American women authors and literary property, 1822–1869

American Women Authors and Literary Property, 1822-1869

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-272

  Homestead, Melissa J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928647821     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511497919     Document Type: Book

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78. Lydia Maria Child, Ellis Gray Loring, 30 Jan. 1836, in Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland, eds., Lydia Maria Child, Selected Letters, 1817-1880 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982), 44-5
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80. Lydia Maria Child, Park Benjamin, 30 May 1836, in Holland and Meltzer, eds., The Collected Correspondence of Lydia Maria Child, 1817-1880 (Millwood, NY: Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited, KTO Microform, 1979), 97-2.
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84. David L. Child registered the copyright in the District of Massachusetts on 12 Nov. 1829.
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106. American Copyright League, What American Authors Think About International Copyright (New York: American Copyright League, 1888), 7.
107. Edward Eggleston, “The Blessings of Piracy”, Century Magazine, Apr. 1882, 945.
108. Bm, “Open Letter: Another Side of the Copyright Question”, Century Magazine, July 1885, 489.
109. E. L. Godkin, “Law and Theft”, Nation, 12 Feb. 1891, 130-1.
110. Brander Matthews, AmericanAuthors and British Pirates (NewYork: TheAmerican Copyright League, 1889), 7.
111. Ellen Weinauer, “Alternative Economies”, 169.
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118. Caroline Norton, English Laws for Women in the Nineteenth Century (London, 1854), 19.
119. Caroline Norton, ed. James O. Hoge and Jane Marcus (New York: Scholar's Facsimiles & Reprints, 1978). Hereinafter cited in the text.
120. Joan Perkin Caroline Francis Cornwallis prodding her British audience toaccept reform by pointing to the example of the United States. “The Property of Married Women”, Westminster Review 10, no. 2 (1856): 351-3.
121. Joan Perkin Cornwallis's article reproduced the petition in a footnote. “Property of Married Women”, 336-8.
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123. Senate Committee on Patents, Memorial of a Number Citizens of New York, Praying the Passage of an International Copyright Law, 25th Cong., 2nd sess., 24 Apr. 1838, S. Doc. 399, 1-2.
124. Henry Cruse Murphy, Brooklyn City Attorney Samuel Swartout, Collector of the Port of New York. All these signers except Mathews may be found in Dumas Malone, ed., Dictionary of American Biography (New York: Scriber's, 1935).
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128. Ezra Greenspan, George Palmer Putnam: Representative American Publisher (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000)
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130. Catharine E. Beecher, An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism, with Reference to the Duty of American Females (Philadelphia: Henry Perkins, 1837), 104-5.
131. Catharine E. Beecher Sedgwick expresses views similar to Beecher's in Means and Ends; or, Self-Training (Boston: Marsh, Capen, Lyon & Webb, 1839), 253.
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135. Deborah Bingham Van Broekhoven, “‘Let Your Names Be Enrolled’: Method and Ideology in Women's Antislavery Petitioning”, in The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women's Political Culture in Antebellum America, eds. Jean Fagan Yellin and John C. Van Horne (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), 179-99.
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137. Nancy Isenberg, Sex and Citizenship in AntebellumAmerica (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 105.
138. Linda K. Kerber, “‘May All Our Citizens Be Soldiers, and All Our Soldiers Citizens’: The Ambiguities ofFemale Citizenship in the New Nation”, in Arms at Rest: Peacemaking and Peacekeeping in American History, ed. Joan R. Challinor and Robert L. Beisner (New York: Greenwood Press, 1987), 4-5.
139. Kerber, “The Paradox of Women's Citizenship in the Early Republic: The Case of Martin vs. Massachusetts, 1805”, American Historical Review 97, no. 3 (1992): 349-78;.
140. Mary Kelley, Private Woman, Public Stage: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984).
141. The Power of Her Sympathy: The Autobiography andJournal of Catharine Maria Sedgwick, ed. Mary Kelley (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society/Northeastern University Press, 1993), 36
142. Melissa J. Homestead, “Behind the Veil? Catharine Sedgwick and Anonymous Publication,” in Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives, ed. Lucinda Damon-Bach and Victoria Clements (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2003), 19-35.
143. Nancy Cott, “Marriage and Women's Citizenship in the United States, 1830-1934”, American Historical Review 10, no. 5 (1998): 1453.
144. Meredith L. McGill, American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834-1853 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003).
145. Grantland Rice, “utilitarian.” The Transformation ofAuthorship inAmerica (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1997), 76-8.
146. Philip Gould, “Catharine Sedgwick's ‘Recital’ of the Pequot War”, American Literature 66, no. 4 (1994): 641-62.
147. Elizabeth Barnes, States of Sympathy: Seduction and Democracy in theAmerican Novel (NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1997)
148. Judith Fetterley, “‘My Sister! My Sister!’: The Rhetoric of Catharine Sedgwick's Hope Leslie”, American Literature 70, no. 3 (1998): 491-516.
