메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9781849770552, Issue , 2012, Pages 53-65

Characteristics of biochar: Organo-chemical properties

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84925781526     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781849770552     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (93)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 0025243301 scopus 로고
    • Fire-induced transformation of soil organic matter from an oak forest: An experimental approach to the effects of fire on humic substances
    • Almendros, G., González-Vila, F. J. and Martin, F. (1990) 'Fire-induced transformation of soil organic matter from an oak forest: An experimental approach to the effects of fire on humic substances,' Soil Science, vol 149, pp158-168
    • (1990) Soil Science , vol.149 , pp. 158-168
    • Almendros, G.1    González-Vila, F.J.2    Martin, F.3
  • 3
    • 0242275346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rearrangement of carbon and nitrogen forms in peat after progressive thermal oxidation as determined by solid-state 13Cand 15N-NMR spectroscopy
    • Almendros, G., Knicker, H. and González-Vila, F. J. (2003) 'Rearrangement of carbon and nitrogen forms in peat after progressive thermal oxidation as determined by solid-state 13Cand 15N-NMR spectroscopy,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 34, pp1559-1568
    • (2003) Organic Geochemistry , vol.34 , pp. 1559-1568
    • Almendros, G.1    Knicker, H.2    González-Vila, F.J.3
  • 4
    • 0036050116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (red pine) wood
    • Baldock, J. A. and Smernik, R. J. (2002) 'Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (red pine) wood,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 33, pp1093-1109
    • (2002) Organic Geochemistry , vol.33 , pp. 1093-1109
    • Baldock, J.A.1    Smernik, R.J.2
  • 6
    • 1942488377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory simulations of the transformation of peas as a result of heat treatment: Changes of the physical and chemical properties
    • Braadbaart, F., Boon, J. J., Veld, H., David, P. and Van Bergen, P. F. (2004) 'Laboratory simulations of the transformation of peas as a result of heat treatment: Changes of the physical and chemical properties,' Journal of Archaeological Science, vol 31, pp821-833
    • (2004) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.31 , pp. 821-833
    • Braadbaart, F.1    Boon, J.J.2    Veld, H.3    David, P.4    Van Bergen, P.F.5
  • 7
    • 10244234179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge via pyrolysis
    • Bridle, T. R. and Pritchard, D. (2004) 'Energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge via pyrolysis,'Water Science and Technology, vol 50, pp169-175
    • (2004) Water Science and Technology , vol.50 , pp. 169-175
    • Bridle, T.R.1    Pritchard, D.2
  • 9
    • 49849105800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence
    • Cheng, C. H., Lehmann, J. and Engelhard, M. (2008) 'Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence,' Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 72, pp1598-1610
    • (2008) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.72 , pp. 1598-1610
    • Cheng, C.H.1    Lehmann, J.2    Engelhard, M.3
  • 10
    • 0038185320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of charring on mass, organic carbon, and stable carbon isotope composition of wood
    • Czimczik, C. I., Preston, C. M., Schmidt, M.W. I., Werner, R. A. and Schulze, E.D. (2002) 'Effects of charring on mass, organic carbon, and stable carbon isotope composition of wood,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 33, pp1207-1223
    • (2002) Organic Geochemistry , vol.33 , pp. 1207-1223
    • Czimczik, C.I.1    Preston, C.M.2    Schmidt, M.W.I.3    Werner, R.A.4    Schulze, E.D.5
  • 12
    • 0242668874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features
    • Fernandes, M. B., Skjemstad, J.O., Johnson, B. B., Wells, J.D. and Brooks, P. (2003) 'Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features,' Chemosphere, vol 51, pp785-795
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.51 , pp. 785-795
    • Fernandes, M.B.1    Skjemstad, J.O.2    Johnson, B.B.3    Wells, J.D.4    Brooks, P.5
  • 13
    • 0001462855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C NMR quantitative analysis of catalyst carbon deposits
    • Fonseca, A., Zeuthen, P. and Nagy, J. B. (1996) '13C NMR quantitative analysis of catalyst carbon deposits,' Fuel, vol 75, pp1363-1376
    • (1996) Fuel , vol.75 , pp. 1363-1376
    • Fonseca, A.1    Zeuthen, P.2    Nagy, J.B.3
  • 14
    • 0001330816 scopus 로고
    • Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons
    • Franklin, R. E. (1951) 'Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons,' Proceedings of the Royal Society London A, vol 209, pp196-218
    • (1951) Proceedings of the Royal Society London A , vol.209 , pp. 196-218
    • Franklin, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0032805923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C high-resolution solid-state NMR study of peat carbonization
