Order and anarchy: Civil society, social disorder and war

Order and Anarchy: Civil Society, Social Disorder and War

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-197

  Layton, Robert ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926150200     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511617263     Document Type: Book

References (262)

1. Abélès, M. 1991. Quiet days in Burgundy: a study in local politics, trans A. McDermott, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (French edition 1989).
2. Abrahams, R. 1990. ‘Chaos and Kachin’, Anthropology Today, 6: 15–17.
3. Albrecht. 1937. Letter to Deputy Administrator Alice Springs, quoted in Australian National Archives file AA: CRS A659 40/1/1428, ‘Suggestions re Aboriginal Reserves in south-west of Northern Territory, January 1935–May 1940’.
4. Alderdice, Lord. 2002. ‘Introduction’, in C. Covington, P. Williams, J. Arundale and J. Knox (eds.), Terrorism and war: unconscious dynamics of political violence, London: Karnac Books, pp. 1–16.
5. Allen, R. C. 1991. ‘The two English agricultural revolutions, 1459–1850’, in B. M. S. Campbell and M. Overton (eds.), Land, labour and livestock: historical studies in European agricultural production, Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 236–54.
6. Amanor, K. S. 1999. ‘Global restructuring and land rights in Ghana’, Research Report no. 108, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
7. American Anthropological Association. 2002. The El Dorado task force report. http://www.aaanet.org/edtt/final/preface.htm
8. Ardrey, R. 1967. The territorial imperative: a personal enquiry into the animal origins of property and nations, London: Collins.
9. Ault, W. O. 1972. Open-field farming in medieval England: a study of village by-laws, London: Allen and Unwin.
10. Aureli, F., M. Cords and C. P. Van Schaik. 2002. ‘Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: a predictive framework’, Animal Behaviour, 64: 325–43.
11. Axelrod, R. 1990. The evolution of co-operation, Harmonds worth: Penguin (first published in 1984 by Basic Books, New York).
12. Bailey, F. G. 1969. Stratagems and spoils: a social anthropology of politics, Oxford: Blackwell.
13. Banks, M. 1999. ‘Ethnicity and reports of the 1992–95 Bosnian conflict’, in T. Allen and J. Seaton (eds.), The media of war, London: Zed Books, pp. 147–61.
14. Barakat, S., C. Wilson, V. Simcic and M. Kojakovic. 2001. ‘Challenges and dilemmas facing the reconstruction of war-damaged cultural heritage: the case of Pocitelj, Bosnia-Herzegovina’, in R. Layton, P. Stone and J. Thomas (eds.), Destruction and conservation of cultural property, London: Routledge, pp. 168–81.
15. Barth, F. 1959. ‘Segmentary opposition and the theory of games’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 89: 5–21.
16. Barth, F. 1969. ‘Introduction’, in F. Barth (ed.), Ethnic groups and boundaries: the social organization of culture difference, London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 9–38.
17. Basalla, G. 1988. The evolution of technology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Beattie, J. 1961. ‘Democratisation in Bunyoro’, Civilizations, 11.1: 8–20, reprinted in J. Middleton (ed.), Black Africa today, London: Macmillan, pp. 101–10 (page references are to the reprint).
19. Behar, R. 1986. Santa María del Monte: the presence of the past in a Spanish village, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
20. Benda-Beckmann, F. von. 1990. ‘Sago, law and food security on Ambon’, in J. I. H. Bakker (ed.), The world food crisis: food security in comparative perspective, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc., pp. 157–99.
21. Benda-Beckmann, F. von. 2001. ‘Between free riders and free raiders: property rights and soil degradation in context’, in N. Heerink, H. van Keulen and M. Kuiper (eds.), Economic policy analysis and sustainable land use: recent advances in quantitative analysis for developing countries, Heidelberg: Physica Verlag, pp. 293–316.
22. Benda-Beckmann, F. von and K. von Benda-Beckmann. 1999. ‘A functional analysis of property rights, with special reference to Indonesia’, in T. van Meijl and F. von Benda-Beckmann (eds.), Land and natural resources in southeast Asia and Oceania, London: Kegan Paul International, pp. 15–56.
23. Benda-Beckmann, K. von. 2004. ‘Law, violence and peace making on the island of Ambon’, in M. -C. Foblets andT. von Trotha (eds.), Healing the wounds: essays on the reconstruction of societies after war, Oxford: Hart.
24. Berlin, I. 2002. Freedom and its betrayal: six enemies of human liberty, London: Random House.
25. Besteman, C. 2003. ‘The Cold War and chaos in Somalia’, in R. B. Ferguson (ed.), Thestate, identityandviolence: political disintegration in the post-Cold War world, London: Routledge, pp. 285–99.
26. Biella, P. 2000. ‘Visual anthropology in the plague year: Tierney and the Yanomamö films of Asch and Chagnon’, Anthropology News, December: 5–6.
