White matter lesional predictors of chronic visual neglect: A longitudinal study

Brain

Volumn 138, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 746-760

  Lunven, Marine ^a,b,c   De Schotten, Michel Thiebaut ^a,d   Bourlon, Clemence ^b   Duret, Christophe ^b   Migliaccio, Raffaella ^a,e   Rode, Gilles ^c,f   Bartolomeo, Paolo ^a,e,g  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b Service de Medecine Physique et Réadaptation   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e ASSISTANCE PUBLIQUE HÔPITAUX DE PARIS   (France)

^f Hopital Henry Gabrielle   (France)

^g UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Axonal degeneration; Chronic visual neglect; Corpus callosum; Fronto parietal networks; MRI DTI

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORPUS CALLOSUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY; HUMAN; INTERHEMISPHERIC TRANSFER; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NERVE FIBER DEGENERATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIGHT HEMISPHERE; SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS; SUPERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE; VISUAL DEPRIVATION; WHITE MATTER LESION; AGED; ANISOTROPY; BRAIN MAPPING; COMPLICATION; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; IMAGE PROCESSING; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHIES; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOLOGY; PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS; PREDICTIVE VALUE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; VISION;

ADULT; AGED; ANISOTROPY; BRAIN MAPPING; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHIES; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 84927974249     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu389     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Afzali M, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Elisevich KV. Tract based spatial statistical analysis and voxel based morphometry of diffusion indices in temporal lobe epilepsy. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41: 1082-91.
2. Ahlhelm F, Schneider G, Backens M, Reith W, Hagen T. Time course of the apparent diffusion coefficient after cerebral infarction. Eur Radiol 2002; 12: 2322-9.
3. Albert ML. A simple test of visual neglect. Neurology 1973; 23: 658-64.
4. Azouvi P, Bartolomeo P, Beis JM, Perennou D, Pradat-Diehl P, Rousseaux M. A battery of tests for the quantitative assessment of unilateral neglect. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2006; 24: 273-85.
5. Azouvi P, Samuel C, Louis-Dreyfus A, Bernati T, Bartolomeo P, Beis JM, et al. Sensitivity of clinical and behavioural tests of spatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2002; 73: 160-6.
6. Bahrainwala ZS, Hillis AE, Dearborn J, Gottesman RF. Neglect performance in acute stroke is related to severity of white matter hyperintensities. Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 37: 223-30.
7. Bartolomeo P. The quest for the 'critical lesion site' in cognitive deficits: problems and perspectives. Cortex 2011; 47: 1010-12.
8. Bartolomeo P. Attention disorders after right brain damage-living in halved worlds [Internet]. London: Springer-Verlag; 2014a. http://www.springer.com/medicine/neurology/book/978-1-4471-5648-2 (14 February 2014, date last accessed).
9. Bartolomeo P. Spatially biased decisions: Towards a dynamic interactive model of visual neglect. In: Tracy J, Hampstead B, Sathian K, editors. Plasticity of cognition in neurologic disorders. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014b.
10. Bartolomeo P, Chokron S. Egocentric frame of reference: its role in spatial bias after right hemisphere lesions. Neuropsychologia 1999; 37: 881-94.
11. Bartolomeo P, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Chica AB. Brain networks of visuospatial attention and their disruption in visual neglect. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6: 110.
12. Bartolomeo P, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Doricchi F. Left unilateral neglect as a disconnection syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2007; 17: 2479-90.
13. Bird CM, Malhotra P, Parton A, Coulthard E, Rushworth MFS, Husain M. Visual neglect after right posterior cerebral artery infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2006; 77: 1008-12.
14. Bozzali M, Mastropasqua C, Cercignani M, Giulietti G, Bonnì S, Caltagirone C, et al. Microstructural damage of the posterior corpus callosum contributes to the clinical severity of neglect. PLoS One 2012; 7: e48079.
