Know your foe: Lessons from the analysis of tsetse fly behaviour

Trends in Parasitology

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 95-99

  Torr, S J ^a,b   Vale, G A ^c,d  

^a LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Animal African trypanosomiasis; Glossina; Human African trypanosomiasis; Sleeping sickness; Trypanosoma; Tsetse flies; Vector

Indexed keywords

INSECTICIDE;

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; BED NET; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; FEEDING; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; GLOSSINA; GLOSSINIDAE; HABITAT; HOST; HUMAN; INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SAVANNA; TRYPANOSOMA; VECTOR CONTROL; WILDERNESS; ANIMAL; DISEASE CARRIER; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; ZOONOSES;

ANIMALIA; GLOSSINA (GENUS); TRYPANOSOMA;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; TRYPANOSOMA; TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; TSETSE FLIES; ZOONOSES;

EID: 84924674037     PISSN: 14714922     EISSN: 14715007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.12.010     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Carde R.T., Gibson G. Host finding by female mosquitoes: mechanisms of orientation to host odours and other cues. Olfaction in Vector-Host Interactions 2010, 115-141. Wageningen Academic Publishers. W. Takken, B. Knols (Eds.).
2. Torr S.J., Solano P. Olfaction in Glossina-host interactions: a tale of two tsetse. Olfaction in Vector-Host Interactions 2010, Wageningen Academic Publishers. W. Takken, B.G.J. Knols (Eds.).
3. Scott S.C. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res. 2010, 85:328-345.
4. Collins W.E. Plasmodium knowlesi: a malaria parasite of monkeys and humans. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2012, 57:1071-1121.
5. Welburn S.C., et al. Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis. The Trypanosomiases 2005, 219-232. CABO.
6. Vale G.A. Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) to mobile and stationary baits. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1974, 64:545-588.
7. Fevre E.M., et al. Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10:567-573.
8. Welburn S.C., Maudlin I. Priorities for the elimination of sleeping sickness. Advances in Parasitology 2012, Vol 79:299-337. Elsevier Academic Press.
9. Simarro P.P., et al. The human African trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization 2000-2009: the way Forward. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2011, 5:e1007.
10. Shaw A. The economics of African trypanosomiasis. The Trypanosomiases 2004, 369-402. CABI. I. Maudlin (Ed.).
11. Maldonado B. English abstract of Portuguese texts of 1906 and 1909. Sleep. Sickness Bureau Bull. 1910, 2:26.
12. Buxton P.A. The Natural History of Tsetse Flies. An Account of the Biology of the Genus Glossina (Diptera) 1955, H.K. Lewis.
13. Whiteside E.F. An experiment in control of tsetse with DDT-treated oxen. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1949, 40:123-134.
14. Vanderplank F.L. Experiments with DDT on various species of tsetse flies in the field and laboratory. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1947, 40:603-620.
15. Vale G.A. New field methods for studying responses of tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) to hosts. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1974, 64:199-208.
16. Vale G.A., Torr S.J. Development of bait technology to control tsetse. The Trypanosomiases 2004, 509-523. CABI. I. Maudlin (Ed.).
17. House A.P.R. Chemosterilisation of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen in the field. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1982, 72:65-70.
18. Torr S.J., et al. Methods for dispensing odour attractants for tsetse flies (Diptera:Glossinidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 1997, 87:299-311.
19. Torr S.J., et al. The effects of host physiology on the attraction of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) and Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae) to cattle. Bull. Entomol. Res. 2006, 96:71-84.
20. Gibson G., Torr S.J. Visual and olfactory responses of haematophagous Diptera to host stimuli. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1999, 13:2-23.
21. Torr S.J., et al. Towards a rational policy for dealing with tsetse. Trends Parasitol. 2005, 21:537-541.
22. Clausen P.H., et al. Host preferences of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) based on bloodmeal identifications. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1998, 12:169-180.
23. Gibson G. Do tsetse flies see zebras? A field study of the visual response of tsetse to striped targets. Physiol. Entomol. 1992, 17:141-147.
24. Caro T., et al. The function of zebra stripes. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5:3535.
25. Vale G.A. Feeding responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to stationary hosts. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1977, 67:635-649.
26. Torr S.J. Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus Pallas). Bull. Entomol. Res. 1994, 84:411-419.
27. Baylis M. Effect of defensive behaviour by cattle on the feeding success and nutritional state of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 1996, 86:329-336.
28. Hargrove J.W. Tsetse population dynamics. The Trypanosomiases 2004, 113-137. CABI. I. Maudlin (Ed.).
29. Hargrove J.W., Williams B.G. A cost-benefit analysis of feeding in female tsetse. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1995, 9:109-119.
30. Schofield S., Torr S.J. A comparison of the feeding behaviour of tsetse and stable flies. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2002, 16:177-185.
31. Randolph S.E., et al. Modelling the effect of feeding-related mortality on the feeding strategy of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae). Med. Vet. Entomol. 1992, 6:231-240.
32. Torr S.J., Mangwiro T.N.C. Interactions between cattle and biting flies: effects on the feeding rate of tsetse. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2000, 14:400-409.
33. von Wissmann B., et al. Quantifying the association between bovine and human trypanosomiasis in newly affected sleeping sickness areas of Uganda. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8:e2931.
34. Simukoko H., et al. Heterogeneity in the trypanosomosis incidence in Zebu cattle of different ages and sex on the plateau of eastern Zambia. Acta Trop. 2007, 103.
35. Torr S.J., et al. Less is more: restricted application of insecticide to cattle to improve the cost and efficacy of tsetse control. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2007, 21:53-64.
36. Torr S.J., Hargrove J.W. Factors affecting the landing and feeding responses of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes to a stationary ox. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1998, 12:196-207.
37. Shaw A.P.M., et al. Estimating the costs of tsetse control options: an example for Uganda. Prev. Vet. Med. 2013, 110:290-303.
38. Vale G.A., et al. Biological and chemical assays of pyrethroids in cattle dung. Bull. Entomol. Res. 2004, 94:273-282.
39. Torr S.J., et al. Responses of tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina pallidipes, to baits of various size. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2011, 25:365-369.
40. Lindh J.M., et al. Improving the cost-effectiveness of artificial visual baits for controlling the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2009, 3:e474.
41. Esterhuizen J., et al. Improving the cost-effectiveness of visual devices for the control of riverine tsetse flies, the major vectors of human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2011, 5:e1257.
42. Vale G.A., et al. Explaining the host-finding behavior of blood-sucking insects: computerized simulation of the effects of habitat geometry on tsetse fly movement. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8:e2901.
43. Torr S.J., et al. The responses of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited traps and targets in Somalia. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1989, 79:99-108.
44. Green, K.K. (2002) Strategy for monitoring and sustainable integrated control or eradication of Glossina brevipalpis and G. austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11282005-134814/.
45. Rayaisse J.B., et al. Prospects for the development of odour baits to control the tsetse flies Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis s.l. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 4:e632.
46. Vale G.A., et al. Factors affecting the propensity of tsetse flies to enter houses and attack humans inside: increased risk of sleeping sickness in warmer climates. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2013, 7:e2193.
47. Vale G.A., et al. The use of small plots to study populations of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) - difficulties associated with population dispersal. Insect Sci. Appl. 1984, 5:403-410.
48. Torr S.J., et al. Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to natural and synthetic ox odours. Bull. Entomol. Res. 1995, 85:157-166.