The discovery of the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India, and its petroleum geology

AAPG Bulletin

Volumn 99, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 433-465

  Dolson, John ^a   Burley, Stuart D ^b,c,d   Sunder, V R ^b   Kothari, V ^b   Naidu, Bodapati ^b   Whiteley, Nicholas P ^b   Farrimond, Paul ^e   Taylor, Andrew ^f   Direen, Nicholas ^g,h   Ananthakrishnan, B ^b  

^a DSP Ceosciences and Associ LLC   (United States)

^b India Ltd   (India)

^c KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN BHD   (Malaysia)

^e IGI Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^f RPS   (United Kingdom)

^g FROCTECH   (Australia)

^h EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; STRATIGRAPHY;

CLASTIC RESERVOIRS; LATE CENOZOIC; MAGNETIC DATA; MARINE WATERS; OIL AND GAS PROVINCES; RAJASTHAN , INDIA; SHALLOW ESTUARY; SOURCE ROCKS;

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY;

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CENOZOIC; FUTURE PROSPECT; GAS FIELD; GEOLOGY; MESOZOIC; OIL FIELD; PALEOCENE; PETROLEUM; SEDIMENTARY ROCK;

BARMER; CAMBAY BASIN; GUJARAT; INDIA; KUTCH BASIN; RAJASTHAN;

CALLUNA VULGARIS;

