Can aerobic exercise complement antihypertensive drugs to achieve blood pressure control in individuals with essential hypertension?

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 456-462

  Maruf, Fatai A ^a   Salako, Babatunde L ^b   Akinpelu, Aderonke O ^b  

^a NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Aerobic exercise; Antihypertensive drugs; Blood pressure control

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

AEROBIC EXERCISE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRESCRIPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; BLOOD PRESSURE; EXERCISE; HYPERTENSION; KINESIOTHERAPY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; EXERCISE; EXERCISE THERAPY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION;

EID: 84925232297     PISSN: 15582027     EISSN: 15582035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32836263b2     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Familoni OB, Ogun SA, Aina OA. Awareness of hypertension and its determinants among hypertensive patients in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. J Netherlands Univ Assoc 2004; 96:620-624.
2. Konin C, Adoh M, Coulibaly E, et al. The adherence to hypertensive treatment and its factors. Trop Cardiol 2006; 128:52-57.
3. Mant J, McManus RJ. Does it matter whether patients take their antihypertensive medication as prescribed? The complex relationship between adherence and blood pressure control. J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20:551-553.
4. Cushman WC. The burden of uncontrolled hypertension: morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression. J Clin Hypertens 2003; 5(3 Suppl 2):14-22.
5. Pontremoil R, Viazzi F, Ravera M, et al. Long-term effect of nifedipine GITS and lisinopril on subclinical organ damage. J Nephrol 2001; 14:19-26.
6. Elliots HL. 24-h blood pressure control: its relevance to cardiovascular outcomes and the importance long-acting antihypertensive drugs. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:539-543.
7. Tsai J-C, Yang H-Y, Wang W-H, et al. The beneficial effect of regular endurance exercise training on blood pressure and quality of life in patients with hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2004; 26:255-265.
8. Halm J, Amoako E. Physical activity recommendation for hypertension management: does healthcare providers' advice make a difference? Ethn Dis 2008; 18:278-282.
9. Ordunez P, Barcelo A, Bernel JL, Espinosa A, Silva LC, Cooper RS. Risk factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension: findings from the baseline CARMEN survey in Cienfugos, Cuba. J Hypertens 2008; 26:663-671.
10. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Education and debate: British Hypertension Society guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS-IV): summary. Br Med J 2004; 328:634-640.
11. Fagard R. Physical exercise and coronary artery disease. Acta Cardiol 2002; 57:91-100.
12. Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from National High Blood Pressure Education Programme. JAMA 2002; 288:1882-1888.
13. Nakanishi N, Suzuki K. Daily life activity and the risk of developing hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men. Arch Intern Med 2002; 165:214-220.
14. Moser M, Setaro JF. Resistant or difficult to control hypertension. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:385-392.
15. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-1913.
16. Chanudet X, Lambert de Cremeur G, Bonnevie L. Physical activity in hypertension management. La Presse Medicale 2006; 35:1081-1087.
17. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in men: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Men Health Gender 2006; 3:61-70.
18. Mourad J-J, Danchin N, Puel J, et al. Cardiovascular impact of exercise and drug therapy in older hypertensive with coronary heart disease: PREHACOR study. Heart Vessels 2008; 23:20-25.
19. Chintanadilok J, Lowenthal DT. Exercise in treating hypertension: tailoring therapies for active patients. The Physician and Sports Medicine 2002; 30; http://www.educacion.gob.es/exterior/centros/severoochoa/es/departamentos/edfis/Hipertension.pdf [Accessed 1 July 2013].
20. Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:533-553.
21. Ketelhut RG, Franz IW, Scholze J. Regular exercise as an effective approach in antihypertensive therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:4-8.
22. Wallace JP. Exercise in hypertension: A clinical review. Sports Med 2003; 33:1-15.
23. Wang Y, Wang QJ. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among US adults according to the new Joint National Committee Guideline: new challenges of the old problems. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:2126-2134.
24. World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Geneva; 2003. www.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4883e [Accessed 16 July 2012]
25. Vrijens B, Vince G, Kristanto P, Urquhart J, Burnier M. Adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug treatments: longitudinal study of electronically compiled dosing histories. Br Med J 2008; 336:1114-1117.
26. Steyn K, Fourie JM, Lombard CJ, Katzenllenbogen J, Bourne L, Jooste P. Hypertension in black community of cape peninsula, South Africa. East Afr Med J 1996; 11:758-763.