149. Maria Karafilis, “Catharine Sedgwick's Hope Leslie: The Crisis between Ethical Political Action and U.S. Literary Nationalism in the New Republic”, American Transcendental Quarterly 12, no. 4 (1998): 327-44.
150. Gustavus Stadler, “Magawisca's Body of Knowledge: Nation-Building in Hope Leslie”, Yale Journal of Criticism 12, no. 1 (1999): 41-56.
151. Sarah Robbins, “‘The Future Good and Great of Our Land’: Republican Mothers, Female Authors, and Domesticated Literacy in Antebellum New England”, New England Quarterly 75, no. 4 (2002): 562-91.
152. Quentin Miller, “‘A Tyranically Democratic Force’: The Symbolic and Cultural Function of Clothing in Catharine Maria Sedgwick's Hope Leslie”, Legacy 19, no. 2 (2002): 121-36;.
153. Deborah Gussman, “‘Equal to Either Fortune’: Sedgwick's Married or Single? and Feminism”, in Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives, 252-67.
154. Susan K. Harris, “The Limits of Authority: Catharine Maria Sedgwick and the Politics of Resistance”, in Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives, 272-85.
155. Susan K. Harris, “Introduction”, A New-England Tale (New York: Penguin, 2004), vii-xxii.
156. Patricia Larson Kalayjian, “Disinterest as Moral Corrective in Clarence's Cultural Critique”, in Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives, 104-17.
157. N.P Willis: “I would venture to speculate that the woman author's very abstraction from the market might be related to her success within it.” “An Idle Industry: Nathaniel ParkerWillis and theWorkings ofLiterary Leisure”, American Quarterly 49, no. 4 (1997).
158. N.P Willis Catharine Maria Sedgwick to Susan Higginson Channing, [May/June] 1822, in Mary P. Dewey, ed., Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick (New York: Harper, 1871), 153-4.
159. James Herring, James B. Longacre, and American Academy of the Fine Arts, eds., The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, vol. 1 (New York: Monson Bancroft, 1834).
160. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, A New-England Tale; or Sketches of New-England Character and Manners, ed. Victoria Clements (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 51.
161. Daniel P. Buchanan, “Tares in the Wheat: Puritan Violence and Puritan Families in the Nineteenth-Century Liberal Imagination”, Religion and American Culture 8, no. 2 (1998): 205-36.
162. Harris, “Introduction”. For the faults of Mrs. Wilson's theology and child rearing, Barnes, States of Sympathy, 80-2.
163. Susan K. Harris, 19th-Century American Women's Novels: Interpretive Strategies (New York: Cambridge, 1990).
164. James Fenimore Cooper's unsigned review of A New-England Tale in The Literary and Scientific Repository, May 1822, 340.
165. James Fenimore Early Critical Essays, 1820-1822, ed. James F Beard, Jr. (Gainesville, FL: Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, 1955).
166. James Fenimore, Redwood in Atlantic Magazine, July 1824, 236
167. James Fenimore, The Travellers in New York Review & Athenaeum Magazine, June 1825, 34-5
168. James Fenimore, Hope Leslie in Western Monthly Review, Sept. 1827, 289
169. James Fenimore, The Linwoods in North American Review, Jan. 1836, 194.
170. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Redwood (New York: E. Bliss & E. White, 1824), 2:152.
171. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Clarence; or, a Tale of Our Times (Philadelphia: Carey & Lea, 1830), 2:45
172. James F Beard, Jr. (Gainesville, FL: Scholars‘ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1955).
173. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Clarence; or, a Tale of Our Times (Philadelphia: Carey & Lea, 1830), 2:45.
174. HeatherMacFayden, “Lady Delacour's Library: Maria Edgeworth's Belinda and Fashionable Reading”, Nineteenth-Century Literature 48, no. 4 (1994) 423-39.
175. Thomas G. Voss (New York: Fordham University Press, 1977), 246-7.
176. William Cullen Bryant, An Address to the People of the United States in Behalf of the American Copy-right Club, Adopted at New-York, October 18, 1843 (New York: American Copyright Club, 1843), 11
177. William Cullen Bryant, “The Home Library,” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 42, no. 2 (1948): 111-12.
178. Bryant. Letters ofWilliam Cullen Bryant, Vol II: 1836-1849, ed. William Cullen Bryant II and Thomas G. Voss (New York: Fordham University Press, 1977), 246-7.
179. James Fenimore Cooper, ed. James Franklin Beard (Cambridge: Belknap, i960), 1:136.
180. Martin Buinicki, “Negotiating Copyright: Authorship and the Discourse of Literary Property Rights in Nineteenth-Century America,” PhD diss., University of Iowa, 2003, chap. i.