EID: 84927169185     PISSN: 01491423     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1306/10021414045     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Acharyya, S., 1991, Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Indian subcontinent: A review: Cretaceous Research, v. 12, p. 3-26.
2. Armitage, J. J., J. S. Collier, T. A. Minshull, and T. J. Henstock, 2011, Thin oceanic crust and flood basalts: India-Seychelles breakup: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. 12, p. 1-25.
3. Babault, J., A. Teixell, L. Struth, J. V. D. Driessche, M. L. Arboleya, and E. Teson, 2013, Shortening, structural relief and drainage evolution in inverted rifts: Insights from the Atlas Mountains, the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and the Pyrenees, in M. Nemc, A. R. Mora, and J. W. Cosgrove, eds., Thick-skin-dominated orogens: From initial inversion to full accretion: London, England, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 377, p. 141-158.
4. Baksi, A. K., 2001, The Rajahmundry Traps, Andhra Pradesh: Evaluation of their petrogenesis relative to the Deccan Traps: Earth System Science, v. 110, p. 397-407.
5. Banerjee, A., S. Pahari, M. Jha, A. K. Sinha, A. K. Jain, N. Kumar, N. J. Thomas, K. N. Misra, and K. Chandra, 2002, The effective source rocks in the Cambay basin, India: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 433-456.
6. Banerjee, A., and K. I. N. Rao, 1993, Geochemical evaluation of part of the Cambay Basin, India: AAPG Bulletin, v. 77, p. 29-48.
7. Barooha, S. K., 1950, Fossil fish and crabs from the Fullers Earth deposits of Jodhpur State: Current Science, v. 19, p. 165-169.
8. 3He plume origin for the Deccan Flood Basalts: Science, v. 261, p. 902-906, doi:10.1126/science.261.5123.902.
9. Biswas, S. K., 1982, Rift basins in Western Margin of India and their hydrocarbon prospects with special reference to Kutch Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 66, p. 1497-1513.
10. Bladon, A., S. D. Burley, S. M. Clarke, and H. Beaumont, 2014a, Geology and regional significance of the Sarnoo Hills, eastern rift margin of the Banner Basin, NW India: Basin Research, v. 26, http://onlinelibrarywiley.com/doi/10.1111/bre.12093/abstract.
11. Bladon, A., S. M. Clarke, and S. D. Burley, 2014b, Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights from the Banner Basin rift and their regional implications: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 63, doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.017.
12. Bladon, A. J., S. M. Clarke, S. D. Burley, N. Whiteley, V. Kothari, and P. Mohapatra, 2014c, Structural inheritance in the Banner Basin, India: Its influence on early-stage rift evolution and structural geometries: AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, Search and Discovery Article #10593, 19p., accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2014/10593bladon/ndx-bladon.pdf.html.
13. Blanford, W. T., 1876, Geological notes on the Great Indian Desert between Sind and Rajputana: Records of the Geological Survey of India, v. 10, p. 10-21.
14. Bower, S. L., J. L. Brady, and R. Frost, 2006, The role of biostratigraphy in exploration-led play prediction: The importance of regional subsurface chrono-sequence stratigraphy in rapid basin evaluation, Barmer Basin, India (abs.): AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90052, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2006/06088houston-abs/abstracts/bower.htm.
15. Burley, S. D., N. Whiteley, A. B. A. Jha, and D. Ginger, 2011, Hidden beneath desert sands - Discovery of the Barmer Basin, AAPG Annual Convention: Houston, Texas, AAPG, accessed January 15, 2015, http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2011/discoverythinking/ndx-intro.pdf.html.
16. Chaika, C., and L. A. Williams, 2001, Density and mineralogy variations as a function of porosity in the Miocene Monterey Formation oil and gas reservoirs in California: AAPG Bulletin, v. 85, p. 149-167.
17. Chamyal, L. S., D. M. Maurya, and R. Raj, 2003, Fluvial systems of the drylands of western India: a synthesis of late quaternary environmental and tectonic changes: Quaternary International, v. 104, p. 69-86.
18. Chandrasekaran, V., and M. P. Chawade, 1990, Carbonatites of the Barmer District, Rajasthan: Indian Minerals, v. 44, p. 315-324.
19. Chandrasekaran, V., R. K. Srivastava, and M. P. Chawade, 1990, Geochemistry of the alkaline rocks of Sarnu-Dandali area, Barmer district, Rajasthan, India: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 36, p. 365-382.