15. Brett M, Leff AP, Rorden C, Ashburner J. Spatial normalization of brain images with focal lesions using cost function masking. Neuroimage 2001; 14: 486-500.
16. Buffon F, Molko N, Hervé D, Porcher R, Denghien I, Pappata S, et al. Longitudinal diffusion changes in cerebral hemispheres after MCA infarcts. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25: 641-50.
17. Campbell DC, Oxbury JM. Recovery from unilateral visuo-spatial neglect? Cortex 1976; 12: 303-12.
18. Cappa SF, Perani D. Imaging studies of recovery from unilateral neglect. Exp Brain Res 2010; 206: 237-241.
19. Carrera E, Tononi G. Diaschisis: past, present, future. Brain 2014; 137: 2408-2422.
20. Carter AR, Astafiev SV, Lang CE, Connor LT, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, et al. Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke. Ann Neurol 2010; 67: 365-75.
21. Cassidy TP, Lewis S, Gray CS. Recovery from visuospatial neglect in stroke patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1998; 64: 555-7.
22. Catani M, Mesulam M. What is a disconnection syndrome? Cortex 2008; 44: 911-13.
23. Chechlacz M, Rotshtein P, Humphreys GW. Neuroanatomicaldissections of unilateral visual neglect symptoms: ALE meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping. Front Hum Neurosci 2012a; 6: 230.
24. Chechlacz M, Rotshtein P, Roberts KL, Bickerton W-L, Lau JKL, Humphreys GW. The prognosis of allocentric and egocentric neglect: evidence from clinical scans. PLoS One 2012b; 7: e47821.
25. Chen JL, Schlaug G. Resting state interhemispheric motor connectivity and white matter integrity correlate with motor impairment in chronic stroke. Front Neurol 2013; 4: 178.
26. Cherney LR, Halper AS. Unilateral visual neglect in right-hemisphere stroke: a longitudinal study. Brain Inj 2001; 15: 585-92.
27. Chica AB, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Toba M, Malhotra P, Lupiáñez J, Bartolomeo P. Attention networks and their interactions after right-hemisphere damage. Cortex 2012; 48: 654-63.
28. Ciaraffa F, Castelli G, Parati EA, Bartolomeo P, Bizzi A. Visual neglect as a disconnection syndrome? A confirmatory case report. Neurocase 2013; 19: 351-9.
29. Coleman MP, Perry VH. Axon pathology in neurological disease: a neglected therapeutic target. Trends Neurosci 2002; 25: 532-7.
30. Corbetta M, Kincade MJ, Lewis C, Snyder AZ, Sapir A. Neural basis and recovery of spatial attention deficits in spatial neglect. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8: 1603-10.
31. Dacosta-Aguayo R, Graña M, Fernández-Andú jar M, López-Cancio E, Cáceres C, Bargalló N, et al. Structural integrity of the contrale-sional hemisphere predicts cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke at three months. PLoS One 2014; 9: e86119.
32. Daitch AL, Sharma M, Roland JL, Astafiev SV, Bundy DT, Gaona CM, et al. Frequency-specific mechanism links human brain networks for spatial attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110: 19585-90.
33. Dell'Acqua F, Simmons A, Williams SCR, Catani M. Can spherical deconvolution provide more information than fiber orientations? Hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy, a true-tract specific index to characterize white matter diffusion. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34: 2464-83.
34. Denes G, Semenza C, Stoppa E, Lis A. Unilateral spatial neglect and recovery from hemiplegia: a follow-up study. Brain 1982; 105 (Pt 3): 543-52.
35. Dick AS, Raja Beharelle A, Solodkin A, Small SL. Interhemispheric functional connectivity following prenatal or perinatal brain injury predicts receptive language outcome. J Neurosci 2013; 33: 5612-25.
36. Doricchi F, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Tomaiuolo F, Bartolomeo P. White matter (dis)connections and gray matter (dys)functions in visual neglect: gaining insights into the brain networks of spatial awareness. Cortex 2008; 44: 983-95.
