Brushing, poultice or immersion? The role of the application technique on the performance of a novel hydroxyapatite-based consolidating treatment for limestone

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 173-184

  Franzoni, Elisa ^a   Sassoni, Enrico ^a   Graziani, Gabriela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Abrasion; Ammonium phosphate; Calcite; Compatibility; Inorganic consolidants; Penetration depth

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925347627     PISSN: 12962074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2014.05.009     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Sassoni E., Naidu S., Scherer G.W. The use of hydroxyapatite as a new inorganic consolidant for damaged carbonate stones. J. Cult. Herit. 2011, 12:346-355.
2. Sassoni E., Franzoni E., Scherer G.W., Naidu S. Consolidation of a porous limestone by means of a new treatment based on hydroxyapatite. Proceedings of 12th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone 2014, (in press).
3. Sassoni E., Franzoni E., Pigino B., Scherer G.W., Naidu S. Consolidation of calcareous and siliceous sandstones by hydroxyapatite: comparison with a TEOS-based consolidant. J. Cult. Herit. 2013, 14S:e103-e108.
4. Yang F.W., Liu Y., Zhu Y.C., Long S.J., Zuo G.F., Wang C.Q., Guo F., Zhang B.J., Jiang S.W. Conservation of weathered historic sandstones with biomimetic apatite. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2012, 57:2171-2176.
5. Naidu S., Sassoni E., Scherer G.W. New treatment for corrosion-resistant coatings for marble and consolidation of limestone. Proceedings of "Jardins de Pierres - Conservation of stone in Parks, Gardens and Cemeteries" 2011, 289-294.
6. Naidu S., Scherer G.W. Development of hydroxyapatite films to reduce the dissolution rate of marble. Proceedings of 12th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone 2014, (in press).
7. Liu Q., Zhang B. Synthesis and characterization of a novel biomaterial for the conservation of historic stone building and sculptures. Mater. Sci. Forum. 2011, 675-677:317-320.
8. Yang F.W., Liu Y., Zuo G.F., Zhu Y.C., Zhang B.J., Hua P.N. Biomimetic fuoroapatite films for conservation of historic calcareous stones. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2012, 57:1590-1594.
9. Sassoni E., Naidu S., Scherer G.W. Preliminary results of the use of hydroxyapatite as a consolidant for carbonate stones. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2011, 1319:189-195. [mrsf10-1319-ww04-05]. 10.1557/opl.2011.735.
10. Matteini M., Rescic S., Fratini F., Botticelli G. Ammonium phosphates as consolidating agents for carbonatic stone materials used in architecture and cultural heritage: preliminary research. Int. J. Archit. Herit. Conserv. Anal. Restor. 2011, 5:717-736.
11. Yang F., Zhang B., Liu Y., Guofeng W., Zhang H., Cheng W., Xu Z. Biomimic conservation of weathered calcareous stones by apatite. New J. Chem. 2011, 35:887-892.
12. Naidu S., Liu C., Scherer G.W. New techniques in limestone consolidation: hydroxyapatite-based consolidant and the acceleration of hydrolysis of silicate-based consolidants. J. Cult. Herit. 2014, 10.1016/j.culher.2014.01.001.
13. Ferreira Pinto A.P., Delgado Rodrigues J. Stone consolidation: the role of treatment procedures. J. Cult. Herit. 2008, 9:38-53.
14. Ferreira Pinto A.P., Delgado Rodrigues J. Consolidation of carbonate stones: influence of treatment procedures on the strengthening action of consolidants. J. Cult. Herit. 2012, 13:154-166.
15. Mundronja D., Vanmeert F., Hellemans K., Fazinic S., Janssens K., Tibljas D., Rogosic M., Jakovljevic S. Efficiency of applying ammonium oxalate for protection of monumental limestone by poultice, immersion and brushing methods. Appl. Phys. A 2013, 111:109-119.
16. Vergès-Belmin V., Heritage A., Bourgès A. Powdered cellulose poultices in stone and wall painting conservation - Myths and realities. Stud. Conserv. 2011, 56:281-297.
17. Wihr R. The preservation of damaged stones by the so-called acrylic-total-impregnation-process. Deterioramento e conservazione della pietra: Atti del 3° Congresso Internazionale 1979, 389-394.
18. Franzoni E., Sassoni E., Scherer G.W., Naidu S. Artificial weathering of stone by heating. J. Cult. Herit. 2013, 14S:e85-e93.