27. Blau, P. 1964. Exchange and power in social life, New York: Wiley.
28. Bloch, M. 1966. French rural history: an essay on its basic characteristics, trans. J. Sondheimer, London: Routledge (French edition 1931).
29. Boas, F. 1888. ‘The central Eskimos’, Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Report, 6: 399–699.
30. Boas, F. 1966. Kwakiutl ethnography, ed. H. Codere, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
31. Boehm, C. 1992. ‘Segmentary “warfare” and the management of conflict: comparison of East Africanchimpanzeesandpatrilineal–patrilocal humans’, in A. H. Harcourt and F. B. M. deWaal (eds.), Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 137–73.
32. Bohannan, L. 1958. ‘Political aspects of Tiv social organisation’, in J. Middleton and D. Tait (eds.), Tribes without rulers, London: Routledge, pp. 33–66.
33. Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a theory of practice, trans. R. Nice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (French edition 1972).
34. Bowden, M. 1999. Black Hawk down, London: Bantam.
35. Boyd, R. and P. J. Richerson. 1985. Culture and the evolutionary process, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Brain, C. K. 1981. The hunters or the hunted? An introduction to African cave taphonomy, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
37. Buchowski, M. 1996. ‘The shifting meanings of civil and civic society in Poland’, in C. Hann and E. Dunn (eds.), Civil society: challenging Western models, London: Routledge, pp. 79–98.
38. Burch, E. 1975. Eskimo kinsmen: changing family relationships in northwest Alaska, New York: West.
39. Burrow, J. W. 1981. Aliberal descent: Victorian historians and the English past, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Cam, H. M. 1962. Law-finders and law-makers in medieval England, London: Methuen.
41. Campbell, J. K. 1964. Honour, family and patronage, London: Oxford University Press.
42. Chagnon, N. 1967. ‘Yanomamö social organisation and warfare’, in M. Fried, M. Harris and R. Murphy (eds.), War: the anthropology of armed conflict and aggression, New York: Natural History Press, pp. 109–59.
43. Chagnon, N. 1968. Yanomamö: the fierce people, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
44. Chagnon, N. 1979. ‘Mate competition, favouring close kin, and village fissioning among the Yanomamö Indians’, in N. Chagnon and W. Irons (eds.), Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour, North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury, pp. 86–132.
45. Chagnon, N. 1982. ‘Sociodemographic attributes of nepotism in tribal populations: man the rule breaker’, in King’s College Sociobiology Group (eds.), Current problems in sociobiology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 291–318.
46. Chagnon, N. 1988. ‘Life histories, blood revenge and warfare in a tribal population’, Science, 239: 985–92.
47. Chagnon, N. 1997. Yanomamö, fifth edn., FortWorth: Harcourt Brace.
48. Chapman, B. 1953. Introduction to French local government, London: Unwin.
49. Chibnall, A. C. 1965. Sherington: fiefs and fields of a Buckinghamshire village, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Conway Morris, S. 1998. The crucible of creation: the Burgess Shale and the rise of animals, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
51. Cosmides, L., J. Tooby and J. Barkow. 1992. ‘Introduction: evolutionary psychology and conceptual integration’, in J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides and J. Tooby (eds.), The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 4–136.
52. Dart, R. 1925. ‘Australopithicus africanus: the man-ape of South Africa’, Nature, 115: 195–9.
53. Dart, R. 1959. Adventures with the missing link, London: Hamilton.
54. Davies, N. B. 1981. ‘Calling as an ownership convention on pied wagtail territories’, Animal Behaviour, 29: 529–34.
55. Davies, N. B. and A. I. Houston. 1984. ‘Territory economics’, in J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies (eds.), Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 148–69.
56. Dawkins, R. 1976. The selfish gene, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Day, T. E. 1916. Examination of the country west of the Overland Telegraph Line, Northern Territory Bulletin no. 20, Department of Homes and Territories, Melbourne (Australian National Archives file CRS A3, item 22/2391).
58. Declich, F. 2001. ‘“When silencemakes history”: gender and memories of war violence in Somalia’, in B. Schmidt and I. Schröder (eds.), Anthropology of violence and conflict, London: Routledge, pp. 161–75.
59. Denich, B. 1994. ‘Dismembering Yugoslavia: nationalist ideologies and the symbolic revival of genocide’, American Ethnologist, 21: 367–90.
60. Denich, B. 2003. ‘The specter of superfluity: genesis of schism in the dismantling of Yugoslavia’, in R. B. Ferguson (ed.), The state, identity and violence: political disintegration in the post-Cold War world, London: Routledge, pp. 177–98.