27. Daugherty SL, Powers JD, Magid DJ, et al. The association between medication adherence and treatment intensification with blood pressure control in resistant hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 60:303-309.
28. Yusuff KB, Balogun O. Physician's prescribing of antihypertensive combination in a tertiary care setting in southwestern Nigeria. J Pharmacol Pharmaceut Sci 2005; 8:235-242.
29. Edwards PR, Steyn K, Walters L, Smart A, Gammon S, Lombard CJ. Hypertension management of medical aid patients attending private practices. S Afr Med J 1999; 89:160-164.
30. Connor M, Rheeder D, Bryer A, et al. The South African stroke risk in general practice study. S Afr Med J 2005; 95:334-339.
31. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:487-489.
32. Barnes PM, Schoenborn CA. Trends in adults receiving a recommendation for exercise or other physical activity from a physician or other health professional. NCHS data brief, no 86. Hyattsville, MD: National Centre for Health Statistics; 2012. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db86.pdf [Accessed 18 July 2012]
33. Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, Lubsen J. Does drug treatment improve survival? Reconciling the trials in mild-to-moderate hypertension. J Hypertens 1995; 13:805-811.
34. Sutton-Tyrell K, Wildman R, Newman A, Kuller LH. Extent of cardiovascular risk reduction associated with treatment isolated systolic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:2728-2731.
35. O'Connor PJ. Overcome clinical inertia to control systolic blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:267-268.
36. Schmieder RE, Messereli FH. Is the decrease in arterial pressure the sole factor for reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy? Am J Med 1992; 92(Suppl 4B):285-385.
37. Chintanadilok J, Lowenthal DT. Exercise in treating hypertension: tailoring therapies for active patients. Phys Sport Med 2000; 30:11-50.
38. World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension, Mild hypertension liaison Committee. Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: memorandum from a WHO/ISH meeting. J Hypertens 1989; 7:689-699.
39. National Cholesterol Education Program. 10-Years CVD risk calculator. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health; 2003.
40. Pickering TG. lifestyle modification and blood pressure control: is the glass half full or half empty? JAMA 2003; 289:2131-2132.
41. Brown MJ. Matching the right drug to the right patient in essential hypertension. Heart 2001; 86:113-120.
42. Vatten LJ, Nilsen TI, Holmen J. Combined effect of blood pressure and physical activity on cardiovascular mortality. J Hypertens 2006; 24:1939-1946.
43. Burke V, Beilin LJ, Cutt HE, Mansour J, Williams A, Mori TA. A lifestyle programme for treated-hypertensives-improved-health-related behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors, a randomized control trial. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60:133-141.
44. Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH. Effect of resistance training on resting blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 2005; 23:251-259.
45. National Clinical Guidance Centre. Hypertension. The clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2011. www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13561/56007.pdf [Accessed 18 July 2012]
46. Cox KK. Exercise and blood pressure: applying findings from the laboratory to the community settings. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:868-871.
47. Appel LJ. Lifestyle modification as a means to prevent and treat high blood pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:S99-S102.
48. Sohn AJ, Hasnain M, Sinacore JM. Impact of exercise (walking) on blood pressure levels in African adults with newly diagnosed hypertension. Ethn Disord 2007; 17:503-507.
49. Fernadez S, Scales KL, Pineiro JM, Schoenthaler AM, Ogedegbe G. A senior center-based pilot of the effect of lifestyle intervention on blood pressure in minority elderly people with hypertension. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:1860-1866.
50. Westhoff TH, Schmidt S, Gross V, et al. The cardiovascular effects of upper-limb aerobic exercise in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2008; 26:1336-1342.
51. Guo Q, Minami N, Mori N, et al. Effects of antihypertensive drugs and exercise training on insulin sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:525-533.
52. Xue F, Yao W, Lewin RJ. A randomised trial of a 5-week, manual-based, self-management programme for hypertension delivered in a cardiac patient club in Shanghai. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2008; 8:10; doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-10. (E-pub).
53. Dengel DR, Hagberg JM, Pratley RE, Rogus EM, Golberg AP. Improvements in blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipoprotein lipids after aerobic exercise plus weight loss in obese, hypertensive middleaged men. Metabolism 1998; 47:1075-1082.
54. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, (JNCVI). Arch Intern Med 1997; 153:154-183.
55. Douglas JG, Bakins GL, Epstein M, et al. Management of high blood pressure in Americans. Consensus statement of the Hypertension in Africans and Americans Working Group of the International Society on Hypertension in Blacks. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:525-541.
