Cyber safety for adolescent girls: Bullying, harassment, sexting, pornography, and solicitation

Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 360-365

  Smith, Peter K ^a   Thompson, Fran ^a   Davidson, Julia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cyberbullying; Pornography; Sexting; Solicitation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; BULLYING; CHILD SAFETY; COPING BEHAVIOR; CYBERBULLYING; FEMALE; HARASSMENT; HUMAN; INTERNET; LEGAL ASPECT; PORNOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTITUTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXTING; SEXUAL EXPLOITATION; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SUPPORT GROUP; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; AGGRESSION; CRIME VICTIM; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EROTICA; FEAR; MOBILE PHONE; PEER GROUP; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PSYCHOLOGY; SEXUAL CRIME; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STUDENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; AGGRESSION; BULLYING; CELL PHONES; CRIME VICTIMS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EROTICA; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNET; PEER GROUP; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SEX OFFENSES; STUDENTS;

EID: 84925849639     PISSN: 1040872X     EISSN: 1473656X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000106     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Ofcom. Children and parents: media use and attitudes report. 2013. London: Office of Communications. Retrieved 3 May from http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/media-literacy/october-2013/research07Oct2013.pdf.
2. Pew. Teens and technology 2013. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2013. Retrieved 3 May from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/03/13/teens-and-technology-2013/.
3. Livingstone S, Haddon L, Görzig A, Ólafsson K. Final report, EU kids online II. London: EU Kids Online; 2011. Retrieved 10 April from http://www2.lse. ac.uk/media@lse/research/EUKidsOnline/EU%20Kids%20II%20%282009-11%29/EUKidsOnlineIIReports/Final%20report.pdf.
4. Livingstone S, Smith PK. Research review: harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014;55:635-654.
5. Bauman S, Walker J, Cross D, editors. Principles of cyberbullying research: definition, methods, and measures. New York & London: Routledge; h2013.
6. Smith PK, editor. Emotional and behavioural difficulties associated with bullying and cyberbullying. London/New York: Routledge; 2014.
7. Smith PK, Steffgen G, editors. Cyberbullying through the new media: findings from an international network. Hove: Psychology Press; 2013.
8. Cassidy W, Faucher C, Jackson M. Cyberbullying among youth: a comprehensive review of current international research and its implications and application to policy and practice. School Psychol Int 2013;34:575-612. An overview of the research on cyberbullying in young people.
9. Dehue F. Cyberbullying research: new perspectives and alternative methodologies. Introduction to the Special Issue. J Community Appl Psychol 2013;23:1-6.
10. Kowalski RM, Giumetti GW, Schroeder AN, Lattanner MR. Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychol Bull 2014;140:1073-1137. An overview of the nature of cyberbullying and of a decade of research studies on the topic.
11. Smith PK, Del Barrio C, Tokunaga R. Definitions of bullying and cyberbullying: how useful are the terms? In: Bauman S, Walker J, Cross D, editors. Principles of cyberbullying research: definition, methods, and measures. New York/London: Routledge; 2013. pp. 64-86.
12. Patchin JW, Hinduja S. Cyberbullying among adolescents: implications for empirical research. J Adolesc Health 2013;53:431-432.
13. Bauman S, Underwood MK, Card N. Definitions: another perspective and a proposal for beginning with cyberaggression. In: Bauman S, Walker J, Cross D, editors. Principles of cyberbullying research: definition, methods, and measures. New York/London: Routledge; 2013. pp. 87-93.
14. Menesini E, Nocentini A, Palladino BE, et al. Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: a comparison across six European countries. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2012;15:455-463.
15. Menesini E, Nocentini A, Palladino BE, et al. Definitions of cyberbullying. In: Smith PK, Steffgen G, editors. Cyberbullying through the new media: findings from an international network. Hove: Psychology Press; 2013. pp. 23-36.
16. Berne S, Frisén A, Schultze-Krumbholz A, et al. Cyberbullying assessment instruments: a systematic review. Aggression Violent Behav 2013;18:320-334. A tabulated overview of the instruments used to measure cyberbullying.
17. Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, et al. The development and psychometric investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence 2014;29:2218-2238. A scale developed since the review in [16].
18. Läftman SB, Modin B, Östberg V. Cyberbullying and subjective health: a large-scale study of students in Stockholm, Sweden. Child Youth Serv Rev 2013;35:112-119.
19. Zhou Z, Tang H, Tian Y, et al. Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students. School Psychol Int 2013;34:630-647.
20. Beckman L, Hagquist C, Hellström L. Discrepant gender patterns for cyberbullying and traditional bullying - an analysis of Swedish adolescent data. Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:1896-1903.
21. Kowalski R, Limber SP. Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. J Adolesc Health 2013;53(1 Suppl.):S13-S20.
22. Bauman S, Toomey RB, Walker J. Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. J Adolesc 2013;36:341-350.
23. Gámez-Guadix M, Orue I, Smith PK, Calvete E. Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2013;53:446-452. One of a small number of longitudinal studies examining the likely effects of being a cyber victim.
24. Badaly D, Kelly BM, Schwartz D, Dabney-Lieras K. Longitudinal associations of electronic aggression and victimization with social standing during adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2013;42:891-904. One of a small number of longitudinal studies on risk factors in cyberbullying.
25. Jacobs NCL, Dehue F, Völlink T, Lechner L. Determinants of adolescents' ineffective and improved coping with cyberbullying: a Delphi study. J Adolesc 2014;37:373-385.
26. Jones LM, Mitchell KJ, Walsh WA. Evaluation of internet child safety materials used by ICAC task forces in school and community settings. Final report. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 2013. Retrieved 3 May from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/242016.pdf. A thorough and critical review of e-safety materials and curricula.
27. Klettke B, Hallford DJ, Mellor DJ. Sexting prevalence and correlates: a systematic literature review. Clin Psychol Rev 2014;34:44-53. A useful overview of sexting research in the last decade.
28. Wolak J, Finkelhor D, Mitchell KJ. How often are teens arrested for sexting? Data from a national sample of police cases. Pediatrics 2012;129:4-12.
29. Ringrose J, Gill R, Livingstone S, Harvey L. A qualitative study of children, young people and 'sexting': a report prepared for the NSPCC. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children; 2012. A sexting research using qualitative data from the adolescent's perspective.
30. Walker S, Sanci L, Temple-Smith M. Sexting: young women's and men's views on its nature and origins. J Adolesc Health 2013;52:697-701. Research into sex differences in sexting.
31. Haddon L, Livingstone S. EU Kids online: national perspectives. London: EU Kids Online; 2012. www.eukidsonline.net.
32. ICT Coalition. New evidence, new challenges. London: EU Kids Online; 2014; www.eukidsonline.net.
33. Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre. Annual report. London: CEOP; 2012.
34. Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D, Jones LM, Wolak J. Prevalence and characteristics of youth sexting: a national study. Pediatrics 2012;129:13-20.
35. Temple JR, Paul JA, Van Den Berg P, et al. Teen sexting and its association with sexual behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012;166:828-833.
36. Livingstone S, Görzig A. When adolescents receive sexual messages on the internet: explaining experiences of risk and harm. Comput Hum Behav 2014;33:8-15. A recent research on the predictors and risks of involvement in sexting.
37. Rice E, Rhoades H, Winetrobe H, et al. Sexually explicit cell phone messaging associated with sexual risk among adolescents. Pediatrics 2012;130:667-673.
38. Dir AL, Cyders MA, Coskunpinar A. From the bar to the bed via mobile phone: a first test of the role of problematic alcohol use, sexting, and impulsivityrelated traits in sexual hookups. Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:1664-1670.
39. Temple JR, Le VD, Van Den Berg P, et al. Brief report: teen sexting and psychosocial health. J Adolesc 2014;37:33-36.
40. Benotsch EG, Snipes DJ, Martin AM, Bull SS. Sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behaviour in young adults. J Adolesc Health 2013;52:307-313.
