Benefits and harms of mammography screening

Breast Cancer Research

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Løberg, Magnus ^a,b,c   Lousdal, Mette Lise ^d   Bretthauer, Michael ^a,b,c,e   Kalager, Mette ^a,c,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^e SØRLANDET HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^f TELEMARK HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STAGING; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSIS; DYING; HUMAN; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MAMMOGRAPHY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OVERDIAGNOSIS; PATIENT HARM; REVIEW; STUDY DESIGN; TREND STUDY; TUMOR INVASION; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; ADVERSE EFFECTS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; MASS SCREENING; MORTALITY; PROCEDURES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASS SCREENING; MORTALITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84928576546     PISSN: 14655411     EISSN: 1465542X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0525-z     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2010
2. Raffle AE, Gray JAM. Screening: Evidence and Practice. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2007.
3. Holland WW, Stewart S. Screening in Disease Prevention. What works? Oxford, United Kingdom: The Nuttfield Trust/Radcliffe Publishing Ltd; 2005.
4. Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Principles, effectiveness and caveats in screening for cancer. Br J Surg. 2013;100:55-65.
5. Wilson JMG, Junger G. Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1968.
6. Esserman L, Thompson IM, Reid B, Nelson P, Ransohoff DF, Welch HG, et al. Addressing overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer: a prescription for change. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e234-42.
7. Aronowitz RA. Unnatural History: Breast Cancer and American Society. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
8. Reynolds H. The Big Squeeze: a Social and Political History of the Controversial Mammogram. New York: Cornell University Press; 2012.
9. Gøtzsche P, Jørgensen KJ. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6, CD001877.
10. Miller A, Wall C, Bains C, Sun P, To T, Narod S. Twenty-five year follow-up of the Canadian national breast screening study. BMJ. 2014;348:g366.
11. Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A, Johns L, Waller M, Bobrow L. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:2053-60.
12. Gøtzsch P, Olsen O. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justified? Lancet. 2000;355:129-34.
13. Jørgensen KJ, Keen JD, Gøtzcshe PC. Is mammographic screening justifiable considering its substantial overdiagnosis rate and minor effect on mortality? Radiology. 2011;260:621-7.
14. Kopans DB, Smith RA, Duffy SW. Mammographic screening and "overdiagnosis". Radiology. 2011;260:616-20.
15. Mandelblatt JS, Cronin KA, Bailey S, Berry DA, de Koning HJ, Draisma G, et al. Effects of mammography screening under different screening schedules: model estimates of potential benefits and harms. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:738-47.
16. Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan BK, Humphrey L, et al. Screening for breast cancer: an update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:727-37.
17. Swiss Medical Board. Systematisches Mammographie-Screening [ http://www.medical-board.ch/fileadmin/docs/public/mb/Fachberichte/2013-12-15_Bericht_Mammographie_Final_rev.pdf ]
18. Giordano L, von Karsa L, Tomatis M, Majek O, de Wolf C, Lancucki L, et al. Mammographic screening programmes in Europe: organization, coverage and participation. J Med Screen. 2012;19 Suppl 1:72-82.
19. Bleyer A, Welch H. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998-2005.
20. Törnberg S, Kemetli L, Ascunce N, Hofvind S, Anttila A, Sèradour B, et al. A pooled analysis of interval cancer rates in six European countries. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2010;19:87-93.
21. Hofvind S, Ponti A, Patnick J, Ascunce N, Njor S, Broeders M, et al. False-positive results in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review and survey of service screening programmes. J Med Screen. 2012;19 Suppl 1:57-66.
22. Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening. The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review. Lancet. 2012;380:1778-86.
23. Elmore JG, Barton MB, Moceri VM, Polk S, Arena PJ, Fletcher SW. Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1089-96.
24. Hubbard RA, Kerlikowske K, Flowers CI, Yankaskas BC, Zhu W, Miglioretti DL. Cumulative probability of false-positive recall or biopsy recommendation after 10 years of screening mammography: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:481-92.
