The Impact of Policy, Environmental, and Educational Interventions: A Synthesis of the Evidence From Two Public Health Success Stories

Health Education and Behavior

Volumn 42, Issue , 2015, Pages 20-34

  Gielen, Andrea C ^a   Green, Lawrence W ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

ecological model; environmental intervention; motor vehicle safety; policy intervention; tobacco control

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENT; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MASS MEDIUM; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; POLICY; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SMOKING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL NORM; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ENVIRONMENT; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMANS; MASS MEDIA; POLICY; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; SMOKING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL NORMS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84926288050     PISSN: 10901981     EISSN: 15526127     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1090198115570049     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Allegrante J. P.,Marks R.,Hanson D. W.Injury and violence prevention: Behavioral science theories, methods, and applications. Gielen A. C.Sleet D.DiClemente R., ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2006:105-126.
2. Allegrante J. P.,Hanson D. W.,Sleet D. A.,Marks R.Ecological approaches to the prevention of unintentional injuries.Italian Journal of Public Health. 2010;7 (2): 24-31
3. Baker S. P.Motor vehicle occupant deaths in young children.Pediatrics. 1979;64:860-861
4. Bartholomew L. K.,Parcel G. S.,Kok G.,Gottlieb N. H.,Fernàndez M.Planning health promotion programs: An intervention mapping approach. 2011. Planning health promotion programs: An intervention mapping approach (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2011:
5. Been J. V.,Nurmatov U. B.,Cox B.,Nawrot T. S.,van Schayck C. P.,Sheikh A.Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet. 2014;383:1549-1560
6. Bergen G.,Pitan A.,Qu S.,Shults R. A.,Chattopadhyay S. K.,Elder R. W.,.. Calvert W. B.Publicized sobriety checkpoint programs: A community guide systematic review.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;46:529-539
7. Reducing the burden of injury: Advancing prevention and treatment. Bonnie R. J.Fulco C. E.Liverman C. T., ed. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1999:
8. Dissemination and implementation research in health. Translating science to practice. Brownson R.Colditz G.Proctor E. K., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2012:
9. California tobacco control update 2006: The social norm change approach. Sacramento, CA: Author; 2006:
10. Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Tobacco use—United States, 1900-1999.MMWR Weekly. 1999a;48:986-993
11. Ten greatest public health achievements—United States, 1900-1999.MMWR Weekly. 1999b;48:241-243
12. Motor vehicle safety: A 20th century public health achievement.JAMA. 1999c;281:2080-2082
13. Chen L.-H.,Baker S. P.,Braver E. R.,Li G.Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers.JAMA. 2000;283:1578-1582
14. Chen L.-H.,Baker S. P.,Li G.Graduated driver licensing programs and fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers: A national evaluation.Pediatrics. 2006;118:56-62
15. ChenY. Y. (2014, June). Seat belt use in 2012–Use rates in the states and territories. Traffic Safety Facts (Crash Stats DOT HS 811 809). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811809.pdf
16. Christoffel T.,Teret S. P.Protecting the public: Legal issues in injury prevention. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1993:
17. Chu C.,Simpson R.Ecological public health: From vision to practice. Nathan, Queensland, Australia/Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Griffith University/Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto; 1994:
18. Daynard R. A.Lessons from tobacco control for the obesity control movement.Journal of Public Health Policy. 2003;24:291-295
19. Dellinger A. M.,Sleet D.From modest beginnings to Winnable Battle: 20 Years of road safety efforts at CDC’s Injury Center.Journal of Safety Research. 2012;43:279-282
20. Dellinger A. M.,Sleet D. A.Lifestyle medicine. 2013. Preventing traffic injuries: Strategies that work. In RippeJ. M. (Ed.), Lifestyle medicine (2nd ed., pp. 1463-1472). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Rippe J. M., ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013:1463-1472.
21. Dellinger A. M.,Sleet D. A.,Jones B. H.Silent victories: The history and practice of public health in twentieth-century America. Ward J. W.Warren C., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007:343-362.
22. Doll R.,Hill A.Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: Preliminary report.British Medical Journal. 1950;2:739-748
23. Dorfman L.,Gonzalez P.Oxford biblilographies: Online public health. Green L., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2010:
24. Dorfman L.,Wilbur P.,Lingas E. O.,Woodruff K.,Wallack L.Accelerating policy on nutrition: Lessons from tobacco, alcohol, firearms, and traffic safety. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Media Studies Group; 2005:
25. Ellis J.,Gwynn C.,Garg R. K.,Philburn R.,Aldous K. M.,Perl S. B.,.. Frieden T. R.Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers nationally and in New York City.Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2009;11:362-370
26. Eriksen M. P.Preventing childhood obesity: Health in the balance. Koplan J. P.Liverman C. T.Kraak V. I., ed. Washington, DC: Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, National Academies Press; 2005:343-375.