61. Doja, A. 1999. ‘Morphologie traditionelle de la société Albanaise’, Social Anthropology, 7: 421–38.
62. Duffield, M. 1981. Maiurno: capitalism and rural life in Sudan, Sudan Studies Series no. 5, London: Ithaca Press.
63. Duffield, M. 1994. ‘The political economy of internal war’, in J. Macrae and A. Zwi (eds.), War and hunger, London: Zed Books, pp. 50–69.
64. Duffield, M. 2001. Global governance and the new wars: the merging of development and security, London: Zed Books.
65. Dunbar, R. 1993. ‘Co-evolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans’, Behavioural and Brain Sciences Evolution, 16: 681–735.
66. Dunn, E. 1996. ‘Money, morality and modes of civil society among American Mormons’, in C. Hann and E. Dunn (eds.), Civil society: challenging Western models, London: Routledge, pp. 27–49.
67. Durham, W. H. 1991. Co-evolution: genes, culture and human diversity, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
68. Durkheim, E. 1938. The rules of sociological method, trans. S. A. Solovay and J. H. Mueller, London: Macmillan (French edition 1901).
69. Durkheim, E. 1952. Suicide: a study in sociology, trans. J. Spaulding and G. Simpson, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (French edition 1897).
70. Dyson-Hudson, R. and E. A. Smith. 1978. ‘Human territoriality: an ecological assessment’, American Anthropologist, 80: 21–41.
71. Eames, E. 1990. ‘Navigating Nigerian bureaucracies’, in J. P. Spradley and D. W. McCurdy (eds.), Conformity and conflict: readings in cultural anthropology, 7th edn., Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, pp. 38–47 (first published 1985).
72. Eidson, J. and G. Milligan. 2003. ‘Cooperative entrepreneurs? Collectivization and privatization of agriculture in two East German regions’, in C. Hann and the ‘Property Relations’ Group (eds.), The postsocialist agrarian question: property relations and the rural condition, Münster: LIT, pp. 47–92.
73. Elster, J. 1983. Explaining technical change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
74. Ember, C. R. and M. Ember. 1997. ‘Violence in the ethnographic record: results of cross-cultural research on war and aggression’, in D. L. Martin and D. W. Frayer (eds.), Troubled times: violence and warfare in the past, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, pp. 1–20.
75. Epstein, A. L. 1958. Politics in an urban African community, Manchester: Manchester University Press, for the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute.
76. Erasmus, C. J. 1956. ‘Culture, structure and process: the occurrence and disappearance of reciprocal farm labour in Latin America’, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 12: 444–69.
77. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
78. Fabian, J. 1983. Time and the other, New York: Columbia University Press.
79. Fairhead, J. 2000. ‘The conflict over natural and environmental resources’, in F. Stewart, W. Nafziger and R. Vayryen (eds.), War, hunger and displacement, vol. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 147–78.
80. Fallers, L. 1956. Bantu bureaucracy, Cambridge: W. Heffer, for the East African Institute of Social Research.
81. Ferguson, A. 1995. An essay on the history of civil society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (first published 1767).
82. Ferguson, R. B. 1995. Yanomami warfare, Santa Fe, N. M.: School of American Research.
83. Ferguson, R. B. 2003. ‘Introduction: violent conflict and the control of the state’, in R. B. Ferguson (ed.), The state, identity and violence: political disintegration in the post-Cold War world, London: Routledge, pp. 1–58.
84. Fischer, M. 2001. ‘In the science zone: the Yamomami and the fight for representation’, Anthropology Today, 17.4: 9–14. Concluding section in Anthropology Today, 17.5: 16–19.
85. Foucault, M. 1977. Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison, London: Penguin.
86. Friedl, J. 1974. Kippel: a changing village in the Alps, New York: Holt, Rinehart.
87. Gallagher, T. 1997. ‘My neighbour, my enemy: the manipulation of ethnic identity and the origins and conduct of war in Yugoslavia’, in D. Turton (ed.), War and ethnicity: global connections and local violence, Rochester, N. Y.: University of Rochester Press, pp. 47–75.
88. Gamble, C. 1998. ‘Palaeolithic society and the release from proximity: a network approach to intimate relations’, World Archaeology, 29: 426–49.
89. Garfield, V. and P. Wingert. 1966. The Tsimshian Indians and their arts, Seattle: University of Washington Press.
90. Garwood, A. 2002. ‘The Holocaust and the power of powerlessness: survivor guilt an unhealed wound’, in C. Covington, P. Williams, J. Arundale and J. Knox (eds.), Terrorism and war: unconscious dynamics of political violence, London: Karnac Books, pp. 353–74.
91. Geertz, C. 1973a. ‘Thick description: towards an interpretive theory of culture’, in C. Geertz, The interpretation of cultures, London: Hutchinson, pp. 3–30.
92. Geertz, C. 1973b. ‘Deep play: notes on the Balinese cock fight’, in C. Geertz, The interpretation of cultures, London: Hutchinson, pp. 412–53.