    • Freitas, J. C. C., Bonagamba, T. J. and Emmerich, F.G. (1999) '13C high-resolution solid-state NMR study of peat carbonization,' Energy and Fuels, vol 13, pp53-59
    • (1999) Energy and Fuels , vol.13 , pp. 53-59
    • Freitas, J.C.C.1    Bonagamba, T.J.2    Emmerich, F.G.3
  • 16
    • 0035311793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of biomass- and polymer-based carbon materials using 13C high-resolution solid-state NMR
    • Freitas, J. C. C., Bonagamba, T. J. and Emmerich, F.G. (2001a) 'Investigation of biomass- and polymer-based carbon materials using 13C high-resolution solid-state NMR,' Carbon, vol 39, pp535-545
    • (2001) Carbon , vol.39 , pp. 535-545
    • Freitas, J.C.C.1    Bonagamba, T.J.2    Emmerich, F.G.3
  • 18
    • 33748789376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The charcoal sink of biomass burning on the Australian continent
    • Aspendale
    • Graetz, R.D. and Skjemstad, J.O. (2003) 'The charcoal sink of biomass burning on the Australian continent,' CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale
    • (2003) CSIRO Atmospheric Research
    • Graetz, R.D.1    Skjemstad, J.O.2
  • 19
    • 33646789698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterisation of laboratory-charred grass straw (Oryza sativa) and chestnut wood (Castanea sativa) as reference materials for black carbon quantification
    • Hammes, K., Smernik, R. J., Skjemstad, J.O., Herzog, A., Vogt, U. F. and Schmidt, M.W. I. (2006) 'Synthesis and characterisation of laboratory-charred grass straw (Oryza sativa) and chestnut wood (Castanea sativa) as reference materials for black carbon quantification,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 37, pp1629-1633
    • (2006) Organic Geochemistry , vol.37 , pp. 1629-1633
    • Hammes, K.1    Smernik, R.J.2    Skjemstad, J.O.3    Herzog, A.4    Vogt, U.F.5    Schmidt, M.W.I.6
  • 20
    • 0028810588 scopus 로고
    • Black carbon - possible source of highly aromatic components of soil humic acids
    • Haumaier, L. and Zech, W. (1995) 'Black carbon - possible source of highly aromatic components of soil humic acids,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 23, pp191-196
    • (1995) Organic Geochemistry , vol.23 , pp. 191-196
    • Haumaier, L.1    Zech, W.2
  • 21
    • 0030210069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13Cand 15N-NMR Spectroscopic examination of the transformation of organic nitrogen in plant biomass during thermal treatment
    • Knicker, H., Almendros, G., González-Vila, F. J., Martin, F. and Lüdemann, H.D. (1996) '13Cand 15N-NMR Spectroscopic examination of the transformation of organic nitrogen in plant biomass during thermal treatment,' Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol 28, pp1053-1060
    • (1996) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.28 , pp. 1053-1060
    • Knicker, H.1    Almendros, G.2    González-Vila, F.J.3    Martin, F.4    Lüdemann, H.D.5
  • 22
    • 25144474533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condensation degree of burnt peat and plant residues and the reliability of solid-state VACP MAS 13C NMR spectra obtained from pyrogenic humic material
    • Knicker, H., Totsche, K. U., Almendros, G. and Gonzalez-Vila, F. J. (2005) 'Condensation degree of burnt peat and plant residues and the reliability of solid-state VACP MAS 13C NMR spectra obtained from pyrogenic humic material,' Organic Geochemistry, vol 36, pp1359-1377
    • (2005) Organic Geochemistry , vol.36 , pp. 1359-1377
    • Knicker, H.1    Totsche, K.U.2    Almendros, G.3    Gonzalez-Vila, F.J.4
  • 23
    • 0037354005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C and 15N profiles in 14C-dated Oxisol and Vertisols as a function of soil chemistry and mineralogy
    • Krull, E. S. and Skjemstad, J.O. (2003) '13C and 15N profiles in 14C-dated Oxisol and Vertisols as a function of soil chemistry and mineralogy,' Geoderma, vol 112, pp1-29
    • (2003) Geoderma , vol.112 , pp. 1-29
    • Krull, E.S.1    Skjemstad, J.O.2
  • 25
    • 0000230664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon, the global carbon cycle, and atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • J. S. Levine (ed), MIT Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. and Crutzen, P. J. (1996) 'Black carbon, the global carbon cycle, and atmospheric carbon dioxide,' in J. S. Levine (ed) Biomass Burning and Global Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, UK, pp161-169
    • (1996) Biomass Burning and Global Change , pp. 161-169
    • Kuhlbusch, T.A.J.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 26
    • 20444425333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles
    • Lehmann, J., Liang, B., Solomon, D., Lerotic, M., Luizão, F., Kinyangi, F., Schäfer, T., Wirick, S. and Jacobsen, C. (2005) 'Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles' Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol 19, pGB1013
    • (2005) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.19
    • Lehmann, J.1    Liang, B.2    Solomon, D.3    Lerotic, M.4    Luizão, F.5    Kinyangi, F.6    Schäfer, T.7    Wirick, S.8    Jacobsen, C.9
  • 27
