The dignity of resistance: Women residents’ activism in Chicago public housing

The Dignity of Resistance: Women Residents' Activism in Chicago Public Housing

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-388

  Feldman, Roberta M ^a   Stall, Susan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^b NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924659220     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511734977     Document Type: Book

References (362)

1. Ackelsberg, M. (1988). Communities, resistance, and women’s activism: Some implications for a democratic polity. In A. Bookman & S. Morgen (Eds.), Women and the politics of empowerment (pp. 297–313). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
2. Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4, 139–158.
3. Advisory Council on the Chicago Housing Authority (1998, June). The report of the Advisory Council on the Chicago Housing Authority: New strategies, new standards for new times in public housing. Chicago: Chicago Housing Authority.
4. Allen, K. R., & Baber, K. M. (1992). Ethical and epitstemological tension in applying a postmodern perspective to feminist research. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 1–15.
5. Alinsky, S. (1969). Reveille for radicals. New York: Vintage.
6. Alinsky, S. (1971). Rules for radicals. New York: Vintage.
7. Altman, I., & Churchman, A. (Eds.) (1994). Women and the environment. Human behavior and environment series. Vol. 13. New York: Plenum.
8. Altman, I., & Low, S. M. (Eds.) (1992). Place attachment. Human behavior and environment series. Vol. 12. New York: Plenum.
9. Altman, I., & Rogoff, B. (1987). World views in psychology: Trait, interactional, organismic, and transactional perspectives. In D. Stokols & I. Altman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1–40). New York: Wiley.
10. Amey, H. (March 31, 1992). Discovery deposition transcript. Dorothy Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
11. Amey, H. (November 30, 1994). Affidavit. Dorothy Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
12. Anderson, E. (1990). Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Atlas, J., & Dreier, P. (1994). Public housing: What went wrong? Shelterforce, September/October: 4–5, 27.
14. Babbie, E. (2001). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
15. Bailey, R. Jr. (1972). Radicals in urban politics: The Alinsky approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
16. Baker, E. (1973). Developing community leadership, In G. Lerner (Ed.), Black women in white America (pp. 345–352). New York: Vintage.
17. Barnett, B. M. (1993). Invisible southern Black women leaders in the civil rights movement: The triple constraints of gender, race, and class. Gender & Society, 7, 162–182.
18. Barnett, B. M. (1995). Black women’s collectivist movement organizations: Their struggles during the “doldrums.” In M. M. Ferree & P. Y. Martin (Eds.), Feminist organizations: Harvest of the new women’s movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
19. Baum, H.S. (1997). The organization of hope: Communities planning themselves. Albany: State University of New York Press.
20. Bauman, J. (1994). Public housing: The dreadful saga of a durable policy. Journal of Planning Literature, 8(44), 347–361.
21. Becker, H. S. (1966). Introduction. In C. F. Shaw (Ed.), The jackroller: A delinquent boy’s own story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
22. Belenky, M. F., Bond, L. A., & Weinstock, J. S. (1997). A tradition that has no name. New York: Basic Books.
23. Bess, P. H. (August 8, 1988). What S. Armour Square needs is a latter-day Nathan, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, p. 11.
24. Birch, E. L. (1978).Woman-made housing: The case of early public housing policy. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 44, 130–143.
25. Birch, E. L. (Ed.). (1985). The unsheltered woman:Women and housing in the 80’s. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research.
26. Bookman, A., & Morgen, S. (Eds.). (1988). Women and the politics of empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
27. Boulding, K. (1981). A preface to grants economics: The economy of love and fear. New York: Praeger.
28. Bourque, S. C., & Grossholtz, J. (1974). Politics an unnatural practice: Political science looks at female participation. Politics and Society, 4(2), 225–264.
29. Bowley, D., Jr. (1978). The poorhouse: Subsidized housing in Chicago, 1895–1976. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
30. Bratcher, J. (April 5, 1988). Residents take swing at stadium plans, Chicago Defender, Sec. 1, pp. 1, 18.
31. Bratt, R. G. (1989). Rebuilding a low-income housing policy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
32. Brenner, J., and Barbara Laslett. (1986). In U. Himmelstrand (Ed.), Sociology from crisis to science? The social reproduction of organization and culture, vol. 2 (pp. 116–131). London: Sage.
33. Briggs, X. D. S. (1997). Social capital and the cities: Advice to change agents, National Civic Review, 86(2), 111–117.
34. Briggs, X. D. S. (1998). Brown kids in white suburbs: Housing mobility and the many face of social capital. Housing Policy Debate, 9(1), 177–221.
35. Briet, M., Klandermans, B., & Kroon, F. (1987).Howwomen become involved in the women’s movement of the Netherlands. In M. F. Katzenstein & C. M. Mueller (Eds.), The women’s movements of the United States and Western Europe: Consciousness, political opportunity, and public policy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
36. Brietbart, M. M., & Pader, E. J. (1995). Establishing ground: Representing gender and race in a mixed housing development. Gender, Place and Culture, 2(1), 5–20.
37. Brotman, B. (April 5, 1988). Protest groups make their pitches at White Sox opener, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 1, 6.
38. Bukowski, D. (1992). Baseball palace of the world. Chicago: Lyceum Books.
39. Buttimer, A. (1980). Home, reach, and the sense of place. In A. Buttimer & D. Seamon (Eds.), The human experience of space and place (pp. 166–187). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
40. Cagan, J., and deMause, N. (1998). Field of schemes: How the great stadium swindle turns public money into private profit. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
41. Cairncross, L., Clapman, D., & Goodlad (1994, Summer). Tenant participation and tenant power in British council housing. Public Administration, pp. 177–200.