25. Lidbrink E, Elfving J, Frisell J, Jonsson E. Neglected aspects of false positive findings of mammography in breast cancer screening: analysis of false positive cases from the Stockholm trial. BMJ. 1996;312:273-6.
26. Brodersen J, Siersma VD. Long-term psychosocial consequences of false-positive screening mammography. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:106-15.
27. van der Steeg AFW, Keyzer-Dekker CM, De Vries J, Roukema JA. Effect of abnormal screening mammogram on quality of life. Br J Surg. 2011;98:537-42.
28. Barton M. Increased patient concern after false-positive. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:150-6.
29. Kalager M, Tamimi R, Bretthauer M, Adami H-O. Prognosis in women with interval breast cancer: population based observational cohort study. BMJ. 2012;345:e7536.
30. Hofvind S, Skaane P, Vitak B, Wang H, Thoresen S, Eriksen L, et al. Influence of review design on percentages of missed interval breast cancers: a retrospect study of interval cancers in a population-based screening program. Radiology. 2005;237:437-43.
31. Hoff SR, Abrahamsen AL, Samset JH, Vigeland E, Klepp O, Hofvind S. Breast cancer: missed interval and screening-detected cancer at full-field digital mammography and screen-film mammography - results from a retrospective review. Radiology. 2012;246:378-86.
32. Paci E, EUROSCREEN Working Group. Summary of the evidence of breast cancer service screening outcomes in Europe and first estimate of the benefit and harm balance sheet. J Med Screen. 2012;19 Suppl 1:5-13.
33. NHS Breast Screening Programme. National collation of breast interval cancer data: Screening years 1st April 2003-31st March 2005 [ http://www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/breastscreen/publications/nhsbsp-occasional-report1203.pdf ]
34. Steliarova-Foucher E, O'Callaghan M, Ferlay J, Masuyer E, Forman D, Comber H, et al. European Cancer Observatory: Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Prevalence and Survival in Europe. Version 1.0 (September 2012). European Network of Cancer Registries, International Agency for Research on Cancer [ http://eco.iarc.fr , http://eco.iarc.fr/EUREG/AnalysisG.aspx ]
35. Irvin VL, Kaplan RM. Screening mammography & breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of quasi-experimental studies. PLoS One. 2014;9:e98105.
36. Vainio H, Bianchini F. IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention. Volume 7. Breast Cancer Screening. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002.
37. Zahl PH, Mælen J, Welch HG. The natural history of invasive breast cancers detected by screening mammography. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2311-6.
38. Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P, Bennet AM, Blom-Goldman U, Brønnum D, et al. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:987-98.
39. Yeh ETH, Bickford C. Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:2231-47.
40. Kramer BS, Croswell JM. Cancer screening: the clash of science and intuition. Annu Rev Med. 2009;60:125-37.
41. Kalager M, Adami H-O, Bretthauer M, Tamimi RM. Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian Screening Program. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:491-9.
42. Puliti D, Duffy SW, Miccinesi G, deKoning H, Lynge E, Zappa M. Overdiagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review. J Med Screen. 2012;19 Suppl 1:42-56.
43. de Koning HJ, Draisma G, Francheboud J, de Bruijn A. Microsimulation modeling estimates based on observed screen and clinical data. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8:202.
44. Kalager M, Løberg M, Fønnebø VM, Bretthauer M. Failure to account for selection-bias. Int J Cancer. 2013;133:2751-3.
45. Falk RS, Hofvind S, Skaane P, Haldorsen T. Overdiagnosis among women attending a population-based mammography screening program. Int J Cancer. 2013;133:705-12.
46. Statistics Norway. Population, by sex and age [ https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode%09=%09&ProductId%09=%09&MainTable%09=%09FolkemEttAarig&nvl%09=%09&PLanguage%09=%090&nyTmpVar%09=%09true&CMSSubjectArea%09=%09befolkning&KortNavnWeb%09=%09folkemengde&StatVariant%09=%09&checked%09=%09true&checked=true ]
47. NORDCAN Database [ http://www-dep.iarc.fr/NORDCAN/english/frame.asp ]
48. Zahl PH, Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche P. Lead-time models should not be used to estimate overdiagnosis in cancer screening. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;doi:10.007/s11606-014-2812-2.