    • 1542651051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative solidstate 13C NMR measurements on cokes, chars and coal tar pitch fractions
    • Maroto-Valer, M. M., Andrésen, J. M., Rocha, J. D. and Snape, C. E. (1996) 'Quantitative solidstate 13C NMR measurements on cokes, chars and coal tar pitch fractions,' Fuel, vol 75, pp1721-1726
    • (1996) Fuel , vol.75 , pp. 1721-1726
    • Maroto-Valer, M.M.1    Andrésen, J.M.2    Rocha, J.D.3    Snape, C.E.4
  • 28
    • 3142534725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of partially carbonized coals by solid-state 13C NMR and optical microscopy
    • Maroto-Valer, M. M., Atkinson, C. J., Willmers, R. R. and Snape, C. E. (1998) 'Characterization of partially carbonized coals by solid-state 13C NMR and optical microscopy,' Energy and Fuels, vol 12, pp833-842
    • (1998) Energy and Fuels , vol.12 , pp. 833-842
    • Maroto-Valer, M.M.1    Atkinson, C.J.2    Willmers, R.R.3    Snape, C.E.4
  • 29
    • 19244381420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from rapeseed cake
    • Özçimen, D. and Karaosmanoglu, F. (2004) 'Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from rapeseed cake,' Renewable Energy, vol 29, pp779-787
    • (2004) Renewable Energy , vol.29 , pp. 779-787
    • Özçimen, D.1    Karaosmanoglu, F.2
  • 30
    • 0028501401 scopus 로고
    • Cellulose char structure:A combined analytical Py-GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR study
    • Pastorova, I., Botto, R. E., Arisz, P.W. and Boon, J. J. (1994) 'Cellulose char structure:A combined analytical Py-GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR study,' Carbohydrate Research, vol 262, pp27-47
    • (1994) Carbohydrate Research , vol.262 , pp. 27-47
    • Pastorova, I.1    Botto, R.E.2    Arisz, P.W.3    Boon, J.J.4
  • 31
    • 0034283207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical structure and sources of the macromolecular, resistant, organic fraction isolated from a forest soil (Lacadée, south-west France)
    • Poirier, N., Derenne, S., Rouzaud, J.-N., Largeau, C., Mariotti, A., Balesdent, J. and Maquet, J. (2000) 'Chemical structure and sources of the macromolecular, resistant, organic fraction isolated from a forest soil (Lacadée, south-west France),' Organic Geochemistry, vol 31, pp813-827
    • (2000) Organic Geochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 813-827
    • Poirier, N.1    Derenne, S.2    Rouzaud, J.-N.3    Largeau, C.4    Mariotti, A.5    Balesdent, J.6    Maquet, J.7
  • 32
    • 33748572614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and origin of the nonhydrolysable organic fraction in a forest and a cultivated temperate soil, as determined by isotopic and microscopic studies
    • Poirier, N., Derenne, S., Balesdent, J., Chenu, C., Bardoux, G., Mariotti, A. and Largeau, C. (2006) 'Dynamics and origin of the nonhydrolysable organic fraction in a forest and a cultivated temperate soil, as determined by isotopic and microscopic studies,' European Journal of Soil Science, vol 57, pp719-730
    • (2006) European Journal of Soil Science , vol.57 , pp. 719-730
    • Poirier, N.1    Derenne, S.2    Balesdent, J.3    Chenu, C.4    Bardoux, G.5    Mariotti, A.6    Largeau, C.7
  • 33
    • 0033761807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges
    • Schmidt, M.W. I. and Noack, A.G. (2000) 'Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges,' Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol 14, pp777-793
    • (2000) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.14 , pp. 777-793
    • Schmidt, M.W.I.1    Noack, A.G.2
  • 35
    • 0020912610 scopus 로고
    • Development of aromaticity in cellulosic chars
    • Shafizadeh, F. and Sekiguchi, Y. (1983) 'Development of aromaticity in cellulosic chars,' Carbon, vol 21, pp511-516
    • (1983) Carbon , vol.21 , pp. 511-516
    • Shafizadeh, F.1    Sekiguchi, Y.2
  • 36
    • 0001533952 scopus 로고
    • Elementary composition, humus composition, and decomposition in soil of charred grassland plants
    • Shindo, H. (1991) 'Elementary composition, humus composition, and decomposition in soil of charred grassland plants,' Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol 37, pp651-657
    • (1991) Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , vol.37 , pp. 651-657
    • Shindo, H.1
  • 39
    • 33748038445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast pyrolysis of rice husk: Product yields and compositions
    • Tsai, W.T., Lee, M. K. and Chang, Y. M. (2006) 'Fast pyrolysis of rice husk: Product yields and compositions,' Bioresource Technology, vol 98, pp22-28
    • (2006) Bioresource Technology , vol.98 , pp. 22-28
    • Tsai, W.T.1    Lee, M.K.2    Chang, Y.M.3
  • 40
    • 28844500314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast pyrolysis of soybean cake: Product yields and compositions
    • Uzun, B. B., Pütün, A. E. and Pütün, E. (2006) 'Fast pyrolysis of soybean cake: Product yields and compositions,' Bioresource Technology, vol 97, pp569-576
    • (2006) Bioresource Technology , vol.97 , pp. 569-576
    • Uzun, B.B.1    Pütün, A.E.2    Pütün, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.