181. “Dinner to the Hon. Gulian C. Verplanck,” New York Evening Post, 30 Apr. 1831
182. Richard D. Birdsall, “William Cullen Bryant and Catherine [sic] Sedgwick -Their Debt to the Berkshire,” NewEngland Quarterly 28, no. 3 (1955): 349-71
183. Robert B. Sargent, “Anglo-American Encounter: William Cullen Bryant, Dickens, and Others,” in William Cullen Bryant and His America: Centennial Conference Proceedings 1878-1978, ed. Stanley Brodwin and Michael D'Innocenzo (New York: AMS Press, 1983), 179-96
184. Stanley Brodwin and Michael D‘Innocenzo (New York: AMS Press, 1983), 179-96.
185. Trevor Ross, “Copyrightand the Invention ofTradition”, Eighteenth-Century Studies 26, no. 1 (1992): 14-15.
186. James J. Barnes, Authors, Publishers, and Politicians, 56-60
187. Grenville A. Sackett, Plea for Authors, and the Rights of Literary Property. By an American (New York: Adlard & Saunders, 1838), 18.
188. Michael Newbury (Figuring Authorship in Antebellum American [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997], 225n.)
189. Cornelius Mathews, The Better Interests ofthe Country, in Connexion with International Copy-right (New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1843), 12
190. H. R. Cleveland, “My Prisons; Memoirs of Silvio Pellico of Saluzzo”, North American Review, Jan. 1837, 134.
191. New Evening York Post, reprinted in William Cullen Bryant II, ed., Power for Sanity: Selected Editorials of William Cullen Bryant, 1829-1861 (New York: Fordham University Press, 1994), 57.
192. Nicholas Knowles Bromell, By the Sweat of the Brow: Literature and Labor in Antebellum America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
193. Francis Lieber, On International Copyright, in a Letter to the Hon William C. Preston, Senator of the United States (New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1840), 44.
194. Thomas N. Baker, Sentiment and Celebrity: Nathaniel Parker Willis and the Trials of Literary Fame (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), chap. 3
195. Richard Brodhead, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993) 45.
196. Sackett, Plea Sedgwick's reputation as a “national author” classed with Irving, Bryant, Paulding, Cooper, and Hawthorne, see “The New Copyright Law”, American Monthly Magazine, Feb. 1838, 107-8.
197. Sackett, Plea Catharine Maria Sedgwick to Charles Sedgwick, 17 Mar. 1830, 204-5.
198. Judith Fetterleys‘ description of Sedgwick's turn to didacticism: “[S]uch works fit more comfortably into Sedgwick's definition of appropriately feminine behavior than did success as a major novelist”. Provisions: A Reader from 19th-Century American Women (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 44.
199. Richard Brodhead, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), 45.
200. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Home, or Scenes and Characters Illustrating Christian Truth (Boston and Cambridge: James Munroe & Co., 1835), 8-9 (hereinafter cited in the text).
201. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Live and Let Live; or, Domestic Service Illustrated (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1837), 190.
202. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1836), 105, 174-5.
203. Lori Merish, Sentimental Materialism: Gender, Commodity Culture, and Nineteenth-Century American Literature (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000), 127.
204. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Means and Ends: Or, Self-Training (Boston: Marsh, Capen, Lyon & Webb, 1839), 222 (hereinafter cited in the text).
205. Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841), ix.
206. Damon-Bach, Allison J. Roepsch, and Homestead, “Chronological Bibliography of the Works of CatharineMaria Sedgwick”, in CatharineMaria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives, 297-8.
207. Allison J. Roepsch Dr. Cummings to Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Aug. 1851, 222.
208. Allison J. Roepsch, “Copyright Law. No. 3”, American Monthly Magazine, Oct. 1837, 376.
209. David Paul Nord, “The Evangelical Origins of the Mass Media in America, 1815-1835”, Journalism Monographs 88 (1984): 1 -31.
210. E. Jennifer Monaghan, A Common Heritage: Noah Webster's Blue-Back Speller (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1983).
211. International Copyright Association, International Copyright: Meeting of Authors and Publishers (New York: International Copyright Association, 1868), 9.
212. William Glyde Wilkins, Charles Dickens in America (London: Chapman & Hall, 1911), 127.
213. Sidney P Moss, Charles Dickens‘ Quarrel with America (Troy, NY: Whitson, 1984).
214. J. G. Palfrey, “Petition of Certain Legal Voters of Boston and Its Vicinity to the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives in Congress Assembled, Praying for the Passage of an International Copyright Law,” North American Review, July 1842, 246
215. Jerome Meckier, Innocent Abroad: Charles Dickens's American Engagements (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990);.
216. Alexander Welsh, From Copyright to Copperfield: The Identity of Dickens (Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress, 1987);.