27. Eriksen M. P.,Gielen A. C.The application of health education principles to automobile child restraint programs.Health Education & Behavior. 1983;10:30-41
28. Eriksen M. P.,Green L. W.,Husten C. G.,Pederson L. L.,Pechacek T. F.Silent victories: The history and practice of public health in twentieth-century America. Ward J. W.Warren C., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007:423-436.
29. Farrelly M. C.,Davis K. C.,Nonnemaker J. M.Promoting calls to a quitline: Quantifying the influence of message theme, strong negative emotions and graphic images in television advertisements. Tobacco Control. 2011;20:279-284
30. Farrelly M. C.,Pechacek T. P.,Chaloupka F. J.The impact of tobacco control program expenditure on aggregate cigarette sales: 1981-2000.Journal of Health Economics. 2003;22:843-859
31. Farrelly M. C.,Pechacek T. F.,Thomas K. Y.,Nelson D.The impact of tobacco control programs on adult smoking.American Journal of Public Health. 2008;98:304-309
32. Fichtenberg C. M.,Glantz S. A.Association of the California Tobacco Control Program with declines in cigarette consumption and mortality from heart disease.New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343:1772-1777
33. Finnegan J. R.,Viswanath K.Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. 2002. Communication theory and health behavior change: The media studies framework. In GlanzK.RimerB. K.LewisF. M. (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed., pp. 361-388). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Glanz K.Rimer B. K.Lewis F. M., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2002:361-388.
34. Frankish C. J.,Lovato C. Y.,Poureslami I.Health promotion in multicultural populations. Huff R. M.Kline M. V.Peterson D. V., ed. San Francisco, CA: Sage; 2015:64-100.
35. Freire K.,Runyan C. W.Injury and violence prevention: Behavioral science theories, methods, and applications. Gielen A. C.Sleet D. A.DiClemente R. J., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2006:127-158.
36. The public’s attitudes toward cigarette advertising and cigarette tax increase. Princeton, NJ: Author; 1993:
37. Gielen A. C.,Girasek D.Integrating behavioral and social sciences with public health. Schneiderman N.Gentry J.deSilva J. M.Speers M.Tomes H., ed. Washington, DC: APA Books; 2001:203-227.
38. Gielen A. C.,McDonald E. M.,Gary T. L.,Bone L.Health behavior and health education. 2008. Using the PRECEDE/PROCEED model to apply health behavior theories. In GlanzK.RimerB. K.LewisF. M. (Eds.), Health behavior and health education (4th ed., pp. 407-434). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Glanz K.Rimer B. K.Lewis F. M., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2008:407-434.
39. Gielen A. C.,McDonald E. M.,McKenzie L. B.Injury research, theories, methods, and approaches. Li G.Baker S. P., ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2012:549-568.
40. Gielen A. C.,Sleet D.Application of behavior-change theories and methods to injury prevention.Epidemiologic Reviews. 2003;25:65-67
41. Girasek D. C.,Gielen A. C.The effectiveness of injury prevention strategies: What does the public believe?.Health Education & Behavior. 2003;30:287-304
42. Glantz S. A.,Balbach E. D.Tobacco war: Inside the California battles. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2000:
43. Goel S.,Singh R. J.Public opinion about smoking and smoke free legislation in a district of North India.Indian Journal of Cancer. 2014;51:330-334
44. Golden S. D.,Ribisl K. M.,Perreira K. M.Economic and political influence on tobacco tax rates: A nationwide analysis of 31 years of state data.American Journal of Public Health. 2014;104:350-357
45. Gottlieb N. H.,Eriksen M. P.,Lovato C. Y.,Weinstein R. P.,Green L. W.Impact of a restrictive work site smoking policy on smoking behavior, attitudes, and norms.Journal of Occupational Medicine. 1990;32:16-23
46. Graham J. D.Injuries from traffic crashes: Meeting the challenge.Annual Review of Public Health. 1993;40:515-543
47. Green L. W.Status identity and preventive health behavior. Berkeley: University of California School of Public Health; 1970:
48. Green L. W.National policy in the promotion of health.International Journal of Health Education. 1979;22:161-168
49. Green L. W.To educate or not to educate: Is that the question?.American Journal of Public Health. 1980;70:625-626
50. Green L. W.Taxes and the tobacco wars.Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1997;156:205-206
51. Green L. W.What health education contributed to public health in the twentieth century: A glimpse through health promotion’s rear-view mirror.Annual Review of Public Health. 1999;20:67-88
52. Green L. W.From research to “best practices” in other settings and populations.American Journal of Health Behavior. 2001;25:165-178
53. Green L. W.,Glasgow R. E.,Atkins D.,Stange K.Making evidence from research more relevant, useful, and actionable in policy, program planning, and practice: Slips “twixt cup and lip.”.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2009;37:S187-S191
54. Green L. W.,Hiatt R. A.Oxford textbook of public health. 2009. Behavioural determinants of health and disease. In DetelsR.BeagleholeR. (Eds.), Oxford textbook of public health (5th ed., chap 2.3; pp. 120-138). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.Detels R.Beaglehole R., ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2009:120-138.