56. Kelemen MH, Effron MB, Valenti SA, Stewart KJ. Exercise training combined with antihypertensive drug therapy: effects on lipids, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. JAMA 1990; 263:2766-2771.
57. Radaelli A, Piepoli M, Adamopoulos S, et al. Effects of mild physical activity, atenolol and the combination on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 1992; 10:1279-1282.
58. Azevedo LF, Brum PC, Mattos KC, et al. Effects of losartan combined with exercise training in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1595-1603.
59. Minami M, Yoshikawa T, Kataoka H, et al. Effects of exercise and beta blockers on blood pressure and baroreflexes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16:966-972.
60. Science Daily. Health and medicine; 2010. www.sciencedaily.com/articles/a. [Accessed 27 June 2012]
61. Brandon LJ, Elliot-Llyod MB. Walking, body composition, and blood pressure dose-response in African-American and white women. Ethn Disord 2006; 16:675-681.
62. Tanaka H, Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET, Thompson DLI, Ashraf M, Rawson FL. Swimming training lowers the resting blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. J Hypertens 1997; 15:651-657.
63. Farinatti Pde T, Oliveira RB, Pinto VL, Monteiro WD, Franncischetti E. Home exercise program: short-term effects on physical aptitude and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Arch Braz Cardiol 2005; 84:473-479.
64. Laterza MC, de Matos LDN, Trombetta IC, et al. Exercise training restores baroreflex sensitivity in never-treated hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2007; 49:1298-1306..
65. Halbert JA, Silagy CA, Finucane P, Withers RT, Hamdort PA, Andrew GR. The effectiveness of exercise training in lowering blood pressure: A metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials of 4 weeks or longer. J Hum Hypertens 1997; 11:641-649.
66. Roger MW, Probst MM, Gruber JJ, et al. Differential effects of exercise training intensity on blood pressure and cardiovascular responses to stress in borderline hypertensive humans. J Hypertens 1996; 14:1369-1375.
67. Tashiro E, Miura S, Koga M, et al. Crossover comparison between the depressor effects of low and high work-rate exercise in mild hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993; 20:689-696.
68. Fagard RH. Exercise characteristics and the blood pressure responses to dynamic physical training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:S484-S492.
69. Kokkinos P, Pittaras A, Manolis A, et al. Exercise capacity and 24-h blood pressure in prehypertensive men and women. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19:251-258.
70. Hagberg JM. Physical activity, physical fitness, and blood pressure: NIH Consensus Development Conference: Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health. Bethesda, MD: Office of the Director National Institutes of Health; 1995: 69-71.
71. Braith RW, Pollock ML, Lowenthal DT, et al. Moderate-and high-intensity exercise lowers blood pressure in normotensive subjects 60 to 79 years of age. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73:1124-1128.
72. Palatini P. Exercise haemodynamics in the normotensive and the hypertensive subject. Clin Sci 1994; 87:275-287.
73. Hagberg JM, Park JJ, Brown MD. The role of exercise training in the treatment of hypertension: an update. Sports Med 2000; 30:193-206.
74. Kinoshita A, Urata H, Tanabe Y. What types of hypertensives respond better to mild exercise therapy? J Hypertens 1988; 6(Suppl 4):S631-S651.
75. Wallace JP, Betochi S, Lombardi R, et al. Hemodynamic determinants of blood pressure reduction following exercise. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1995; 15:361.
76. Pescatello LS, Kulikowich LM. The after effects of dynamic exercise on ambulatory blood pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:1855-1861.
77. Ade PA, Gunther PG, Meyer WL, Gibson TC, Maddalena J, Orfeo T. Cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations to training in systemic hypertension and effects of beta blockade (metoprolol and propranolol). Am J Cardiol 1990; 66:591-596.
78. Nami R, Mondillo S, Agricola E, et al. Aerobic exercise training fails to reduce blood pressure in nondipper-type hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13:593-600.
79. Martin WH, Montgomery J, Smell PG. Cardiovascular adaptations to intense swimming training in sedentary middle-aged men and women. Circulation 1987; 73:323-333.
80. Thompson PD. Exercise and sport cardiology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001: 404.
81. Stewart KJ. Exercise guidance in hypertension. Phys Sports Med 2000; 28. doi: 10.3810/psm.2000.10.1255 (E-pub).
82. Zanesco A, Antunes E. Effect of exercise training on cardiovascular system: pharmacological approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 114:307-317.
83. Fagard R, Cornelissen VA. Physical activity, exercise, fitness and blood pressure. In: Battagay EJ, Lip GYH, Bakris GL, editors. Hypertension: principles and practice. USA: Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton; 2005.
84. Brown MD, Dengel DR, Hogikyan RV, Supiano MA. Sympathetic activity and the heterogeneous blood responses to exercise training in hypertensives. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92:1434-1442.