217. Bryce Traister, “The Wandering Bachelor: Irving, Masculinity, and Authorship”, American Literature 74, no. 1 (2002): 111-37.
218. Bryce Traister Catharine Maria Sedgwick to Orville Dewey, 26 Feb. 1842, in Dewey, Life, 280-1.
219. Wilma S. Davis, ed., Decisions of the United States Courts Involving Copyright and Literary Property 1789-1909 (Washington, DC: United States Copyright Office, 1980), 2482-6.
220. John J. Weisert, “Lewis N. Dembitz and Onkel Tom's Hutte”, German American Review 19, no. 3 (1953): 7-8.
221. Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 29-31.
222. Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 214.
223. Patterson and Stanley Lindberg, The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users‘ Rights (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991), 76-7.
224. Alice Schreyer, “Copyright and Books in Nineteenth-CenturyAmerica”, in Getting the Books Out: Papers of the Chicago Conference on the Book in 19th-Century America, ed. Michael Hackenberg (Washington, DC: Center for the Book, Library of Congress, 1987), 127-8.
225. Peter Jaszi, “Toward a Theory of Copyright: The Metamorphoses of‘Authorship’”, Duke Law Journal, 1991, 477.
226. Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi, “The Law of Texts: Copyright in the Academy”, College English 57, no. 7 (1995): 772.
227. Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox (New York: Hill & Wang, 1994), 57.
228. Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference (London: Routledge, 1998), 57-8.
229. Thorvald Solberg, ed., Copyright Enactments of the United States, 1783-1906 (Washington, DC: GovernmentPrinting Office, 1906), 46-7.
230. Siva Vaidhyanathan. Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity (New York: New York University Press, 2001), 49-50.
231. Charles Edward Stowe, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe Compiled from Her Letters and Journals (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1889), 156.
232. Susan Geary, “The Domestic Novel as a Commercial Commodity: Making a Best Seller in the 1850 s”, Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 70 (1976): 365-93.
233. Michael Winship, “‘The Greatest Book of Its Kind’: A Publishing History of‘Uncle Tom's Cabin’”, Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 109, no. 2 (1999): 309-32.
234. Susan Geary, “Harriet Beecher Stowe, John P Jewett, and Author-Publisher Relations in 1853”, Studies in the American Renaissance (1977): 345-67.
235. Susan Coultrap-McQuin, Doing Literary Business: American Women Writers in the Nineteenth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990).
236. Adam Seybert, Statistical Annals of the United States of America, Edinburgh Review 33 (Jan.-May 1820): 79-80.
237. Audrey Fisch, “Uncle Tom and Harriet Beecher Stowe in England”, in The Cambridge Companion to Harriet Beecher Stowe, ed. Cindy Weinstein (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 96-112.
238. Eaton Drone, Treatise on the Law of Property in Intellectual Productions in Great Britain and the United States (Boston: Little Brown, 1879), 455.
239. “Uncle Tom Abroad,” National Era, 24 Mar. 1853, 46.
240. Frances Willard, “Harriet Beecher Stowe at Home,” Chautauquan, Feb. 1888, 287.
241. James J. Barnes, Authors, Publishers and Politicians: The Quest for an Anglo-American Copyright Agreement, 1815-1854 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1974), chap. 9-12.
242. William Cullen Bryant, Francis L. Hawks, and Cornelius Mathews, An Address to the People of the United States in Behalf of the American Copyright Club (New York: American Copyright Club, 1843), 6-7.
243. William Cullen Bryant, Francis L. Hawks, and Cornelius Mathews, “Copyright and Natural Right-Letter from Harriet Beecher Stowe,” New York Daily Tribune, 16 Sep. 1852, 4.
244. Carla Hesse, “Enlightenment Epistemology and the Laws of Authorship in Revolutionary France, 1777-1793”, Representations 30 (Spring 1990): 109-37.
245. Molly Nesbit, “What Was an Author?” in Authorship: From Plato to the Postmodern, a Reader, ed, Sean Burke, 247-62 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995).
246. Martha Woodmansee, “The Genius and the Copyright: Economic and Legal Conditions of the Emergence of the ‘Author’”, Eighteenth-Century Studies 17, no. 4 (1984): 443, 429.
247. Carla Hesse, “The Rise of Intellectual Property, 700 b.c.-a.d. 2000: An Idea in the Balance”, Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 131 no. 2 (2002): 26-45.
248. Mark Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), 58.
249. Joseph Loewenstein, The Author's Due: Printing and the Prehistory of Copyright (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
250. Ben Jonson and Possessive Authorship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
251. Peter Jaszi and Martha Woodmansee, “The Ethical Reaches of Authorship”, South Atlantic Quarterly 95, no. 4 (1996): 947-77.
252. Catherine Gallagher, Nobody's Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 1670-1820 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 63.
253. Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi, eds., The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham: Duke University Press, 1994), 4-5.
254. Martha Woodmansee, “The Cultural Work of Copyright: Legislating Authorship in Britain 1837-1842”, in Law in the Domains of Culture, ed. Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 65-96.
255. Susan Eilenberg, “‘Mortal Pages’: Wordsworth and the Reform of Copyright”, English Literary History 56 (1989): 351-74.
256. Meredith L. McGill, American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834-1853 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003), 45-6.
257. Senate Join Committee on the Library, Report, 42nd Cong., 3rd sess., 7 Feb. 1873, S. Rpt. 409, 4
258. Andrew Dawson, “Reassessing Henry Carey (1793-1879): The Problem of Writing Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century America”, Journal of American Studies 34, no. 3 (2000): 465-85.
259. A. D. H. Kaplan, Henry Charles Carey: A Study in Economic Thought (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1931).
260. George Winston Smith, Henry C. Carey and American Sectional Conflict (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1951).
261. George Winston Smith, Slave Trade, Domestic and Foreign: Why It Exists, and How It May Be Extinguished (Philadelphia: A. Hart, 1853).
262. Henry C. Carey, Letters on International Copyright, 2nd ed. (New York: Hurd & Houghton, 1868), 37.
263. Forrest Wilson, Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1941), 331.
264. Robert E. Cazden, A Social History of the German Book Trade in America to the Civil War (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1984), 37.
265. E. Bruce Kirkham, Building Uncle Tom's Cabin (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977).
266. J. C. Derby, “[c]reating a story is like bearing a child, and it leaves me in as weak and helpless a state as when my baby was born”. Fifty Years among Authors, Books and Publishers (NewYork: G. W Carleton & Co., 1884), 521.
267. James Parton, Daughters of Genius: A Series of Sketches of Authors, Artists, Reformers, and Heroines, Queens, Princesses, and Women of Society, Women Eccentric and Peculiar (Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1888), 76-7.
268. E. P. Parker, “Harriet Beecher Stowe,” in Eminent Women of the Age, ed. James Parton (Hartford: S. M. Betts & Co., 1868), 312.
269. Charles Stowe, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, 174.
270. Mark Twain, Christian Science (New York: Harper, 1907), 143-4.
271. Harriet Beecher Stowe to Eliza Follen, 16 Feb. [1853 ], in Annie Fields, ed., Life and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1897), 176.
272. Michael Newbury, “Once again& the rights of literary ownership and the sense of the text as an ownable commodity were drastically circumscribed when they might equally well have been strengthened by the courts.” Figuring Authorship in Antebellum America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), 183.
273. “‘Uncle Tom’ at Law,” New-York Weekly Tribune, 16 Apr. 1853, 3.
274. Mark Rose, Authors and Owners, 78-82
275. Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective, 168-72
276. Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright, 12-15.
277. Charles Robson, ed., The Biographical Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania of the Nineteenth Century (Philadelphia: Galaxy Publishing Company, 1874), 51.
278. George William Curtis, “Defense of utilitarian rights.” The Transformation of Authorship in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 86.
279. George Ticknor Curtis, A Treatise on the Law of Copyright (Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown, 1847), vii.
280. Joan D. Hedrick documents Calvin Stowe's book-buying trips to Germany on behalf of academic libraries. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 99-101.
281. Bruce Levine, “Immigrants, Class, and Politics: German-American Working People and the Fight against Slavery”, in The German Forty-Eighters in the United States, ed. Charlotte L. Brancaforte (New York: Peter Lang, 1989), 119-40.
282. Levine, “Immigrant Workers, ‘Equal Rights,‘ and Anti-Slavery: The Germans of Newark, New Jersey”, Labor History 25, no. 1 (1984): 26-52.
283. Bruce Levine, “Free Soil, Free Labor, Freimanner: German Chicago in the Civil War Era,” in German Workers in Industrial Chicago, 1850-1910, A Comparative Perspective, ed. Hartmut Keil and John B. Jentz (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1983), 163-82.
284. Ken Fones-Wolf and Elliott Shore, “The German Press and Working-Class Politics in Gilded-Age Philadelphia,” in The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940, ed. Elliott Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf and James P. Danky (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992), 64-5.
285. Otto Reventlow, “‘Onkel Tom's Huttein‘ Deutschamerika”, Atlantische Studien no. 2 (1853): 204-6.
286. William Frederic Kamman, Socialism in German American Literature (Philadelphia: Germanica Press, 1917), 40.
287. A.E. Zucker, The Forty-Eighters: Political Refugees of the German Revolution of 1848 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1950), 276, 230.
288. Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952), 268-9.
289. Zucker, Forty-Eighters, 292. Wittke, Refugees of Revolution, 68-9.
290. Wittke, Refugees of Revolution, 68-9.
291. Carl Wittke, The German-Language Press in America (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1957), 40-1, 84, 141.