37. Doricchi F, Tomaiuolo F. The anatomy of neglect without hemianopia: a key role for parietal-frontal disconnection? Neuroreport 2003; 14: 2239-43.
38. Farnè A, Buxbaum LJ, Ferraro M, Frassinetti F, Whyte J, Veramonti T, et al. Patterns of spontaneous recovery of neglect and associated disorders in acute right brain-damaged patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2004; 75: 1401-10.
39. Forkel SJ, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Dell'Acqua F, Kalra L, Murphy DGM, Williams SCR, et al. Anatomical predictors of aphasia recovery: a tractography study of bilateral perisylvian language networks. Brain 2014; 137: 2027-39.
40. Gaffan D, Hornak J. Visual neglect in the monkey. Representation and disconnection. Brain 1997; 120 (Pt 9): 1647-57.
41. Gainotti G, D'Erme P, Bartolomeo P. Early orientation of attention toward the half space ipsilateral to the lesion in patients with unilateral brain damage. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1991; 54: 1082-9.
42. Gainotti G, Messerli P, Tissot R. Qualitative analysis of unilateral spatial neglect in relation to laterality of cerebral lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1972; 35: 545-50.
43. Gauthier L, Dehaut F, Joanette Y. The Bells Test: a quantitative and qualitative test for visual neglect. Int J Clin Neuropsychol 1989; 11: 49-54.
44. Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. II. Brain 1965; 88: 585-644.
45. Gialanella B, Monguzzi V, Santoro R, Rocchi S. Functional recovery after hemiplegia in patients with neglect: the rehabilitative role of anosognosia. Stroke 2005; 36: 2687-90.
46. Gobbi C, Rocca MA, Pagani E, Riccitelli GC, Pravatà E, Radaelli M, et al. Forceps minor damage and co-occurrence of depression and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl 2014; 20: 1633-1640.
47. Godefroy O, Duhamel A, Leclerc X, Saint Michel T, Hénon H, Leys D. Brain-behaviour relationships. Some models and related statistical procedures for the study of brain-damaged patients. Brain 1998; 121 (Pt 8): 1545-56.
48. Halligan PW, Fink GR, Marshall JC, Vallar G. Spatial cognition: evidence from visual neglect. Trends Cogn Sci (Regul Ed) 2003; 7: 125-33.
49. He BJ, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Epstein A, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Breakdown of functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks underlies behavioral deficits in spatial neglect. Neuron 2007; 53: 905-18.
50. Heilman KM, Adams DJ. Callosal neglect. Arch Neurol 2003; 60: 276-9.
51. Heilman KM, Valenstein E. Mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect. Ann Neurol 1979; 5: 166-70.
52. Hillis AE, Wityk RJ, Barker PB, Ulatowski JA, Jacobs MA. Change in perfusion in acute nondominant hemisphere stroke may be better estimated by tests of hemispatial neglect than by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Stroke 2003; 34: 2392-6.
53. Jason E, Dastidar P, Kalliokoski A, Luukkaala T, Soimakallio S. Diffusion tensor imaging of chronic right cerebral hemisphere infarctions. J Neuroimaging 2011; 21: 325-31.
54. Jones DK, Symms MR, Cercignani M, Howard RJ. The effect of filter size on VBM analyses of DT-MRI data. Neuroimage 2005; 26: 546-54.
55. Karnath HO, Fruhmann Berger M, Küker W, Rorden C. The anatomy of spatial neglect based on voxelwise statistical analysis: a study of 140 patients. Cereb. Cortex 2004; 14: 1164-1172.
56. Karnath HO, Rennig J, Johannsen L, Rorden C. The anatomy underlying acute versus chronic spatial neglect: a longitudinal study. Brain 2011; 134: 903-12.
57. Karnath HO, Rorden C, Ticini LF. Damage to white matter fiber tracts in acute spatial neglect. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19: 2331-7.
