How East Asians View the Rise of China

Journal of Contemporary China

Volumn 24, Issue 93, 2015, Pages 398-420

  Chu, Yun Han ^a   Kang, Liu ^b,c   Huang, Min Hua ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH;

CHINA; JAPAN; MONGOLIA; SOUTH KOREA; TAIWAN;

EID: 84926520366     PISSN: 10670564     EISSN: 14699400     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2014.953810     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Yanzhong Huang and Sheng Ding, ‘Dragon’s underbelly: an analysis of China’s soft power’, East Asia 23(4), (2006), pp. 22-44
2. Sheng Ding, ‘Analyzing rising power from the perspective of soft power: a new look at China’s rise to the status quo power’, Journal of Contemporary China 19(64), (2010), pp. 255-272
3. Gang Chen et al., Soft Power: China’s Emerging Strategy in International Politics, edited by Mingjiang Li (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009).
4. Xinhuanet, ‘[‘China enhances its soft power: “Beijing Consensus” replace “Washington consensus”’], China.org.cn, (13 June 2004), available at: http://big5.china.com.cn?chinese/2004/Jun/585277.htm.
5. ‘Hu Jintao calls for enhancing “soft power” of Chinese culture’, Xinhuanet, (15 October 2007), available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/15/content_6883748.htm.
6. Wu Jin, ‘China’s public diplomacy at crossroads’, China.org.cn, (5 March 2012), available at: http://www. china.org.cn/china/NPC_CPPCC_2012/2012-03/05/content_24811109.htm.
7. Ian Storey, ‘China’s “charm offensive” loses momentum in Southeast Asia [Part I]’, China Brief 10(9), (2010).
8. Emma V. Broomfield, ‘Perceptions of danger: the China threat theory’, Journal of Contemporary China 12(35), (2003), pp. 265-284.
9. Zheng Bijian, ‘China’s “peaceful rise” to great-power status’, Foreign Affairs 84(5), (2005), pp. 18-24
10. Elizabeth Economy, ‘China’s rise in Southeast Asia: implications for the United States’, Journal of Contemporary China 14(44), (2005), pp. 409-425.
11. ‘China: second in line’, The Economist, (16 August 2010).
12. ‘China passes Japan as second-largest economy’, The New York Times, (15 August 2010).
13. Joseph Nye Jr, ‘Why China is weak on soft power’, The New York Times, (17 January 2012).
14. Joseph Nye Jr, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005), p. 120.
15. The Pew Global Attitudes Survey covers only a handful of East Asian countries and in several countries it covers only the urban population.
16. This battery was jointly designed by Asian Barometer and Shanghai Jiatong University’s National Image Project. The same battery has been applied to the United States, as well as African and Latin American countries under the auspices of National Image Project.
17. The Asian Barometer Survey (ABS) represents the region’s first collaborative initiative to develop a regional network of democracy studies based on surveying ordinary citizens. Between 2001 and 2012 the ABS has implemented three rounds of comparative survey in East Asia. Its first-round survey covered eight East Asian countries and territories, namely Japan, South Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong and China. During the second-round survey, its geographical scope was enlarged to cover five more countries in the region, namely Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Cambodia. All ABS data were collected through faceto-face interviews of randomly selected eligible voters in each participating country. Interested readers are welcome to browse the project’s website (www.asianbarometer.org) for methodological details.
18. Please refer to Appendix 1 for details of the survey schedule in each country or territory. In the following analysis, we do not include the case of Hong Kong since the target of analysis is independent polity in international relations and Hong Kong does not qualify by this criterion.
19. the discussion of the China model in this issue: Bridget Welsh and Alex Chang, ‘Choosing China: public perceptions of “China as a model”’, Journal of Contemporary China 24(93), (2015), DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2014.953847.
20. ‘China passes Japan as second-largest economy’, The New York Times.
21. Angus Maddison, Contours of the World Economy 1—2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
22. Mark Weisbrot, ‘2016: when China overtakes the US’, The Guardian, (27 April 2011), available at: http:/?www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/apr/27/china-imf-economy-2016.
23. Mark Weisbrot, ‘How to get a date: the year when the Chinese economy will truly eclipse America’s is in sight’, The Economist, (31 December 2011), available at: http://www.economist.com/node/21542155.
24. Stephen Walt, ‘Alliance formation and the balance of world power’, International Security 9(4), (Spring 1985), pp. 3-43.
25. David Kang, China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007).
26. We asked all respondents a set of question that taps into the respondent’s evaluation about the impact of China on the region, regardless of whether they think China is the most influential country in the region or not. Please refer to Appendix 2 for the exact wording of our battery.
27. Justin Li, ‘Chinese investment in Mongolia: an uneasy courtship between Goliath and David’, East Asia Forum, (2 February 2011), available at: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/02/02/chinese-investment-in-mongoliaan-uneasy-courtship-between-goliath-and-david/.
28. For both Figures 1 and 2, only respondents giving a clear-cut answer are included in the analysis. Respondents who answered ‘cannot choose’ or ‘don’t know’ are omitted. The second question about China’s influence was not asked in Vietnam.
29. We applied IRT factor analysis by Mplus 6.0 to form a latent construct for ‘social traditionalism’, ‘liberal democratic values’ and ‘support for democracy’. Details on the IRT factor analysis can be found in Yun-han Chu and Min-hua Huang, ‘Solving an Asian puzzle’, Journal of Democracy 21(4), (October 2010), pp. 114-122.
30. Please refer to Appendix 2 for the exact wording of the battery.
31. For an elaboration of the Support for Democracy scale, Yun-han Chu, ‘The evolution of political values’, in Larry Diamond and Bruce Gilley, eds, Political Change in China: Comparison with Taiwan (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2008).
32. For an elaboration of the Liberal Democratic Values scale, Yun-han Chu, ‘The evolution of political values’.
33. In the interest of space, we did not include the results of country-by-country analyses.
34. Derek McDougall, ‘Responses to “rising China” in the East Asian region: soft balancing with accommodation’, Journal of Contemporary China 21(73), (2012), pp. 1-17.
35. Evelyn Goh, ‘Understanding “hedging” in Asia-Pacific security’, PacNet 43 (Honolulu: Pacific Forum CSIS, 31 August 2006).
36. Chien-peng Chung, ‘Southeast Asia-China relations: dialectics of “hedging” and “counter-hedging”’, in Southeast Asian Affairs 2004 (Singapore: ISEAS, 2004).
37. Yinan He, ‘40 years in paradox: post-normalisation Sino-Japanese relations’, China Perspectives 4, (2013), pp. 7-16;
38. Mark Beeson and Fujian Li, ‘Charmed or alarmed? Reading China’s regional relations’, Journal of Contemporary China 21(73), (2012), pp. 35-51.
39. Suisheng Zhao, ‘Foreign policy implications of Chinese nationalism revisited: the strident turn’, Journal of Contemporary China 22(82), (2013), pp. 535-553.
40. Biwu Zhang, ‘Chinese perceptions of US return to Southeast Asia and the prospect of China’s peaceful rise’, Journal of Contemporary China 24(91), (2014), DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2014.918419.