292. Stanley Nadel, “The Forty-Eighters and the Politics of Class in New York City,” in German Forty-Eighters, ed. Brancaforte, 51-66.
293. Jim O'Loughlin, “Articulating Uncle Tom's Cabin”, New Literary History 31, no. 3 (2000), 581.
294. Thomas F. Gossett, Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1985), chap. 14.
295. Saidiya V. Hartman, Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 24.
296. Gregg D. Crane, “Iconic power of her higher law images” as she “place[s] a fugitive at the door of every reader.” Race, Citizenship, and the Law in American Literature (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 60.
297. Hortense Spillers, “Changing the Letter: The Yokes, the Jokes of Discourse, or Mrs. Stowe, Mr. Reed”, in Uncle Tom's Cabin, Norton critical edition, ed. Elizabeth Ammons (New York: Norton, 1994), 545.
298. Meredith McGill's, American Literature, 74.
299. Carl B. Swisher, History of the Supreme Court of the United States, Vol. 5: The Taney Period 1836-64 (New York: Macmillan, 1974), 572.
300. Frank Otto Gatell, “Robert C. Grier”, in TheJustices ofthe United States Supreme Court, Their Lives and Major Opinions, ed. Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel (New York: Chelsea House, 1969), 2:873-83.
301. Robert A. Carp and Ronald Stidham, The Federal Courts, 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1998), 16-17.
302. Paul Finkelman, An Imperfect Union: Slavery, Federalism, and Comity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 251-5.
303. Joseph Story, Commentaries on Equity Jurisprudence, vol. 2. (Boston: Hilliard, Gray & Co., 1836), II:2i3.
304. Richard G. Swartz, “Patrimony and the Figuration of Authorship in the Eighteenth-Century Literary Property Debates”, Works and Days 7, no. 2 (1989): 29-54.
305. Mark Rose, “Mothers and Authors: Johnson v Calvert and the New Children of Our Imaginations”, Critical Inquiry 22, no. 4 (1996): 613-33.
306. Elizabeth Ammons, “Heroines in Uncle Tom's Cabin”, American Literature 49, no. 2 (1977): 161-79.
307. Jane P. Tompkins, Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
308. Gillian Brown, Domestic Individualism: Imagining Self in Nineteenth Century America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
309. Lori Merish, “Sentimental Consumption: Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Aesthetics of Middle-Class Ownership,” American Literary History 8, no. 1 (1996): 1-33
310. Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture (New York: Knopf, 1977), 3-5
311. Richard Brodhead, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 8.
312. Lori Merish, Sentimental Materialism: Gender, Commodity Culture, and Nineteenth-Century American Literature (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000), 154.
313. Kenneth M. Price and Susan Belasco Smith, (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), 73-4.
314. Robert B. Stepto, “Sharing the Thunder: The Literary Exchanges of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Bibb, and Frederick Douglass,” in New Essays on Uncle Tom's Cabin, ed. Eric Sundquist (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 135-53.
315. Jean Fagan Yellin, ed. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 234-5.
316. Susan Belasco Smith, “Serialization,” and Sarah Robbins, “Gendering the History of the Antislavery Narrative: Juxtaposing Uncle Tom's Cabin and Benito Cereno, Beloved and Middle Passage,” American Quarterly 49, no. 3 (1997): 531-73.
317. David Grant, “Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Triumph of Republican Rhetoric,” New England Quarterly 71, no. 3 (1998): 429-48.
318. WalterBenn Michaels, The Gold Standard and the LogicofNaturalism (Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press, 1987), 104.
319. Francis Lieber, On International Copyright, in a Letter to the Hon William C. Preston, Senator of the United States (New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1840), 21.
320. James Parton, “International Copyright”, Atlantic Monthly, Oct. 1867, 430.
321. David McGregor Means, “The Nature of Copyright”, Independent, 25 Feb. 1886, 229.
322. Fanny Fern, Ruth Hall and Other Writings, ed. Joyce Warren (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1986), 157
323. Michael Newbury, Figuring Authorship in Antebellum America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), 194.
324. Ann Douglas Wood, “The ‘Scribbling Women’ and Fanny Fern: Why Women Wrote,” American Quarterly 23, no. 1 (1971): 3-24.
325. Nicole Tonkovitch, Domesticity with a Difference: The Nonfiction of Catharine Beecher, Sarah J. Hale, Fanny Fern, and Margaret Fuller (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997).
326. W. Warren, “Uncommon Discourse: Fanny Fern and the New York Ledger,” in Periodical Literature in Nineteenth-Century America, ed. Kenneth M. Price and Susan Belasco Smith (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), 51-68.