20. Chandrasekaran, V., and R. K. Srivastava, 1992, Multivariate statistical analysis of polyphase igneous rocks of Malani Igneous Province with special reference to Sarnu Dandali area, west Rajasthan: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 40, p. 217-233.
21. Chowdhury, M., D. Singhal, M. S. Sunder, T. O'Sullivan, P. A. Hansen, and S. D. Burley, 2011, Reservoir characterization of the low permeability siliceous Barmer Hill Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE-146474-MS, 11p., doi: 10.2118/146474-MS.
22. Clift, P. D., A. Carter, M. Krol, and E. Kirby, 2002, Constraints on India-Eurasia collision in the Arabian Sea region taken from the Indus Group, Ladakh Himalaya, India, in P. D. Clift, D. Kroon, C. Gaedicke, and J. Craig, eds., The tectonic and climatic evolution of the Arabian Sea region: London, England, The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 195, p. 97-116.
23. Cloetingh, S., F. Beekman, P. A. Ziegler, J.-D. V. Wees, and D. Sokoutis, 2008, Post-rift compressional reactivation potential of passive margins and extensional basins, in H. Johnson, A. G. Dore, R. W. Gatliff, W. Holdsworth, E. R. Lundin, and J. D. Ritchie, eds., The nature and origin of compression in passive margins: London, United Kingdom, The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 306, p. 27-70.
24. Collier, J. A., V. Sansom, O. Ishizuka, R. N. Taylor, T. A. Minshull, and R. B. Whitmarsh, 2008, Age of Seychelles-India break-up: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 272, p. 264-277.
25. Collins, A. S., and B. F. Windley, 2002, The tectonic evolution of Central and Northerm Madagascar and its place in the final assembly of Gondwana: Journal of Geology, v. 110, p. 325-339, doi:10.1086/jg.2002.110.issue-3.
26. Compton, P. M., 2009, The geology of the Bamer Basin, Rajasthan, India, and the origins of its major oil reservoir, the Fatehgarh Formation: Petroleum Geoscience, v. 15, p. 117-130.
27. Craig, J., U. Biffi, R. F. Galimberti, K. A. R. Ghori, J. D. Gorter, N. Hakhoo, D. P. Le Heron, J. Thurowe, and M. Vecoli, 2013, The paleobiology and geochemistry of Precambrian hydrocarbon source rocks: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 40, p. 1-47.
28. Dandamudi, S., and K. S. Misra, 2012, Comparative geological study of hydrocarbons producing Barmer and Jaisalmer basins in Rajasthan, Western India: GEO-2012, 10th Middle East Geosciences Conference and Exhibition, Manama, Bahrain, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90141geo/abstracts/dandamudi.htm.
29. Davis, J. K., J. G. Meert, and M. K. Pandit, 2014, Paleomagnetic analysis of the Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, India and proposed interbasinal correlations: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 91, p. 339-351, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.09.027.
30. DeCelles, P. G., G. E. Gehrels, Y. Najman, A. J. Martin, A. Carter, and E. Garzanti, 2004, Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous-Early Miocene strata of Nepal: Implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 227, p. 313-330.
31. Dhir, R. P., L. Alappat, P. Rakshit, P. Mukarjee, R. S. Raghav, P. C. Srivastava, S. K. Wadhawan, and A. K. Singhvi, 2012, Field Guide - Thar Desert. Desert Dune Systems, Past Dynamics and Chronology, International Workshop on Desert Dune Systems, Ahmedabad, India, Desert Research Institute, accessed January 15, 2015, http://inquadunesatlas.dri.edu/Thar-Field-Guide-Complete.pdf, 103p.
32. Dupont-Nivet, G., P. C. Lippert, D. J. J. V. Hinsbergen, M. J. M. Meijers, and P. Kapp, 2010, Palaeolatitude and age of the Indo-Asia collision: Palaeomagnetic constraints: Geophysical Journal International, v. 182, p. 1189-1198.
33. Dyksterhuis, S., P. Rey, R. D. Müller, and L. Moresi, 2007, Effects of initial weakness on rift architecture, in G. D. Karner, G. Manatschal, and L. M. Pinheiro, eds., Imaging, mapping and modelling continental lithosphere extension and breakup: Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 282, p. 443-455.
34. Eagles, G., and H. H. Hoang, 2014, Cretaceous to present kinematics of the Indian, African and Seychelles plates. Geophysical Journal International, v. 196, p. 1-14.
35. Ebinger, C. J., J. A. Jackson, A. N. Foster, and N. J. Hayward, 1999, Extensional basin geometry and the elastic lithosphere: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, v. 357, p. 741-765, doi:10.1098/rsta.1999.0351.
