Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 372, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 1126-1137

  Seydel, Karl B ^a,d   Kampondeni, Samuel D ^d,f   Valim, Clarissa ^g   Potchen, Michael J ^b   Milner, Danny A ^d,g,h   Muwalo, Francis W ^d   Birbeck, Gretchen L ^c   Bradley, William G ⁱ   Fox, Lindsay L ^a,d   Glover, Simon J ^e   Hammond, Colleen A ^b   Heyderman, Robert S ^e   Chilingulo, Cowles A ^f   Molyneux, Malcolm E ^e,j   Taylor, Terrie E ^a,d  

^a College of Osteopathic Medicine ^*  (United States)

^b Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology ^*  (United States)

^c MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Blantyre Malaria Project   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

^f Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital   (United States)

^g HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^h BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

QUININE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN MALARIA; BRAIN SIZE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; COMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINOPATHY; SURVIVOR; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; BRAIN; COMPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANT; MALARIA; MALAWI; MORTALITY; ORGAN SIZE; PAPILLEDEMA; PATHOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

BRAIN; BRAIN EDEMA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALARIA, CEREBRAL; MALAWI; MALE; ORGAN SIZE; PAPILLEDEMA;

EID: 84925060831     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1400116     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. World malaria report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world- malaria-report/en).
2. Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White N. Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005; 366:717-25.
3. Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an openlabel, randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376: 1647-57.
4. [Erratum, Lancet 2011;377:126.]
5. Dondorp AM, Lee SJ, Faiz MA, et al. The relationship between age and the manifestations of and mortality associated with severe malaria. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:151-7.
6. Hawkes M, Elphinstone RE, Conroy AL, Kain KC. Contrasting pediatric and adult cerebral malaria: the role of the endothelial barrier. Virulence 2013;4:543-55.
7. Taylor TE, Fu WJ, Carr RA, et al. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by postmortem parasite counts. Nat Med 2004;10:143-5.
8. MacPherson GG, Warrell MJ, White NJ, Looareesuwan S, Warrell DA. Human cerebral malaria: a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration. Am J Pathol 1985;119: 385-401.
9. White NJ, Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Chanthavanich P, Phillips RE, Pongpaew P. Pathophysiological and prognostic significance of cerebrospinal-fluid lactate in cerebral malaria. Lancet 1985;1:776-8.
10. Turner GD, Ly VC, Nguyen TH, et al. Systemic endothelial activation occurs in both mild and severe malaria: correlating dermal microvascular endothelial cell phenotype and soluble cell adhesion molecules with disease severity. Am J Pathol 1998;152:1477-87.
11. Elhassan IM, Hviid L, Satti G, et al. Evidence of endothelial inflammation, T cell activation, and T cell reallocation in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994;51:372-9.
12. Brown H, Hien TT, Day N, et al. Evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in human cerebral malaria. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1999;25:331-40.
13. Newton CR, Crawley J, Sowumni A, et al. Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1997;76:219-26.
14. Clark IA, Rockett RA, Cowden WB. TNF in cerebral malaria. Q J Med 1993; 86:217-8.
15. Clark IA, Cowden WB, Rockett KA. Nitric oxide in cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1995;171:1068-9.
16. Clemens R, Pramoolsinsap C, Lorenz R, Pukrittayakamee S, Bock HL, White NJ. Activation of the coagulation cascade in severe falciparum malaria through the intrinsic pathway. Br J Haematol 1994;87: 100-5.
17. Hemmer CJ, Kern P, Holst FG, et al. Activation of the host response in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: relation of parasitemia to tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, thrombin-antithrombin III, and protein C levels. Am J Med 1991;91:37-44.
18. Jimmy EO, Saliu I, Ademowo O. Fibrinopeptide-A and fibrinogen interactions in acute, Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003;97:879-81.