327. Laura Laffrado, “ I Thought from the Way You Writ, That You Were a Great Six-Footer of a Woman: Gender and the Public Voice in Fanny Fern’s Newspaper Essays,” in In Her Own Voice: Nineteenth-Century American Women Essayists, ed. Sherry Lee Linkon (New York: Garland, 1997), 81-96.
328. Claire C. Pettengill, “Against Novels: Fanny Fern’s Newspaper Fictions and the Reform of Print Culture,” American Periodicals 6 (1996): 61-91.
329. Fanny Fern: An Independent Woman (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 112.
330. Henry David Thoreau, Walden, ed. J. Lyndon Shanley (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 109.
331. Kielbowicz, News in the Mail: The Press, Post Office, and Public Information, 1700-1860s (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989).
332. John, Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).
333. Charles Johanningsmeier briefly and cogently explains the place of exchange in the distribution of literary texts as a precursor to the fiction syndicates. Fiction and the American Literary Marketplace: The Role of the Newspaper Syndicates, 1860-1900 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
334. Meredith McGill, American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834-1853 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003).
335. Augusta Rohrbach, “ Truth Stronger and Stranger Than Fiction: Reexamining William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator,” American Literature 73, no. 4 (2001): 726-55.
336. Frank Luther Mott mentions the True Flag in passing as a “Boston weekly.” A History of American Magazines 1850-1865 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938), 35-6.
337. Villains Galore: The Heyday of the Popular Story Weekly (New York: Macmillan, 1954), 49-50.
338. Philip H. Nicklin, Remarks on Literary Property (Philadelphia: P. H. Nicklin & T. Johnson, 1838), 15.
339. J. C. Derby’s reminiscences considerably after the fact in 1884 portray his thought process and motivations in precisely this way. Fifty Years among Authors, Books and Publishers (New York: G. W. Carleton & Co., 1884), 208.
340. Susan Geary, “The Domestic Novel as a Commercial Commodity: Making a Best Seller in the 1850s,” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 70 (1976): 365-93.
341. Clyde G. Wade, “B. P. Shillaber,” in American Humorists, 1800-1950, part 2, ed. Stanley Trachtenberg (Detroit: Gale, 1982), 434-8.
342. Daniel G. Royot, “B. P. Shillaber,” in Encyclopedia of American Humorists, ed. Steven A. Gale (New York: Garland, 1988).
343. Fern’s “Beautiful Sentiment.” In a similar vein, the Musical World notes that the Dayton Daily City Item both criticizes Fanny Fern’s book as fit only for the sewer and reprints her articles without her name as the author. Musical World & Times, 19 Mar. 1853.
344. Ruth Hall. “The Female Woman: Fanny Fern and the Form of Sentiment,” American Literary History 3, no. 3 (1991): 429.
345. Sara Parton’s Ruth Hall and the Literature of Labor,” in Redefining the Political Novel: American Women Writers, 1797-1901, ed. Sharon M. Harris (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995), 101-2.
346. Glenda Riley, Divorce: An American Tradition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).
347. Nelson Manfred Blake, The Road to Reno: A History of Divorce in the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1962).
348. Norma Basch, In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage and Property in Nineteenth Century New York (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982), 233-4.
349. Tonkovich, Domesticity with a Difference, 47-8.
350. G. P Putnam’s Sons v. Pollard & Moss (1880), in Wilma S. Davis and Mark A. Lillis, eds., Decisions of the United States Courts Involving Copyright and Literary Property, 1789-1909 (Washington, DC: Copyright Office, 1980), 2127-9.
351. George Ticknor Curtis, A Treatise on the Law of Copyright (Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown, 1847), 299.
352. Paul Finkelman, An Imperfect Union: Slavery, Federalism, and Comity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 255-65.
353. John. H. Frederick, “John Kintzing Kane,” in Dumas Malone, ed., Dictionary of American Biography (NewYork: Scriber’s, 1961), 5:257-8.
354. Nina Silber, The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and the South, 1865-1900 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993)
355. De Forest novel, The Bloody Chasm (1881). “A Dowry of Suffering: Consent, Contract, and Political Coverture in John W De Forest' s Reconstruction Romance”, American Literary History 15, no. 2 (2003): 276-310.
356. Thomas Conn Bryan, “General WilliamJ. Hardee and Confederate Publication Rights”, Journal of Southern History 17, no. 2 (1946): 263-74.
357. Raymond Robinson, “Confederate Copyright Entries”, William and Mary Quarterly 16 (1936): 248-66.
358. E. Merton Coulter, The Confederate States of America, 1861-1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950), 508
359. Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, “The Civil War and Authorship”, in The History of Southern Literature, ed. Louis D. Rubin et al. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985), 180
360. William C. Davis, A Government of Their Own: The Making of the Confederacy (New York: Free Press, 1994), 252
361. Lawrence F. London, “Confederate Literature and Its Publishers”, in Studies in Southern History, ed. J. Carlyle Sitterson (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1957), 83
362. AubertJ. Clark, The Movement for International Copyright in Nineteenth Century America (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1960), 84.