93. Geertz, C. 1973c. ‘The growth of culture and the evolution of mind’, in C. Geertz, The interpretation of cultures, London: Hutchinson, pp. 55–83.
94. Gellner, E. 1994. Conditions of liberty: civil society and its rivals, Harmondsworth: Penguin (page references are to the 1996 edition).
95. Ghiglieri, M. P. 1984. The chimpanzees of Kibale Forest: a field study of ecology and social structure, New York: Columbia University Press.
96. Giddens, A. 1984. The constitution of society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
97. Glazier, N. and D. P. Moynihan. 1979. ‘Why ethnicity?’ in D. R. Colburn and G. E. Pozzatta (eds.), America and the new ethnicity, Port Washington, N. Y.: National University/Kennikat Press, pp. 29–42.
98. Glickman, M. 1971. ‘Kinship and credit among the Nuer’, Africa, 41: 306–19.
99. Goddard, C. 1987. A basic Pitjantjatjara/Yunkunytjatjara to English dictionary, Alice Springs: Institute of Aboriginal Development.
100. Goldschmidt, W. 1979. ‘A general model for pastoral social systems’, in Equipe Ecologique (ed.), Pastoral production and society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15–28.
101. Goodall, J. 1986. The chimpanzees of Gombe: principles of behaviour, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
102. Goody, J. 1956. ‘Acomparative approachto incestandadultery’, British Journal of Sociology, 7: 286–305.
103. Goody, J. 2001. ‘Civil society in an extra-European perspective ’, in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani (eds.), Civil society: history and perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 149–64.
104. Gouldner, A. 1980. ‘Civil society in capitalism and socialism’, in A. Gouldner, The two Marxisms, London: Macmillan, pp. 355–73.
105. Gournay, B., J. F. Kesler and J. Siwek-Pouydesseau. 1967. Administration publique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
106. Grabher, G. and D. Stark. 1998. ‘Organizing diversity: evolutionary theory, network analysis and post-socialism’, in J. Pickles and A. Smith (eds.), Theorising transition: the political economy of post communist transformations, London: Routledge, pp. 54–75.
107. Grätz, T. 2002. Gold mining communities in northern Benin as semiautonomous social fields, Haale/Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, working paper no. 36.
108. Gunder Frank, A. 1971. Capitalism and underdevelopment in Latin America: historical studies of Chile and Brazil, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
109. Halbmayer, E. 2001. ‘Socio-cosmological contexts and forms of violence: war, vendetta, duels and suicide among the Yukpa of north-western Venezuela’, in B. Schmidt and I. Schröder (eds.), Anthropology of violence and conflict, London: Routledge, pp. 49–75.
110. Hamilton, W. D. 1964. ‘The genetical evolution of social behaviour (I and II)’, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7: 1–52.
111. Hampson, N. 1963. A social history of the French Revolution, London: Routledge.
112. Handelman, S. 1994. ‘The Russianmafiya’, Foreign Affairs, 73.2: 83–96.
113. Hann, C. M. 1990. ‘Second economy and civil society’, in C. M. Hann (ed.), Market economy and civil society in Hungary, London: Frank Cass, pp. 21–44.
114. Hann, C. M. 2003. ‘Civil society: the sickness, not the cure?’ Social Evolution and History, 2.2: 34–54.
115. Hardin, G. 1968. ‘The tragedy of the commons’, Science, 162: 1243–8.
116. Havinden, M. A. 1961. ‘Agricultural progress in open-field Oxfordshire’, Agricultural History Review, 9: 73–83.
117. Helbling, J. 1999. ‘The dynamics of war and alliance among the Yanomami’, in G. Elwert, S. Feuchtwang and D. Neubert (eds.), Dynamics of violence: processes in escalation and de-escalation of violent group conflicts, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, pp. 103–15.
118. Hill, C. 1958. Puritanism and revolution, London: Secker and Warburg.
119. Hilton, R. H. 1962. ‘Peasant movements in England before 1381’, in E. M. Carus-Wilson (ed.), Essays in economic history, vol. 2, London: Arnold, pp. 73–90.
120. Hobbes, T. 1970. Leviathan, or the matter, form, and power of a commonwealth, ecclesiastical and civil, London: Dent (first published 1651).
121. Hobbs, D., P. Hadfield, S. Lister and S. Winlow. 2003. Bouncers: violence and governance in the night time economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
122. Hobsbawm, E. 1992. ‘Ethnicity and nationalism in Europe today’, Anthropology Today, 8.1: 3–8.
123. Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger (eds.). 1983. The invention of tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
124. Hoebel, E. A. 1954. The law of primitive man, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
125. Holden, C. and R. Mace. 2003. ‘Spread of cattle led to the loss of matrilineal descent in Africa: a coevolutionary analysis’, Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 270: 2425–33.
126. James, W. 2002. ‘The anthropological family: from ancestors to affines’, Presidential Address distributed with Anthropology Today, 18.6.