19. Mohanty D, Ghosh K, Nandwani SK, et al. Fibrinolysis, inhibitors of blood coagulation, and monocyte derived coagulant activity in acute malaria. Am J Hematol 1997;54:23-9.
20. Moxon CA, Wassmer SC, Milner DA Jr, et al. Loss of endothelial protein C receptors links coagulation and inflammation to parasite sequestration in cerebral malaria in African children. Blood 2013;122: 842-51.
21. World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000;94:Suppl 1:S1-S90.
22. Beare NA, Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Redefining cerebral malaria by including malaria retinopathy. Future Microbiol 2011;6:349-55.
23. Lewallen S, Bronzan RN, Beare NA, Harding SP, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Using malarial retinopathy to improve the classification of children with cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102:1089-94.
24. Newton CR, Kirkham FJ, Winstanley PA, et al. Intracranial pressure in African children with cerebral malaria. Lancet 1991;337:573-6.
25. Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994;70:281-7.
26. Taylor TE. Caring for children with cerebral malaria: insights gleaned from 20 years on a research ward in Malawi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009;103:Suppl 1:S6-S10.
27. Barrow GI, Feltham RKA, eds. Cowan and Steel's manual for the identification of medical bacteria. 3rd ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
28. Potchen MJ, Kampondeni SD, Ibrahim K, et al. NeuroInterp: a method for facilitating neuroimaging research on cerebral malaria. Neurology 2013;81:585-8.
29. Potchen MJ, Kampondeni SD, Seydel KB, et al. Acute brain MRI findings in 120 Malawian children with cerebral malaria: new insights into an ancient disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1740-6.
30. Hirsch LJ, Brenner RP, Drislane FW, et al. The ACNS subcommittee on research terminology for continuous EEG monitoring: proposed standardized terminology for rhythmic and periodic EEG patterns encountered in critically ill patients. J Clin Neurophysiol 2005;22:128-35.
31. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2011.
32. Romano A, Bozzao A, Bonamini M, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: clinical applications in neuroradiology. Radiol Med 2003;106:521-48.
33. Enwere G. A review of the quality of randomized clinical trials of adjunctive therapy for the treatment of cerebral malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10:1171-5.
34. Bauer G, Trinka E, Kaplan PW. EEG patterns in hypoxic encephalopathies (post-cardiac arrest syndrome): fluctuations, transitions, and reactions. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013;30:477-89.
35. Crepeau AZ, Rabinstein AA, Fugate JE, et al. Continuous EEG in therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: prognostic and clinical value. Neurology 2013; 80:339-44.
36. Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Bagnato S, Boccagni C, Galardi G. Life or death: prognostic value of a resting EEG with regards to survival in patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states. PLoS One 2011;6(10):e25967.
37. Meder JF, Chiras J, Roland J, Guinet P, Bracard S, Bargy F. Venous territories of the brain. J Neuroradiol 1994;21:118-33.
38. Teksam M, Moharir M, Deveber G, Shroff M. Frequency and topographic distribution of brain lesions in pediatric cerebral venous thrombosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1961-5.
39. Beare NA, Harding SP, Taylor TE, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Perfusion abnormalities in children with cerebral malaria and malarial retinopathy. J Infect Dis 2009;199:263-71.
40. Dorovini-Zis K, Schmidt K, Huynh H, et al. The neuropathology of fatal cerebral malaria in Malawian children. Am J Pathol 2011;178:2146-58.
41. Ponsford MJ, Medana IM, Prapansilp P, et al. Sequestration and microvascular congestion are associated with coma in human cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 2012;205:663-71.
42. Erratum, J Infect Dis 2012;206:1483.
43. Prohovnik I, Pavlakis SG, Piomelli S, et al. Cerebral hyperemia, stroke, and transfusion in sickle cell disease. Neurology 1989;39:344-8.
44. Milner DA Jr, Whitten RO, Kamiza S, et al. The systemic pathology of cerebral malaria in African children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014;4:104.
45. Oemichem M, Auer RN, K.nig HG. Forensic neuropathology and neurology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006.