58. Karnath HO, Ferber S, Himmelbach M. Spatial awareness is a function of the temporal not the posterior parietal lobe. Nature 2001; 411: 950-3.
59. Khurshid S, Trupe LA, Newhart M, Davis C, Molitoris JJ, Medina J, et al. Reperfusion of specific cortical areas is associated with improvement in distinct forms of hemispatial neglect. Cortex 2012; 48: 530-9.
60. Kimberg DY, Coslett HB, Schwartz MF. Power in Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. J Cogn Neurosci 2007; 19: 1067-80.
61. Kinsbourne M. Mechanisms of unilateral neglect. In: Jeannerod M, editor. Neurophysiological and neuropsychological aspects of spatial neglect. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1987. p. 69-86.
62. Koch G, Cercignani M, Bonnì S, Giacobbe V, Bucchi G, Versace V, et al. Asymmetry of parietal interhemispheric connections in humans. J Neurosci 2011; 31: 8967-75.
63. Koch G, Oliveri M, Cheeran B, Ruge D, Lo Gerfo E, Salerno S, et al. Hyperexcitability of parietal-motor functional connections in the intact left-hemisphere of patients with neglect. Brain 2008; 131: 3147-55.
64. Kopp B, Rösser N, Tabeling S, Stürenburg HJ, de Haan B, Karnath HO, et al. Performance on the Frontal Assessment Battery is sensitive to frontal lobe damage in stroke patients. BMC Neurol 2013; 13: 179.
65. Leemans A, Jones DK. The B-matrix must be rotated when correcting for subject motion in DTI data. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61: 1336-49.
66. Leibovitch FS, Black SE, Caldwell CB, Ebert PL, Ehrlich LE, Szalai JP. Brain-behavior correlations in hemispatial neglect using CT and SPECT The Sunnybrook Stroke Study. Neurology 1998; 50: 901-8.
67. Leibovitch FS, Black SE, Caldwell CB, McIntosh AR, Ehrlich LE, Szalai JP. Brain SPECT imaging and left hemispatial neglect covaried using partial least squares: the Sunnybrook Stroke study. Hum Brain Mapp 1999; 7: 244-53.
68. Levine DN, Warach JD, Benowitz L, Calvanio R. Left spatial neglect: effects of lesion size and premorbid brain atrophy on severity and recovery following right cerebral infarction. Neurology 1986; 36: 362-6.
69. Linden T, Samuelsson H, Skoog I, Blomstrand C. Visual neglect and cognitive impairment in elderly patients late after stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 111: 163-8.
70. Luauté J, Halligan P, Rode G, Rossetti Y, Boisson D. Visuo-spatial neglect: a systematic review of current interventions and their effectiveness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30: 961-82.
71. Lunven M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Glize B, Migliaccio R, Jacquin-Courtois S, Cotton F, et al. Effector-dependent neglect and splenial disconnection: a spherical deconvolution tractography study. Exp. Brain Res 2014; 232: 3727-36.
72. Mah YH, Husain M, Rees G, Nachev P. Human brain lesion-deficit inference remapped. Brain 2014; 137: 2522-31.
73. Marquardt DW. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J Soc Ind Appl Math 1963; 11: 431-41.
74. Messé A, Caplain S, Paradot G, Garrigue D, Mineo JF, Soto Ares G, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging and white matter lesions at the sub-acute stage in mild traumatic brain injury with persistent neurobe-havioral impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 32: 999-1011.
75. Mesulam MM. Principles of behavioral neurology. Philadelphia, PA: Davis; 1985.
76. Molenberghs P, Sale MV, Mattingley JB. Is there a critical lesion site for unilateral spatial neglect? A meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6: 78.
77. Mori S, Oishi K, Jiang H, Jiang L, Li X, Akhter K, et al. Stereotaxic white matter atlas based on diffusion tensor imaging in an ICBM template. Neuroimage 2008; 40: 570-82.