41. Crimmins DM, Seigfried-Spellar KC. Peer attachment, sexual experiences, and risky online behaviours as predictors of sexting behaviours among undergraduate students. Comput Hum Behav 2014;32:268-275.
42. Delevi R, Weisskirch RS. Personality factors as predictors of sexting. Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:2589-2594.
43. Drouin M, Tobin E. Unwanted but consensual sexting among young adults: relations with attachment and sexual motivations. Comput Hum Behav 2013;31:412-418.
44. Lievens E. Bullying and sexting in social networks: Protecting minors from criminal acts or empowering minors to cope with risky behaviour? Int J Law Crime Justice 2014. Available at: http://ceop. police.uk/Documents/ceopdocs/CEOP-TACSEA2013-240613%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed 23 March 2014].
45. Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre. Threat assessment of child sexual exploitation and abuse (TACSEA). London: CEOP; 2013. An overview of nature of sexting and pornographic threats, and what can be done.
46. Thompson F, Robinson S, Smith PK. [An evaluation of some cyberbullying interventions in England]. In: Genta ML, Brighi A, Guarini A, editors. Cyberbullying research and intervention strategies. Milan: Franco Angeli; 2012. pp. 136-153.
47. Horvath MAH, Alys L, Massey K, et al. 'Basically... porn is everywhere': a rapid evidence assessment on the effect that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people. London: Office of the Children's Commissioner; 2013. Retrieved 3 May from http://www.childrenscommissioner.gov. uk/content/publications/content-667. A comprehensive review of the national and international literature.
48. Livingstone S, Kirwil L, Ponte C, Staksrud E. In their own words: what bothers children online?. London: EU Kids Online Network; 2013. A research focussing on the child's perspective of risk.
49. Suris JC, Akre C, Ambresin A-E, et al. Characteristics of young adolescents accessing pornography online. J Adolesc Health 2014;54:S46. An update of research on sex differences in adolescents accessing pornography.
50. Mancini C, Reckdenwald A, Beauregard E. Pornographic exposure over the life course and the severity of sexual offences: imitation and cathartic effects. J Crim Justice 2012;40:21-30.
51. Wolak J, Finkelhor D, Mitchell KJ, Jones LM. Arrests for child pornography production: data at two time points from a national sample of U. S. law enforcement agencies. Child Maltreat 2011;16:184-195.
52. BBC News Technology. Porn site age-check law demanded by media regulator. Retrieved 25 July from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26779639.
53. Bergen E, Davidson J, Schulz A, et al. The effects of using identity deception and suggesting secrecy on the outcomes of adult-adult and adult-child or adolescent online sexual interactions. Vict Offenders 2014 (in press).
54. Bifulco A, Pham T. Young victims online. In: Webster S, Davidson J, Bifulco A, editors. Online offending behaviour and child victimisation: new findings and policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave; 2014. (forthcoming).
55. Wolak J, Finkelhor D. Are crimes by online predators different from crimes by sex offenders who know youth in-person? J Adolesc Health 2013;53:736-741. This study explores for the first time the differences between online grooming offenders who have met their victims and those who have not.
56. Webster S, Davidson J, Bifulco A. Online offending behaviour and child victimisation: new findings and policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave; 2014 (in press). An account of the largest European study of online grooming to date, including interviews with online groomers in four EU countries.
57. Sullivan J, Quayle E. Manipulation styles of abusers who work with children. In: Erooga M, editor. Creating safer organisations: practical steps to prevent the abuse of children by those working with them. London: Wiley & Sons; 2012. pp. 85-98.
58. Jones LM, Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D. Trends in youth Internet victimization: findings from three youth Internet safety surveys 2000-2010. J Adolesc Health 2012;50:179-186. A longitudinal study with data from nationally representative sample in the USA.
59. European Council directive 2004/2010 of 4 November 2011 Directive of the European parliament and of the council on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing the Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA. Retrieved 25 June 2013 from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms-data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/126068.pdf.