36. Eliet, P., R. Heaton, and M. Watts, 2005, The Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India - The ingredients which led to exploration success (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2005/annual/abstracts/eliet.htm?q=%2Btextstrip%3Aeliet.
37. Knott, S. D., A. Beach, A. I. Welbon, and P. J. Brockbank, 1995, Basin inversion in the Gulf of Suez: Implications for exploration and development in failed rifts, in J. G. Buchanan and P. G. Buchanan, eds., Basin inversion: London, England, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 88, p. 59-81.
38. Kulkarni, P., 2010, Harvesting oil in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India: Journal of Petroleum Technology, p. 36-39.
39. Kumar, A., and R. Sinha, 2010, Well field design for abstraction of high volume saline groundwater from the Thumbli aquifer, Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India (abs.): XXXVII IAH International Congress (Krakov) Extended
40. LaTouche, T. H. D., 1902, Geology of Western Rajputana: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, p. 1-116.
41. Law, C, 1999, Evaluating source rocks, in N. Foster and E. A. Beaumont, eds., Treatise of the handbook of petroleum geology: AAPG, p. 6-1-6-41.
42. Lawver, L. A., M. F. Coffin, L. M. Gahagan, D. A. Campbell, and J.-Y. Royer, 2000, Opening of the Indian Ocean: Austin, Texas, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, 12 slides.
43. Lawver, L. A., I. W. D. Dalziel, and L. M. Gahagan, 2006, PLATES: 2006 Atlas of Plate Reconstructions (750 Ma to Present Day): Austin, Texas, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, 121 slides.
44. Lezzar, K. L., J. J. Tiercelin, C. Le Turdu, A. S. Cohen, D. J. Reynolds, B. Le Gall, and C. A. Scholz, 2002, Control of normal fault interaction on the distribution of major Neogene sedimentary depocenters, Lake Tanganyika, East African rift: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1027-1059.
45. Mathur, S. K., S. C. Mathur, and R. S. Loyal, 2006, First micro-vertebrate assemblage from the Fatehgarh Formation (Cretaceous), Barmer District, Western Rajasthan: Journal Geological Society of India, v. 67, p. 759-769.
46. McClay, K. R., 1995, 2D and 3D analogue modeling of exten-sional fault structures: Templates for seismic interpretation: Petroleum Geoscience, v. 1, p. 163-178.
47. Meert, J. G., M. K. Pandit, and G. D. Kamenov, 2013, Further geochronological and paleomagnetic constraints on Malani (and pre-Malani) magmatism in NW India: Tectonphysics, v. 608, p. 1254-1267.
48. Morley, C. K., 1995, Developments in the structural geology of rifts over the last decade and their impact on hydrocarbon exploration, in J. J. Lambiase, ed., Hydrocarbon habitat in rift basins: The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 80, p. 1-32.
49. Morley, C. K., C. Haranya, W. Pongwapee, A. Komsawan, and N. Wonganan, 2004, Activation of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style: Examples from the rifts of Thailand: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 26, p. 1803-1829.
50. Morley, C. K., D. K. Ngenoh, and J. K. Ego, 1999, Introduction to the East African rift system, in C. K. Morley, ed., Geoscience of rift systems - Evolution of East Africa: AAPG Studies in Geology 44, p. 1-18.
51. Naidu, B. N., V. Kothari, N. J. Whiteley, J. Guttormsen, and S. Burley, 2012, Calibrated basin modelling to understand hydrocarbon distribution in Barmer Basin, India (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, Singapore: AAPG Search and Discovery Article #10448, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90155ice/abstracts/na.htm.
52. O'Sullivan, T., M. De, K. Arora, N. J. Whiteley, J. Guttormsen, and J. Dolson, 2012, Perched water in the Barmer Basin, India - Recognition and implications (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, Singapore: AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90155, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90155ice/abstracts/o2.htm.
53. O'Sullivan, T., K. Praveer, K. Shanley, J. C. Dolson, and R. Woodhouse, 2008a, Residual hydrocarbons - A trap for the unwary: SPE 128013, 14p.
54. O'Sullivan, T., M. Singhal, and P. Agnihotri, 2011, Formation evaluation of a volcanic reservoir: Barmer Basin, India (abs.): 2nd South Asian Geoscience Conference, GEO India 2012, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/abstracts/pdf/2011/geo-india/abstracts/ndx-osullivan.pdf.html.
55. O'Sullivan, T., R. J. Zittel, D. Beliveveau, S. Wheaton, H. R. Warner, R. Woodhouse, and B. Ananthakrishnan, 2008b, Very low water saturations within the sandstones of the Northern Barmer Basin, India: SPE 113162, 14p.