127. Jansen, S. 1998. ‘Homeless at home: narrations of post-Yugoslav identities’, in A. Dawson and N. Rapport (eds.), Migrant identities: perceptions of ‘home’ in a world of movement, Oxford: Berg, pp. 85–109.
128. Jansen, S. 2000. ‘Victims, rebels, underdogs: discursive practices on resistance in Serbian protest’, Critique of Anthropology, 20: 393–419.
129. Kaplan, H. and K. Hill. 1985. ‘Food sharing among Ache foragers: tests of explanatory hypotheses’, Current Anthropology, 26: 223–46.
130. Kaplan, H., K. Hill and A. M. Hurtado. 1990. ‘Risk, foraging and food sharing among the Ache’, in E. Cashdan (ed.), Risk and uncertainty in tribal and peasant economies, Boulder, Colo.: West-view, pp. 107–43.
131. Kaplan, R. D. 1994. ‘The coming anarchy: how scarcity, crime, overpopulation, and disease are rapidly destroying the social fabric of our planet’, Atlantic Monthly, February: 44–76.
132. Kauffman, S. 1993. The origins of order: self-organisation and selection in evolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
133. Keen, I. 1982. ‘How some Murngin men marry ten wives’, Man, 17: 620–42.
134. Kemp, S. 1932. Black frontiers: pioneer adventures with Cecil Rhodes’ mounted police in Africa, London: Harrap.
135. Khilnani, S. 2001. ‘The development of civil society’, in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani (eds.), Civil society: history and perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–13.
136. Kingston-Mann, E. 1999. In search of the truewest: culture, economics, and problems of Russian development, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
137. Kingston-Mann, E. 2003. ‘Deconstructing the romance of the bourgeoisie: a Russian Marxist path not taken’, Review of International Political Economy, 10: 93–117.
138. Kropotkin, P. 1972. Mutual aid: a factor in evolution, New York: New York University Press (first published 1902).
139. Kumar, K. 1993. ‘Civil society: an enquiry into the usefulness of an historical term’, British Journal of Sociology, 44: 374–95.
140. Laland, K. and G. Brown. 2002. Sense and nonsense: evolutionary perspectives on human behaviour, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
141. Lambert, R. 1953. ‘Structure agraire et économie rurale de plateau de Levier’, Bulletin de l’Association des géographes français, 237–38: 170–8.
142. Laslett, P. 1960. ‘Introduction’, in J. Locke, Two treatises of government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–122.
143. Latouche, R. 1938. ‘La fruitière jurasienne au XVIIIième siecle’, Revue de geographie alpine, 26: 773–91.
144. Layton, R. 1986. Uluru: an Aboriginal history of Ayers Rock, Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
145. Layton, R. 1989. ‘Are sociobiology and social anthropology compatible? The significance of sociocultural resources in human evolution’, in R. Foley and V. Standen (eds.), Comparative socioecology: the behavioural ecology of humans and other mammals, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 433–55.
146. Layton, R. 1995. ‘Relating to the country in the Western Desert’, in E. Hirsch and M. O’Hanlon (eds.), The anthropology of landscape: perspectives on place and space, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 210–31.
147. Layton, R. 1997. An introduction to theory in anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
148. Layton, R. 2000. Anthropology and history in Franche Comté: a critique of social theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
149. Layton, R. 2003. ‘Agency, structuration and complexity’, in A. Bentley and H. Maschner (eds.), Complex systems and archaeology, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, pp. 103–9.
150. Layton, R. and R. Barton. 2001. ‘Warfare and human social evolution’, in K. Fewster and M. Zvelebil (eds.), Ethnoarchaeologyandhuntergatherers: pictures at an exhibition, BAR International Series 955, Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 13–24.
151. Layton, R., P. Stone and J. Thomas (eds.). 2001. Destruction and conservation of cultural property, London: Routledge.
152. Leach, E. R. 1954. Political systems of highland Burma, London: Bell.
153. Lebeau, R. 1951. ‘Deux anciens genres de vie opposés de la montagne jurassienne’, Revue de géographie de Lyon, 26: 378–410.
154. Lee, R. B. 1979. The !Kung San: men, women and work in a foraging society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
155. Lee, R. B. and S. Hurlich. 1982. ‘From foragers to fighters: South Africa’s militarization of the Namibian San’, in E. Leacock and R. B. Lee (eds.), Politics and history in band societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 327–45.
156. Lem, W. 1999. Cultivating dissent: work, identity and praxis in rural Languedoc, New York: State University of New York Press.
157. Lessinger, J. 2003. ‘“Religious” violence in India: Ayodhya and the Hindu right’, in B. R. Ferguson (ed.), The state, identity and violence: political disintegration in the post-Cold War world, London: Routledge, pp. 149–76.