55. Green L. W.,Kreuter M. W.Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach. 2005. Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005:
56. Green L. W.,Lewis F. M.Measurement and evaluation in health education and health promotion. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield; 1986:
57. Green L. W.,Mercer S. L.,Rosenthal A. C.,Dietz W. H.,Husten C. G.Possible lessons for physician counselling on obesity from the progress in smoking cessation in primary care.Forum of Nutrition. 2003;56:191-194
58. Green L. W.,Nathan R.,Mercer S. L.The health of health promotion in public policy: Drawing inspiration from the tobacco control movement.Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2001;12 (2): 12-18
59. Green L. W.,Ottoson J. M.,Garcia C.,Hiatt R.Diffusion theory and knowledge dissemination, utilization, and integration in public health.Annual Review of Public Health. 2009;30:151-174
60. Green L. W.,Richard L.,Potvin L.Ecological foundations of health promotion.American Journal of Health Promotion. 1996;10:270-281
61. Hartunian N. S.,Smart C. N.,Willemain T. R.,Zador P. L.The economics of safety deregulation: Lives and dollars lost due to repeal of motorcycle helmet laws.Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 1983;8:76-98
62. Holder H. D.,Green L. W.The Oxford handbook of adolescent substance abuse. Brown S. A.Zucker R. A., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; in press:
63. Holder H. D.,Gruenewald P. J.,Ponicki W. R.,Treno A. J.,Grube J. W.,Saltz R. F.,.. Roeper P.Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries.JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;284:2341-2347
64. Health promotion in multicultural populations: A handbook for practitioners and students. Huff R. M.Kline M. V.Peterson D. V., ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; 2015:
65. Bridging the evidence gap in obesity prevention: A framework to inform decision making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2010:
66. Evaluating obesity prevention efforts: A plan for measuring progress. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2013:
67. An integrated framework for assessing the value of community-based prevention. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2012:
68. How to make young driver laws even better.Status Report. 2012;47:4
69. Isaacs S. L.,Schroeder S. A.Where the public good prevailed.The American Prospect. 2001;12 (10): 16-30
70. Koplan J.Reducing tobacco use: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000:
71. Kroeber A. L.Style and civilization. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1957:
72. Levin M.Tobacco smoking and cancer.JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association. 1950;144:782
73. Levy D.,Gallus S.,Blackman K.,Carreras G.,Vecchia C. L.,Gorini G.Italy SimSmoke: The effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in Italy.BMC Public Health. 2012;12:709
74. Lieberman L.,Diffley U.,King S.,Chanler S.,Ferrara M.,Alleyne O.,Facelle J.Local tobacco control: Application of the essential public health services model in a county health department’s efforts to Put It Out Rockland.American Journal of Public Health. 2013;:
75. Lieberman L.,Golden S. D.,Earp J. A.Structural approaches to health promotion: What do we need to know about policy and environmental change?.Health Education & Behavior. 2013;40:520-525
76. Lightwood J. M.,Glantz S. A.Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation: Myocardial infarction and stroke.Circulation. 1997;96:1089-1096
77. Martin J. B.,Green L. W.,Gielen A. C.Potential lessons from public health and health promotion for the prevention of child abuse.Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2007;34:205-222
78. Martínez-Sánchez J. M.,Ballbè M.,Fu M.,Martín-Sánchez J. C.,Gottlieb M.,Saltó E.,.. Fernández E.Attitudes towards electronic cigarettes regulation in indoor workplaces and selected public and private places: A population-based cross-sectional study.PLoS One. 2014;9 (12):
79. Mercer S.,Green L.,Nathan R.The health of health promotion in public policy: Drawing inspiration from the tobacco control movement.Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2001;12:110-116
80. Mercer S. L.,Green L. W.,Rosenthal A. C.,Husten C. G.,Khan K. L.,Dietz W. H.Possible lessons from the tobacco experience for obesity control.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003;77:1073S-1082S
81. Myers M. L.,Iscoe C.,Jennings C.,Lenox W.,Minsky E.,Sacks A.Staff report on the cigarette advertising investigation. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 1981:
82. Nader R.Unsafe at any speed: The designed-in dangers of the American automobile. New York, NY: Grossman; 1965:
83. Traffic safety facts, 1999: A compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System. Washington, DC: Author; 2000:
84. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2005, March). Motorcycle helmet use laws. Traffic Safety Facts. Retrieved from http://www.nhtsa.gov
85. Nichols J. L.Changing public behavior for better health: Is education enough?.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1994;10:19-22
86. Office on Smoking and Health. (2007). Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs (2nd ed.). Atlanta, GA: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/tobacco
87. PickrellT. (2009, June). Child restraint use in 2008—Demographic results. Traffic Safety Facts (Research note DOT HS 811 148). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811148.pdf
88. Pollack K. M.,Frattaroli S.,Young J. L.,Dana-Sacco G.,Gielen A. C.Motor vehicle deaths among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations.Epidemiological Reviews. 2011;34:73-88
89. Pollack K. M.,Samuels A.,Frattaroli S.,Gielen A. C.The translation imperative: Moving research into policy.Injury Prevention. 2010;16:141-142
90. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Rivara F. P.MacKenzie E. J., ed. 1999:1-90.
91. Robertson L. S.Crash involvement of teenaged drivers when driver education is eliminated from high school.American Journal of Public Health. 1980;70:599-603
92. Robertson L. S.,Zador P. L.Driver education and fatal crash involvement of teenaged drivers.American Journal of Public Health. 1978;68:959-965
93. Shiffman S.,Mason K. M.,Henningfield J. E.Tobacco dependence treatments: Review and prospectus.Annual Review of Public Health. 1998;19:335-358
94. Shope J. T.,Molnar L. J.,Elliott M. R.,Waller P. F.Graduated driver licensing in Michigan: Early impact on motor vehicle crashes among 16-year-old drivers.JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;286:1593-1598
95. Simons-Morton B.,McLeroy K. R.,Wendel M. L.Behavior theory in health promotion practice and research. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2012:
96. Sleet D. A.Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt. The guide to community preventive services, reducing injuries to motor vehicle occupants, systematic reviews of evidence, recommendations from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services, and expert commentary.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2001;21:
97. SleetD. A.DellingerA.VianoD. (2013). Motor vehicle injury prevention. In Oxford bibliographies online. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756797/obo-9780199756797-0076.xml
98. Sleet D. A.,Gielen A. C.Health promotion in practice. Gorin S. S.Arnold J., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2006:361-391.
99. Sleet D. A.,Mercer S.,Cole K. H.,Shults R.,Elder R.,Nichols J.Scientific evidence and policy change: Lowering the legal limit to 0.08% in the USA.Global Health Promotion. 2011;18 (1): 23-26
100. The guide to community preventive services: What works to promote health?. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2005:
101. Tauras J. A.,Chaloupka F. J.,Farrelly M. C.,Giovino G. A.,Wakefield M.,Johnston L. D.,.. Pechacek T. F.State tobacco control spending and youth smoking.American Journal of Public Health. 2005;95:338-344
102. Endangered investment: Toward a tobacco-free California 2009-2011—Master plan. Sacramento, CA: Author; 2009:
103. Saving lives, saving money: Toward a tobacco-free California 2012-2014–Master plan executive summary. Sacramento, CA: Author; 2012:
104. Smoking and health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Washington, DC: Author; 1964:
105. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disorders. Washington, DC: Author; 1992:
106. Guide to clinical preventive services. 1996. Guide to clinical preventive services (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:
107. Viseltear A.Preventive Medicine USA. New York, NY: Prodist; 1976:
108. Wallack L.,Dorfman L.,Jernigan D.,Themba M.Media advocacy and public health: Power for prevention. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1993:
109. Waller P. F.Public health’s contribution to motor vehicle injury prevention.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2001;21:1-2
110. Wynder E. L.,Graham E. A.Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma.JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association. 1950;143:329-336
111. YeT. J.PickrellT. (2008, April). Traffic safety facts. Seat belt use in 2007–Demographic results. Traffic Safety Facts (Research note DOT HS 810 932). Retrieved from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/810932.pdf
112. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Zaza S.Thompson R. S.Harris K. W., ed. 2001:1-90.
113. Zwerling C.,Jones M. P.Evaluation of the effectiveness of low blood alcohol concentration laws for younger drivers.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1999;16:76-80