78. Moritani T, Smoker WRK, Sato Y, Numaguchi Y, Westesson P-LA. Diffusion-weighted imaging of acute excitotoxic brain injury. Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26: 216-28.
79. Mort DJ, Malhotra P, Mannan SK, Rorden C, Pambakian A, Kennard C, et al. The anatomy of visual neglect. Brain 2003; 126: 1986-97.
80. Moxon-Emre I, Schlichter LC. Evolution of inflammation and white matter injury in a model of transient focal ischemia. J. Neuropathol. Exp Neurol 2010; 69: 1-15.
81. Ogden JA. Anterior-posterior interhemispheric differences in the loci of lesions producing visual hemineglect. Brain Cogn 1985; 4: 59-75.
82. Oliveri M, Bisiach E, Brighina F, Piazza A, La Bua V, Buffa D, et al. rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contrale-sional visuospatial hemineglect. Neurology 2001; 57: 1338-1340.
83. Pantano P, Di Piero V, Fieschi C, Judica A, Guariglia C, Pizzamiglio L. Pattern of CBF in the rehabilitation of visuospatial neglect. Int J Neurosci 1992; 66: 153-61.
84. Park KC, Lee BH, Kim EJ, Shin MH, Choi KM, Yoon SS, et al. Deafferentation-disconnection neglect induced by posterior cerebral artery infarction. Neurology 2006; 66: 56-61.
85. Parton A, Malhotra P, Husain M. Hemispatial neglect. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2004; 75: 13-21.
86. Perani D, Vallar G, Cappa S, Messa C, Fazio F. Aphasia and neglect after subcortical stroke. A clinical/cerebral perfusion correlation study. Brain 1987; 110 (Pt 5): 1211-29.
87. Perani D, Vallar G, Paulesu E, Alberoni M, Fazio F. Left and right hemisphere contribution to recovery from neglect after right hemisphere damage-an [18F]FDG pet study of two cases. Neuropsychologia 1993; 31: 115-125.
88. Pizzamiglio L, Perani D, Cappa SF, Vallar G, Paolucci S, Grassi F, et al. Recovery of neglect after right hemispheric damage: H2(15)O positron emission tomographic activation study. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 561-8.
89. Rastelli F, Tallon-Baudry C, Migliaccio R, Toba MN, Ducorps A, Pradat-Diehl P, et al. Neural dynamics of neglected targets in patients with right hemisphere damage. Cortex 2013; 49: 1989-96.
90. Ringman JM, Saver JL, Woolson RF, Clarke WR, Adams HP. Frequency, risk factors, anatomy, and course of unilateral neglect in an acute stroke cohort. Neurology 2004; 63: 468-74.
91. Rode G, Cotton F, Revol P, Jacquin-Courtois S, Rossetti Y, Bartolomeo P. Representation and disconnection in imaginal neglect. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48: 2903-11.
92. Rorden C, Karnath HO, Bonilha L. Improving lesion-symptom mapping. J Cogn Neurosci 2007; 19: 1081-8.
93. Saj A, Cojan Y, Vocat R, Luauté J, Vuilleumier P. Prism adaptation enhances activity of intact fronto-parietal areas in both hemispheres in neglect patients. Cortex 2013; 49: 107-19.
94. Saj A, Verdon V, Vocat R, Vuilleumier P. 'The anatomy underlying acute versus chronic spatial neglect' also depends on clinical tests. Brain 2012; 135: e207; author reply e208.
95. Scanlon C, Mueller SG, Cheong I, Hartig M, Weiner MW, Laxer KD. Grey and white matter abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without mesial temporal sclerosis. J Neurol 2013; 260: 2320-9.
96. Shinoura N, Suzuki Y, Yamada R, Tabei Y, Saito K, Yagi K. Damage to the right superior longitudinal fasciculus in the inferior parietal lobe plays a role in spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47: 2600-3.
97. Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Johansen-Berg H, Rueckert D, Nichols TE, Mackay CE, et al. Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage 2006; 31: 1487-505.
98. Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Woolrich MW, Beckmann CF, Behrens TEJ, Johansen-Berg H, et al. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage 2004; 23 ((Suppl 1): S208-19.
99. Smith SM, Nichols TE. Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. Neuroimage 2009; 44: 83-98.
100. Stone SP, Patel P, Greenwood RJ, Halligan PW. Measuring visual neglect in acute stroke and predicting its recovery: the visual neglect recovery index. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1992; 55: 431-6.
101. Thiebaut de Schotten M, Dell'Acqua F, Forkel SJ, Simmons A, Vergani F, Murphy DGM, et al. A lateralized brain network for visuospatial attention. Nat Neurosci 2011a; 14: 1245-6.
102. Thiebaut de Schotten M, ffytche DH, Bizzi A, Dell'Acqua F, Allin M, Walshe M, et al. Atlasing location, asymmetry and inter-subject variability of white matter tracts in the human brain with MR diffusion tractography. Neuroimage 2011b; 54: 49-59.
103. Thiebaut de Schotten M, Tomaiuolo F, Aiello M, Merola S, Silvetti M, Lecce F, et al. Damage to white matter pathways in subacute and chronic spatial neglect: a group study and 2 single-case studies with complete virtual 'in vivo' tractography dissection. Cereb Cortex 2014; 24: 691-706.
104. Thiebaut de Schotten M, Urbanski M, Duffau H, Volle E, Lévy R, Dubois B, et al. Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans. Science 2005; 309: 2226-8.
105. Thomalla G, Glauche V, Weiller C, Röther J. Time course of wallerian degeneration after ischaemic stroke revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2005; 76: 266-268.
106. Tomaiuolo F, Voci L, Bresci M, Cozza S, Posteraro F, Oliva M, et al. Selective visual neglect in right brain damaged patients with sple-nial interhemispheric disconnection. Exp Brain Res 2010; 206: 209-17.
107. Umarova RM, Reisert M, Beier TU, Kiselev VG, Klöppel S, Kaller CP, et al. Attention-network specific alterations of structural connectivity in the undamaged white matter in acute neglect. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35: 4678-92.
108. Urbanski M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Rodrigo S, Catani M, Oppenheim C, Touzé E, et al. Brain networks of spatial awareness: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging tractography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2008; 79: 598-601.
109. Urbanski M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Rodrigo S, Oppenheim C, Touzé E, Méder J-F, et al. DTI-MR tractography of white matter damage in stroke patients with neglect. Exp Brain Res 2011; 208: 491-505.
110. Vallar G, Perani D, Cappa SF, Messa C, Lenzi GL, Fazio F. Recovery from aphasia and neglect after subcortical stroke: neuropsycho-logical and cerebral perfusion study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1988; 51: 1269-76.
111. Vallar G, Perani D. The anatomy of unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke lesions. A clinical/CT-scan correlation study in man. Neuropsychologia 1986; 24: 609-22.
112. Viscomi MT, Molinari M. Remote neurodegeneration: multiple actors for one play. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50: 38-89.
113. Volle E, Kinkingnéhun S, Pochon J-B, Mondon K, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Seassau M, et al. The functional architecture of the left posterior and lateral prefrontal cortex in humans. Cereb Cortex 2008; 18: 2460-29.
114. Vuilleumier P, Hester D, Assal G, Regli F. Unilateral spatial neglect recovery after sequential strokes. Neurology 1996; 46: 184-1.
115. Wilke M, Kagan I, Andersen RA. Functional imaging reveals rapid reorganization of cortical activity after parietal inactivation in monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 8274-9.
116. Yin D, Yan X, Fan M, Hu Y, Men W, Sun L, et al. Secondary degeneration detected by combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics in subcortical strokes with different outcomes in hand function. Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34: 1341-7.