56. Pande, K., 2002, Age and duration of the Deccan Traps, India: A review of radiometric and paleomagnetic constraints: Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Sciences), p. 115-123.
57. Pandey, D. K., and T. Bahadur, 2009, A review of the stratigraphy of Marwar Supergroup of West-central Rajasthan: Journal Geological Society of India, v. 73, p. 747-758.
58. Pandey, D. K., and B. Bhadu, 2010, Inter-basinal correlation of Paleogene sediments of Jaisalmer and Barmer basins, Western India: An approach by sequence stratigraphy: 8th Biennial International Conference and Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics, 4p.
59. Pandey, D. K., J. Sha, and S. Choudhary, 2010, Sedimentary cycles in the Callovian-Oxfordian of the Jaisalmere Basin, Rajasthan, India: Volumina Jurassic, v. 9, p. 131-162.
60. Patton, T. L., A. R. Moustafa, R. A. Nelson, and S. A. Abdine, 1994, Tectonic evolution and structural setting of the Gulf of Suez rift, in S. M. Landon, ed., Interior rift basins: AAPG Memoir 59: Tulsa, Oklahoma, AAPG, p. 9-56.
61. Peters, K. E., M. E. Clark, U. D. Gupta, M. A. McCaffrey, and C. Y. Lee, 1995, Recognition of an Infracambrian source rock based on biomarkers in the Baghewala-1 oil, India: AAPG Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1481-1494.
62. Pittman, E., 1992, Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone: AAPG Bulletin, v. 76, p. 191-198.
63. Prasad, B., B. Prasad, R. Asher, and B. Borgohai, 2010, Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran)-Early Paleozoic (Cambrian) Acritarchs from the Marwar Supergroup, Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, Rajasthan: Journal Geological Society of India, v. 75, p. 415-431.
64. Reeves, C. V., and M. J. D. Wit, 2000, Making ends meet in Gondwana: Retracing the transforms of the Indian Ocean and reconnecting continental shear zones: Terra Nova, v. 12, p. 272-282.
65. Rehman, H. U., T. Seno, H. Yamamoto, and T. Khan, 2011, Timing of the collision of the Kohistan-Ladakh Arc with India and Asia: Debate: Island Arc, v. 20, p. 308-328.
66. Reid, S. A., and J. L. Mclntyre, 2001, Monterey Formation por-cellanite reservoirs of the Elk Hills field, Kern County, California: AAPG Bulletin, v. 85, p. 169-189.
67. Robison, C. R., M. A. Smith, and R. A. Royle, 1999, Organic facies in Cretaceous and Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 39, p. 205-225.
68. Rowley, E. J., S. Mathur, S. Mokashi, and B. Ghosh, 2008, The structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Banner Basin, Rajasthan (abs.): Geo India Expo XXI, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2008/geo-india/abstracts/rowley.htm.
69. Roy, A. B., and S. Pandey, 1970, Expansion or contraction of the Great Indian Desert: Proceedings Indian National Science Academy, v. 36B, p. 331-344.
70. Sahni, A., and N. K. Choudhary, 1972, Lower Eocene fishes from Barmer, Southwestern Rajasthan: India Procedures Indian National Science Academy, v. 38, p. 97-102.
71. Sarkar, S., P. Samanta, S. Mukhopadhyay, and P. K. Bose, 2012, Stratigraphic architecture of the Sonia Fluvial interval, India in its Precambrian context: PreCambrian Research, v. 214, p. 210-226.
72. Schowalter, T. T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, p. 723-760.
73. Schowalter, T. T., and P. D. Hess, 1982, Interpretation of subsurface hydrocarbon shows: AAPG Bulletin, v. 66, p. 1302-1327.
74. 39AR geochronology and geochemistry of the Tavidar volcanic suite: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 59, p. 127-140, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.021.
75. Sharma, K. K., 2004, The Neoproterozoic Malani magmatism of the northwestern Indian shield: Implications for crust-building processes: Proceeding of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth Planetary Sciences), v. 113, p. 795-807.
76. Sharma, K. K., 2007, K-T magmatism and basin tectonism in western Rajasthan, India: Results from extensional tectonics and not from Reunion plume activity, in G. R. Foulger and D. M. Jurdy, eds., Plates, plumes and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430, p. 775-784.
77. Sheth, H. C, 2005, From Deccan to Reunion: No trace of mantle plume, in G. R. Foulger, J. H. Natland, D. C. Presnall, and D. L. Anderson, eds., Plates, plumes and paradigms: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 388, p. 477-501.
78. Sheth, H. C, 2007, Plume-related regional prevolcanic uplift in the Deccan Traps: Absence of evidence, evidence of absence: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 430, p. 785-813.