363. Jay Hubbell, The South in American Literature 1607-1900 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1954).
364. Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 6-7.
365. Alice Fahs, The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 18.
366. Jennifer Lynn Gross, “Lonely Lives Are Not Necessarily Joyless: Augusta Jane Evans' s Macaria and the Creation of a Place for Single Womanhood in the Postwar South”, American Nineteenth Century History 2, no. 1 (2001): 33-52
367. Suzy Clarkson Holstein, “Offering Up Her Life: Confederate Women on the Altars of Sacrifice”, Southern Studies 2, no 2. (1991): 113-30.
368. WilliamPerry Fidler, Augusta Evans Wilson, 1835-1909: A Biography (Tuscaloosa: University ofAlabama Press, 1951), 40-5.
369. Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861-1865 (New York: Harper& Row, 1979)
370. George C. Rable, The Confederate Republic: A Revolution against Politics (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).
371. George C. Rable, “Beyond State Rights: The Shadowy World of Confederate Politics”, 135-53
372. Michael Les Benedict, “A Constitutional Crisis”, 154-74, in Writing the Civil War: The Quest to Understand, ed. James M. McPherson and William J. Cooper (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998).
373. William Gilmore Simms to William Porcher Miles, 20 Feb. 1861, in The Letters of William Gilmore Simms, Vol. 4: 1858-1866, ed. Mary Simms Oliphant et al. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1955), 329-30.
374. James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861-1865, 2 vols. (Nashville: United States Publishing Co., 1906).
375. T. R. R. Cobb to Marion Cobb, 26 Feb. 1861, “Correspondence of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb”, Publications of the Southern History Association II, no. 4 (July 1907): 242.
376. T. R. R. Cobb to Marion Cobb, I Mar. 1861
377. WilliamB. McCash, Thomas R. R. Cobb (1823-1862): The Making of a Southern Nationalist (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1983), 215-18.
378. Thorvald Solberg, ed., Copyright Enactments of the United States, 1783-1906 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906).
379. Jay Hubbell, “Literary Nationalism in the Old South”, in American Studies in Honor of William Kenneth Boyd, ed. David Kelly Jackson (Durham: Duke University Press, 1940), 175-220.
380. Augusta Evans Wilson as Confederate Propagandist.” Elizabeth Moss also discusses these articles at some length. Domestic Novelists in the Old South: Defenders of Southern Culture (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992), 163 -7.
381. Naomi Z. Sofer, Making the America of Art: Cultural Nationalism and Nineteenth-Century Women Writers (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005)
382. Edward Everett' s Mount Vernon Papers were serialized in the Ledger in 1859.
383. Augusta Jane Evans, Macaria; or, Altars of Sacrifice, ed. Drew Gilpin Faust (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992), 409
384. Ella Swan, “Southern Literature”, Southern Field and Fireside, 13 July 1861, 60.
385. Rebecca Grant Sexton, ed., A Southern Woman of Letters: The Correspondence of Augusta Jane Evans Wilson (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002), 35-6.
386. Charles P. Cullop, Confederate Propaganda in Europe, 1861-1865 (Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press, 1969).
387. Frank Lawrence Owsley, King Cotton Diplomacy: Foreign Relations of the Confederate States ofAmerica (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931), 166-75
388. R.J. M. Blackett, Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 144-5.
389. Frenise A. Logan, “India-Britain' s Substitute for American Cotton, 1861-1865”, Journal of Southern History 24, no. 4 (1958): 472-80.
390. S. H. Goetzel, “Sir E. Bulwer Lytton, M. P, London”, Mobile Advertiser and Register, 26 Feb. 1863
391. Allan Conrad Christensen, Edward Bulwer-Lytton: The Fiction of New Regions (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1976), 223.
392. James L. Campbell, Edward Bulwer-Lytton (Boston: Twayne, 1986), 11-13, 16-19.
393. Charles E. Shain, “The English Novelists and the American Civil War”, American Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1962): 403.
394. William R. Taylor, Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character (New York: George Braziller, 1961) 15.
395. Michael Winship, “Printing with Plates in the Nineteenth Century United States”, Printing History 5, no. 2 (1983): 16-26.
396. James J. Barnes, Authors, Publishers, and Politicians: The Quest for an Anglo-American Copyright Agreement, 1815-1854 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1974)
397. Eugene Exman, The Brothers Harper (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 52-9
398. David Dzwonkoski, “M. Doolady”, and Theodora Mills, “John Bradburn”, in American Literary Publishing Houses, 1638- 1899, part 1, ed. Peter Dzwonkoski (Detroit: Gale, 1986), 137, 63.
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