158. Leutloff-Grandits, C. 2003. ‘Coping with economic devastation: agriculture in post-war Knin, Croatia’, in C. Hann and the ‘Property Relations’ Group (eds.), The postsocialist agrarian question: property relations and the rural condition, Münster: LIT, pp. 143–70.
159. Lévi-Strauss, C. 1966. The savage mind, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson (French edition 1962).
160. Lévi-Strauss, C. 1969. The elementary structures of kinship, trans. J. H. Bell and J. R. von Sturmer, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode (French edition 1967).
161. Lévi-Strauss, C. 1973. Tristes tropiques, trans. J. and D. Weightman, London: Cape (French edition 1955).
162. Lewis, I. M. 1997. ‘Clan conflict and ethnicity in Somalia: humanitarian intervention in a stateless society’, in D. Turton (ed.), War and ethnicity: global connections and local violence, Rochester, N. Y.: University of Rochester Press, pp. 179–201.
163. Little, K. 1966. ‘The political system of the Poro’, Africa, 35: 349–65 and 36: 62–71.
164. Lizot, J. 1977. Tales of the Yanomami, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
165. Lloyd, W. F. 1964. ‘The checks to population’, in G. Hardin (ed.), Population, evolution and birth control, San Francisco: Freeman, pp. 337–42 (first published 1833).
166. Locke, J. 1960. Two treatises of government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (first published 1689).
167. Lorenz, K. 1966. On aggression, trans. M. Latzke, London: Methuen (German edition 1963).
168. MacDougall, H. A. 1982. Racial myth in English history, London: University Press of New England.
169. Malinowski, B. 1954. Magic, science and religion, New York: Doubleday.
170. Manson, J. H. and R. W. Wrangham. 1991. ‘Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and humans’, Current Anthropology, 32: 369–90.
171. Marshall, L. 1957. ‘The kin terminology of the !Kung Bushmen’, Africa, 27: 1–25.
172. Marshall, L. 1976. ‘Sharing, talking and giving: relief of social tensions among the !Kung’, in R. B. Lee and I. deVore (eds.), Kalahari huntergatherers: studies of the !Kung San and their neighbours, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, pp. 350–71.
173. Mary-Rousselière, G. 1984. ‘Iglulik’, in D. Damas (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 5, Arctic, Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 431–46.
174. Maschner, H. 1997. ‘The evolution of northwest coast warfare’, in D. L. Martin and D. W. Frayer (eds.), Troubled times: violence and warfare in the past, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, pp. 267–302.
175. Maynard Smith, J. 1982. Evolution and the theory of games, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
176. McAdam, D., S. Tarrow and C. Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of contention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
177. McCay, B. and J. M. Acheson. 1987. The question of the commons: the culture and ecology of communal resources, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
178. McGuire, R. 2002. ‘Stories of power, powerful tales: a commentary on ancient Pueblo violence’, in M. O’Donovan (ed.), The dynamics of power, Centre for Archaeological Investigations, occasional paper 30, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University, pp. 126–47.
179. Mendras, H. and A. Cole. 1991. Social change in modern France: towards a cultural anthropology of the Fifth Republic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
180. Migdal, J. S. 1988. Strong societies and weak states, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
181. Nasar, S. 1998. A beautiful mind, London: Faber.
182. Neel, J. 1980. ‘Onbeing headman’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 23: 277–93.
183. Neeson, J. M. 1993. Commoners: common right, enclosure and social change in England, 1700–1820, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
184. Nelson, R. and S. Winter. 1982. An evolutionary theory of economic change, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
185. Netting, R. McC. 1981. Balancing on an Alp: ecological change and continuity in a Swiss mountain community, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
186. Neumann, J. von and O. Morgenstern. 1944. Theory of games and economic behaviour, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
187. Newby, H., C. Bell, D. Rose and P. Saunders. 1978. Property, paternalism and power: class and control in rural England, London: Hutchinson.
188. Nishida, T. 1979. ‘The social structure of chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains’, in D. A. Hamburg and E. R. McCown (eds.), The great apes, Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, pp. 73–122.
189. Nishida, T., M. Haraiwa-Hasegawa and Y. Takahata. 1985. ‘Group extinction and female transfer in wild chimpanzees in the Mahale National Park, Tanzania’, Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 67: 284–301.
190. Nishida, T., H. Takasaki and Y. Takahata. 1990. ‘Demography and reproductive profiles’, in T. Nishida (ed.), The chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: sexual and life history strategies, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 64–97.
191. Nowak, M. A. and K. Sigmund. 1998. ‘Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring’, Nature, 393 (11 June): 573–7.
192. Nugent, D. 1982. ‘Closed systems and contradiction: the Kachin in and out of history’, Man (NS), 17: 508–27.
193. Orwin, C. S. and C. S. Orwin. 1938. The open fields, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
194. Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
195. Overton, M. 1996. Agricultural revolution in England: the transformation of the agrarian economy 1500–1850, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
196. Panter-Brick, C. 1993. ‘Seasonal organisation of work patterns’, in S. J. Ulijaszek and S. S. Strickland (eds.), Seasonality and human ecology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 220–34.