79. Siddiquie, H. N., 1962, The Jodhpur - Malani divide separating the Barmer and Jaisalmer Basins: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 4, p. 97-108.
80. Singh, A. P., V. R. Sunder, R. J. Raine, A. M. Taylor, and T. Gould, 2012, High resolution correlation of facies between closely spaced wells and its impact on water injection and oil production: A pilot study for chemical EOR in fluvial reservoirs from the Mangala field, Barmer Basin, India: AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, Singapore, AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90155, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90155ice/abstracts/si.htm.
81. Singhvi, A. K., M. A. J. Williams, S. N. Rajaguru, V. N. Misra, S. Chawla, S. Stokes, N. Chauhan, T. Francis, R. K. Ganjoo, and G. S. Humphreys, 2010, A ~200 ka record of climatic change and dune activity in the Thar Desert, India: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 29, p. 3095-3105.
82. Sisodia, M. S., and U. K. Singh, 2000, Depositional environment and hydrocarbon prospects of the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India: Nafta, Zagreb (Croatia), v. 51, p. 309-326.
83. Sisodia, M. S., U. K. Singh, F. Lashkari, P. N. Shukla, and N. Bhandari, 2005, Mineralogy and trace element chemistry of the siliceous earth of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan: Evidence for a volcanic origin: Journal of Earth Systems Science, v. 114, p. 111-124.
84. Storey, M., J. J. Mahoney, A. D. Saunders, R. A. Duncan, S. P. Kelley, and M. F. Coffin, 1995, Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India: Science, v. 10, p. 852-855.
85. Thomas, J. V., A. Kar, A. J. Kailath, N. Juyal, S. N. Rajaguru, and A. K. Singhvi, 1999, Late Pleistocene history of aeolian accumulation in the Thar desert, India: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, v. 116, p. 181-194.
86. Tripathi, S. K. M., M. Kumar, and D. Srivastava, 2009, Palynology of Lower Paleogene (Thanetian-Ypresian) coastal deposits from the Barmer Basin (Akli Formation), Western Rajasthan, India: Palaeoenvironmental and palaeo-climatic implications: Geologica Acta, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 147-160.
87. Torsvik, T. H., H. Amundsen, E. H. Hartz, F. Corfu, N. Kusznir, C. Gaina, P. V. Doubrovine, B. Sternberger, L. D. Ashwal, and B. Jamtveit, 2013, A Precambrian microcontinent in the Indian Ocean: Nature Geoscience, v. 6, p. 223-227, doi:10.1038/ngeol736.
88. Underhill, J. R., M. J. Sawyer, P. Hodgson, M. D. Shallcross, and R. L. Gawthorpe, 1999, Implications of fault scarp degradation in the Brent Group prospectivity, Ninian field, Northern North Sea: AAPG Bulletin, v. 81, p. 999-1022.
89. Welbon, A. F., P. J. Brockbank, D. Brunsden, and T. S. Olsen, 2007, Characterizing and producing from reservoirs in landslides: Challenges and opportunities, in S. J. Jolley, D. Barr, J. J. Walsh, and R. J. Knipe, eds., Structurally complex reservoirs: London, United Kingdom, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 292, p. 49-74.
90. Whiteley, N. J., S. Burley, B. Ananthakrishnan, and D. Ginger, 2012, The discoveries of the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India (abs.): AAPG International Conference and Exhibition, Singapore, AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90155, accessed January 15, 2015, www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90155ice/abstracts/whit.htm.
91. Widdowson, M., S. Kelley, and R. Spicer, 2000, Determinations for the duration and timing of the Deccan CFB, Goldschmidt 2000, Oxford, United Kingdom, Cambridge Publications: Journal of Conference Abstracts, p. 1087.
92. Williams, L. A., G. A. Parks, and D. A. Crerar, 1985, Silica diagenesis I: Solubility controls: Journal Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, p. 301-311.
93. Withjack, M. A., R. W. Schlische, and P. E. Olsen, 2002, Rift basin structure and its influence on sedimentary systems, in Sedimentation in Continental Rifts: SEPM Special Publication, v. 73, p. 57-81.
94. Zhu, B., W. S. Kidd, D. B. Rowley, B. S. Currie, and N. Shafique, 2005, Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in the East-Central Himalaya: Journal of Geology, v. 113, p. 265-285.
95. Ziegler, P. A., and S. Cloetingh, 2004, Dynamic processes controlling evolution of rifted basins: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 64, p. 1-50, doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00041-2.