49. Kalager M, Adami HO, Bretthauer M. Too much mammography. BMJ. 2014;348:g1403.
50. Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Overdiagnosis in publicly organized mammography screening programmes: systematic review of incidence trends. BMJ. 2009;339:b2589.
51. Humphrey LL, Helfand M, Chan BK, Woolf SH. Breast cancer screening: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:347-60.
52. Jüni P, Zwahlen M. It is time to initiate another breast cancer screening trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:864-6.
53. Jørgensen KJ, Zahl PH, Gøtzsche PC. Breast cancer mortality in organized mammography screening in Denmark: comparative study. BMJ. 2010;340:c1241.
54. Nickson C, Mason KE, English DR, Kavanagh AM. Mammographic screening and breast cancer mortality: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21:1479-88.
55. Morrison AS. Screening in Chronic Disease. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992 [Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Volume 19].
56. Duffy SW, Cuzick J, Tabar L, Vitak B, Chen THH, Yen MF, et al. Correcting for non-compliance bias in case-control studies to evaluate cancer screening programmes. Appl Stat. 2002;51:235-43.
57. Hofvind S, Ursin G, Tretli S, Sebuødegård S, Møller B. Breast cancer mortality in participants of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Cancer. 2013;119:3106-12.
58. Shapiro S. Screening for breast cancer: the HIP Randomized Controlled Trial. Health Insurance Plan. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1997;22:27-30.
59. Autier P, Boniol M, LaVecchia C, Vatten L, Gavin A, Héry C, et al. Disparities in breast cancer mortality trends between 30 European countries: retrospective trend analysis of WHO mortality database. BMJ. 2010;341:c3620.
60. Autier P, Boniol M, Gavin A, Vatten LJ. Breast cancer mortality in neighbouring European countries with different levels of screening but similar access to treatment: trend analysis of WHO mortality database. BMJ. 2011;343:d4411.
61. NHS Breast Screening Programme and Association of Breast Surgery. An Audit of Screen Detected Breast Cancers for the Year of Screening April 2010 to March 2011 [ http://www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/breastscreen/publications/baso2010-2011.pdf ]
62. Smith RA, Kerlikowske K, Miglioretti DL, Kalager M. Principles, effectiveness and caveats in screening for cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:e31.
63. Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Content of invitation for publicly funded screening mammography. BMJ. 2006;332:538-41.
64. Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Information in practice. Presentation on websites of possible benefits for breast cancer: cross sectional study. BMJ. 2004;328:148.
65. Elmore JG, Gigerenzer G. Benign breast disease- the risk of communicating risk. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:297-9.
66. Deyo RA, Patrick DL. Hope or Hype: the Obsession with Medical Advances and the High Cost of False Promises. New York: AMACOM; 2005.
67. Chamot E, Perneger TV. Misconceptions about efficacy of mammography screening: a public health dilemma. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55:799-803.
68. Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics: death registered in 2007 [ http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/datasets-and-tables/index.html?newquery%09=%09mortality%09+%09statistics%3Adeath%09+%09registered%09+%09in%09+%092007&newoffset%09=%09150]
69. Domenighetti G, D'Avanzo B, Egger M, Berrino F, Perneger T, Mosconi P, et al. Women's perception of the benefits of mammography screening: population based survey in four countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:816-8.
70. McMenamin M, Barry H, Lennon AM, Purcell H, Baum M, Keegan D, et al. A survey of breast cancer awareness and knowledge in a Western population: lots of light but little illumination. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:393-7.
71. Davey HM, Barratt AL, Davey E, Butow PN, Redman S, Houssami N, et al. Medical tests: women's reported and preferred decision-making roles and preferences for information on benefits, side-effects and false results. Health Expect. 2002;5:330-40.
72. Østerlie W, Solbjør M, Skolbekken JA, Hofvind S, Sætnan AR, Forsmo S. Challenges of informed choice in organized screening. J Med Ethics. 2008;34:e5.