197. Papadopoulos, R. 2002. ‘Destructiveness, atrocities and healing: epistemological and clinical reflections’, in C. Covington, P. Williams, J. Arundale and J. Knox (eds.), Terrorism and war: unconscious dynamics of political violence, London: Karnac Books, pp. 289–314.
198. Peters, C. M., A. H. Gentry and R. O. Mendelsohn. 1989. ‘Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest’, Nature, 339: 655–6.
199. Plumb, J. H. 1990. England in the eighteenth century, Harmondsworth: Penguin (first published 1950).
200. Pottier, J. 1996. ‘Relief and repatriation: views by Rwandan refugees; lessons for humanitarian aid workers’, African Affairs, 95: 403–29.
201. Pottier, J. 2001. Re-imagining Rwanda: conflict, survival and disinformation in the late twentieth century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
202. Pratten, D. 1997. ‘Local institutional development and relief in Ethiopia: a Kire-based seed distribution programme in North Wollo’, Disasters, 21: 138–54.
203. Pratten, D. 2000. Return to the roots? Urban networks, rural development and power in Sudan, University of Edinburgh, Centre of African Studies Occasional Paper 82.
204. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1952. Structure and function in primitive society, London, Cohen and West.
205. Rao, N. and C. R. Reddy. 2001. ‘Ayodhya, the print media and communalism’, in R. Layton, P. Stone and J. Thomas (eds.), Destruction and conservation of cultural property, London: Routledge, pp. 139–56.
206. Renfrew, C. 1978. ‘Trajectory discontinuity and morphogenesis: the implications of Catastrophe Theory for archaeology’, American Antiquity, 43: 203–21.
207. Reyna, S. P. 2003. ‘A Cold War story: the barbarization of Chad (1966–91)’, in R. B. Ferguson (ed.), The state, identity and violence: political disintegration in the post-Cold War world, London: Routledge, pp. 261–84.
208. Richards, P. 1996. Fighting for the rain forest: war, youth and resources in Sierra Leone, London: International African Institute. (Page references are to the 1999 edition.)
209. Ridley, M. 1996. The origins of virtue, London: Viking.
210. Rodseth, L., R. W. Wrangham, A. M. Harrigan and B. B. Smuts. 1991. ‘The human community as a primate society’, Current Anthropology, 32: 221–54.
211. Rosenberg, H. G. 1988. A negotiated world: three centuries of change in a French alpine community, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
212. Rosman, A. and P. G. Rubel. 1971. Feasting with mine enemy: rank and exchange among northwest coast societies, New York: Columbia University Press.
213. Rousseau, J. J. 1963. The social contract and discourses, ed. G. D. H. Cole, London: Dent (first published 1755).
214. Ruby, J. 2000. ‘Tierney’s claims about Tim Asch’, Anthropology News, December: 7.
215. Sahlins, M. 1974. Stone age economics. London: Tavistock.
216. Sahlins, M. 1976. The use and abuse of biology: an anthropological critique of sociobiology, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
217. Sampson, S. 1996. ‘The social life of projects: importing civil society to Albania’, in C. Hannand E. Dunn (eds.), Civil society: challenging Western models, London: Routledge, pp. 121–42.
218. Schlee, G. 2002. ‘Regularity in chaos: the politics of difference in the recent history of Somalia’, in G. Schlee (ed.), Imagined differences: hatred and the construction of identity, Münster: LIT, pp. 251–80.
219. Schlee, G. 2004. ‘Taking sides and constructing identities: reflections on conflict theory’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (NS), 10: 135–56.
220. Schwandner-Sievers, S. 1999. ‘Humiliation and reconciliation in Northern Albania: the logics of feuding in symbolic and diachronic perspectives’, in G. Elwert, S. Feuchtwang and D. Neubert (eds.), Dynamics of violence: processes in escalation and de-escalation of violent group conflicts, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, pp. 133–52.
221. Scott, J. 1976. The moral economy of the peasant: rebellion and subsistence in Southeast Asia, New Haven: Yale University Press.
222. Seligman, A. 1992. The idea of civil society, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
223. Sillitoe, P. 1977. ‘Land shortage and war in New Guinea’, Ethnology, 16: 71–81.
224. Sillitoe, P. 1978. ‘Big Men and war in New Guinea’, Man (NS), 13: 252–71.
225. Smith, A. and J. Pickles. 1998. ‘Introduction: theorising transition and the political economy of transformation’, in J. Pickles and A. Smith (eds.), Theorising transition: the political economy of post communist transformations, London: Routledge, pp. 1–22.
