Wang, L.-D. Sun, and C.-H. Yan Photon energy upconversion through thermal radiation with the power efficiency reaching 16% Nat. Commun. 5 2014 5669
47. R. Martín-Rodríguez, S. Fischer, A. Ivaturi, B. Froehlich, K.W. Krämer, J.C. Goldschmidt, B.S. Richards, and A. Meijerink Highly efficient IR to NIR upconversion in Gd2O2S:Er3+ for photovoltaic applications Chem. Mater. 25 2013 1912 1921
48. S. Fischer, J.C. Goldschmidt, E. Favilla, and M. Tonelli Record efficient upconverter solar cell devices with optimized bifacial silicon solar cells and monocrystalline BaY2F8:30%Er3+ upconverter Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 136 2015 127 134
49. L.C. Hirst, and N.J. Ekins-Daukes Fundamental losses in solar cells Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 19 2011 286 293
50. M.A. Green Solar cells: operating principles, technology, and system applications 1982 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ
51. J.H. Atwater, P. Spinelli, E. Kosten, J. Parsons, C. Van Lare, J. Van de Groep, J.G. de Abajo, A. Polman, and H.A. Atwater Microphotonic parabolic light directors fabricated by two-photon lithography Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 2011 151113
52. J. De Wild, J.K. Rath, A. Meijerink, W.G.J.H.M. Van Sark, and R.E.I. Schropp Enhanced near-infrared response of a-Si: H solar cells with β-NaYF4:Yb3+(18%), Er3+(2%) upconversion phosphors Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 2395 2398