19. Sassoni E., Franzoni E. Influence of porosity on artificial deterioration of marble and limestone by heating. Appl. Phys. A Mater. 2014, 115:809-816.
20. Scherer G.W., Wheeler G.S. Silicate consolidants for stone. Key Eng. Mater. 2009, 391:1-25.
21. Amoroso G.G., Fassina V. Stone Decay and Conservation 1983, Elsevier, New York.
22. Karatasios I., Theoulakis P., Kalagri A., Sapalidis A., Kilikoglou V. Evaluation of consolidation treatments of marly limestones used in archaeological monuments. Construct. Build. Mater. 2009, 23:2803-2812.
23. Pinna D., Salvadori B., Porcinai S. Evaluation of the application conditions of artificial protection treatments on salt-laden limestones and marble. Construct. Build. Mater. 2011, 25:2723-2732.
24. Ruffolo S.A., La Russa M.F., Aloise P., Belfiore C.M., Macchia A., Pezzino A., Crisci G.M. Efficacy of nanolime in restoration procedures of salt weathered limestone rock. Appl. Phys. A 2014, 114:753-758.
25. Franzoni E., Graziani G., Sassoni E., Bacilieri G., Griffa M., Lura P. Solvent-based TEOS consolidant for stone: influence of the application technique on penetration depth, efficacy and pore occlusion. Mater. Struct. 2014, (in press).
26. Cassar J. Deterioration of the Globigerina limestone of the Maltese Islands. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2002, 205:33-49.
27. Rothert E., Eggers T., Cassar J., Ruedrich J., Fitzner B., Siegesmund S. Stone properties and weathering induced by salt crystallization of Maltese Globigerina Limestone, in: R. Přikryl, B.J. Smith (Eds.), Building stone decay: from diagnosis to conservation. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 2007, 271:189-198.
28. Mifsud T., Cassar J. The treatment of weathered Globigerina Limestone: the surface conversion of calcium carbonate to calcium oxalate. Proc. Int. Conf. Herit. Weather. Conserv. HWC 2006, 2006(2):727-734.
29. Franzoni E., Sassoni E. Comparison between different methodologies for artificial deterioration of stone aimed at consolidants testing. Proceedings of 12th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone 2014, (in press).
30. Croveri P., Dei L., Giorgi R., Salvadori B. Consolidation of Globigerina limestone (Malta) by means of inorganic treatments: preliminary results, in: D. Kwiatkowski, R. Lofvendahi (Eds.). Proceedings of X International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone 2004, 463-470.
31. Dreyfuss T., Cassar J. Ammonium oxalate treatment application in the presence of soluble salts: laboratory results on soft limestone, in: M. Boriani, R. Gabaglio, D. Gulotta (Eds.). Proceedings of Built Heritage 2013-Monitoring Conservation Management 2013, 1271-1277.
32. Sandrolini F., Franzoni E., Cuppini G. Predictive diagnostics for decayed ashlars substitution in architectural restoration in Malta. Mater. Eng. 2000, 11:323-337.
33. Starov V.M. Surfactant solutions and porous substrates: spreading and imbibition. Adv. Colloid Interface 2004, 111:3-27.
34. European Standard EN 15801 Conservation of Cultural Property - Test Methods - Determination of Water Absorption by Capillarity 2010.
35. Franzoni E., Bandini S. Spontaneous electrical effects in masonry affected by capillary water rise: the role of salts. Construct. Build. Mater. 2012, 35:642-646.
36. Italian Recommendation NORMAL 20/85 Conservazione dei materiali lapidei: Manutenzione ordinaria e straordinaria 1985.
37. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki P., Kallithrakas-Kontos N., Korakaki D., Agioutantis Z., Maurigiannakis S. Evaluation of silicon-based strengthening agents on porous limestones. Prog. Org. Coat. 2006, 57:140-148.
38. Yavuz H., Ugur I., Demirdag S. Abrasion resistance of carbonate rocks used in dimension stone industry and correlations between abrasion and rock properties. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2008, 45:260-267.
39. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki P. Black crusts and patinas on Pentelic marble from the Parthenon and Erecteum (Acropolis, Athens): characterization and origin. Anal. Chim. Acta 2005, 532:187-198.
40. Förch R., Schönherr H., Tobias A., Jenkins A. Surface Design: Applications in Bioscience and Nanotechnology 2009, Wiley-VCH, United Kingdom.
41. Miliani C., Velo-Simpson M.L., Scherer G.W. Particle-modified consolidants: a study on the effect of particles on sol-gel properties and consolidation effectiveness. J. Cult. Herit. 2007, 8:1-6.