226. Smith, E. A. 1988. ‘Risk and uncertainty in the “original affluent society”: evolutionary ecology of resource-sharing and land tenure’, in T. Ingold, J. Woodburn and D. Riches (eds.), Hunters and gatherers: history, evolution and social change, Oxford: Berg, pp. 222–51.
227. Song, M. 2003. Choosing ethnic identity, Cambridge: Polity Press.
228. Spencer, H. 1972. Herbert Spencer on social evolution: selected writings, ed. J. D. Y. Peel, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
229. Spencer, P. 1965. The Samburu: a study of gerontocracy in a nomadic tribe, London: Routledge.
230. Spülbeck, S. 1996. ‘Anti-semitism and fear of the public in a posttotalitarian society’, in C. Hann and E. Dunn (eds.), Civil society: challenging Western models, London: Routledge, pp. 64–78.
231. Stanner, W. E. H. 1960. ‘Durmugan, a Nangiomeri’, in J. Casagrande (ed.), In the company of man, New York: Harper, pp. 64–100.
232. Stewart, I. 1997. Does God play dice? The new mathematics of chaos, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
233. Swain, N. 1992. Hungary: the rise and fall of feasible socialism, London: Verso.
234. Taçon, P. and C. Chippindale. 1994. ‘Australia’s ancient warriors’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 4: 211–48.
235. Tanner, M. 1997. Croatia: a nation forged in war, New Haven: Yale University Press.
236. Taylor, C. 1999. Sacrifice as terror: the Rwandan genocide of 1994, Oxford: Berg.
237. Tester, K. 1992. Civil society, London: Routledge.
238. Tierney, P. 2000. Darkness in El Dorado, New York: Norton.
239. Tilly, C. 1981. As sociology meets history, New York: Academic Press.
240. Trivers, R. 1985. Social evolution, Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummins.
241. Turton, D. 1997. ‘Introduction: war and ethnicity’, in D. Turton (ed.), War and ethnicity: global connections and local violence, Rochester, N. Y.: University of Rochester Press, pp. 1–45.
242. Twemlo, S. and F. Sacco. 2002. ‘Reflections on the making of a terrorist’, in C. Covington, P. Williams, J. Arundale and J. Knox (eds.), Terrorism and war: unconscious dynamics of political violence, London: Karnac Books, pp. 97–123.
243. Tylor, E. 1903. Primitive culture, 4th edn., London: Murray.
244. Valen, L. van. 1973. ‘Anew evolutionary law’, Evolutionary Theory, 1: 1–30.
245. Verderey, K. 1999. The political lives of dead bodies, New York: Columbia University Press.
246. Verdon, M. 1982. ‘Where have all the lineages gone? Cattle and descent among the Nuer’, American Anthropologist, 84: 566–79.
247. Viazzo, P. P. 1989. Upland communities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
248. Vickery, W. L., L. -A. Giraldeau, J. Templeton, D. Kramer and C. Chapman. 1991. ‘Producers, scroungers, and group foraging’, American Naturalist, 137: 847–63.
249. Vucho, A. ‘Beyond bombs and sanctions’, in C. Covington, P. Williams, J. Arundale and J. Knox (eds.), Terrorism and war: unconscious dynamics of political violence, London: Karnac Books, pp. 51–67.
250. Vulliamy, E. 1994. Seasons in Hell: understanding Bosnia, London: Simon and Schuster.
251. Waal, A. de. 1989. Famine that kills, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
252. Waal, F. de. 1989. Peacemaking among primates, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
253. Wallerstein, I. 1974. The modern world-system, New York: Academic Press.
254. Weber, M. 1947. The theory of social and economic organisation, trans. A. R. Henderson and T. Parsons, London: Hedge and Co. (first published 1925).
255. Wedel, J. R. 1998. Collision and collusion: the strange case of Western aid to Eastern Europe 1989–1998, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
256. Whitaker, I. 1968. ‘Tribal structure and national politics in Albania’, in I. M. Lewis (ed.), History and social anthropology, London: Tavistock, pp. 253–93.
257. White, J. 1996. ‘Civic culture and Islam in urban Turkey’, in C. Hann and E. Dunn (eds.), Civil society: challenging Western models, London: Routledge, pp. 143–53.
258. Wilson, D. and C. Game. 1994. Local government in the United Kingdom, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
259. Wilson, M., W. Wallauer and A. Pusey. 2004. ‘New cases of intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania’, International Journal of Primatology, 25: 523–49.
260. Winterhalder, B. 1996. ‘Social foraging and the behavioural ecology of intragroup resource transfers’, Evolutionary Anthropology, 5. 2: 46–57.
261. Wrangham, R. and D. Peterson. 1996. Demonic males: apes and the origins of human violence, London: Bloomsbury.
262. Zubaida, S. 2001. ‘Civil society, community, and democracy in the Middle East’, in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani (eds.), Civil society: history and possibilities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 232–49.