42. Cantarow, E. (1980). Moving the mountain: Women working for social change. New York: The Feminist Press.
43. Carter, M. (November 30, 1994). Affidavit. D. Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
44. Castells, M. (1983). The city and the grass roots. Berkeley: University of California Press.
45. CHA Statistical Report 1948–1984 (1985). (Report published by the Chicago Housing Authority.)
46. Chandler, M. O. (1991). What have we learned from public housing resident management. Journal of Planning Literature, 6, 136–143.
47. CHAT (1948).V. 3 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
48. CHAT (1969). V. 10 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
49. CHAT (1970). V. 11 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
50. CHAT (1973). V. 14 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
51. Chawla, L. (1992). Childhood place attachments. In I. Altman&S. Low (Eds.), Place attachment (pp. 63–86). New York: Plenum.
52. Chicago Fact Book Consortium. (1995). Local community fact book: Chicago metropolitan area 1990. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers.
53. Chicago Housing Authority (1943, March 10). The Chicago Housing Authority: Manager and builder of low-rent communities. (Report issued by the Chicago Housing Authority.)
54. Chicago Housing Authority (1947). (Report to the Mayor.)
55. Chicago Housing Authority (1947, September 30). The Tenth Year of the Chicago Housing Authority. (Report issued by Chicago Housing Authority.)
56. Chicago Housing Authority (1950). The Livability of Low-Rent Public Housing: A Pilot Survey of Five CHA Projects.
57. Chicago Housing Authority (1985). CHA Statistical Report, 1948–1984.
58. Chicago Housing Authority (1997). Residential Satisfaction Summary:Year-End 1997. (Report issued by the Office of Management Analysis and Monitoring, Chicago Housing Authority.)
59. Chicago Housing Authority (1991). Department of Research and Program Development.
60. Chicago Tribune (1986). The Chicago wall. Special report compiling a 1986 series published in the Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune (June 22, 2001). Sec. 2, p. 5.
61. Chombart de Lauwe, P. (1976). Appropriation of space and social change. In P. Korosec-Serfaty (Ed.), Appropriation of Space: Proceedings of the Third International Architectural Psychology Conference (pp. 23–30). Strasbourg, France: IAPS
62. Clark, D. (1973). The concept of community: A re-examination. Sociological Review, 21(3), 397–416.
63. Clark, H. (1993). Taking up space: Redefining political legitimacy in New York City. Environment and Planning, 26, 937–955.
64. Clark, H. (1994). Sites of resistance: Place, “race’ and gender as sources of empowerment. In P. Jackson & J. Penrose (Eds.), Constructions of race, place, and nation (121–142). London: UCL Press.
65. Collins, P. H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge.
66. Cooper, C. (1974). The house a symbol of self (Report No. 122). Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
67. Cooper Marcus, C., & Sarkissian, W. (1986). Housing as if people mattered: Site design guidelines for medium-density family housing. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California.
68. Cott, N. F. (1977). The bonds of womanhood: “Woman’s sphere” in New England, 1780–1835. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
69. Couto, R. A. (1999). Making democracy work better. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
70. CPHT (1949). V. 11 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
71. CPMT (1948). V. 10 (Newsletter published by the Chicago Public Housing Authority.)
72. Crooks, R., and K. Baur (1999). Our sexuality. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
73. Crozier, M., & Friedberg (1980). Actors and systems: The politics of collective action. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
74. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Rochberg-Halton, E. (1981). The meaning of things: Domestic symbols and the self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
75. Daniels, A. K. (1985). Good times and good works: The place of sociability in the work of women volunteers. Social Problems, 32(3), 363–374.
76. Daniels, A. K. (1987). Invisible work. Social Problems, 34(5), 403–415.
77. Daniels, A. K. (1988). Invisible careers. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
78. Davis, A. (1981). Women, race and class. New York: Random House.
79. Delamont, S. (1980). The sociology of women. London: George Allen and Unwin.
80. Dellios, H. (January 20, 1988). Sox stadium foes plan strategy, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 3.
81. De Vault, M. L. (1991). Feeding the family: The social organization of caring as gender work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
82. Despres, C. (1989, August). The meaning of home: Literature review and directions for future research and theoretical development. (Paper presented at the International Housing Symposium. Gavle, Sweden.)
83. di Leonardo, M. (1987). Female world of cards and holidays:Women, families and the work of kinship, Signs: Journal ofWomen in Culture and Society 12(3), 440–453.
84. Drake, S., & Cayton, H. (1945). Black metropolis. New York: Harcourt Brace.
85. Dryfoos, J. G. (1998). Safe passage. New York: Oxford University Press.
86. Duncan, N. G. (1981). Home ownership and social theory. In J. S. Duncan (Ed.), Housing and identity: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 98–134). London: Croom Helm.
87. Durkheim, E. (1965). Elementary forms of the religious life. New York: Free Press.
88. Education Center for Community Organizing (ECCO). (1989). Women on the advance: Highlights of a national conference on women and organizing. Stony Point, NY: ECCO.
89. Ellis, R. J. (1986). A theory of charismatic leadership in organizations. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies in Public Organization, University of California, Working Paper No. 86-2.
90. Emmett, D. (1971). The concept of power. In J. R. Champlin (Ed.), Power (pp. 78–103). New York: Atherton Press.
91. Epp, G. (1996). Emerging strategies for revitalizing public housing communities. Housing Policy Debate, 7(3), 563–588.
92. Euchner, C. C. (1993). Playing the field: Why sports teams move and cities fight to keep them. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
93. Evans, S. M., & Boyte, H. C. (1981, Summer). Schools for social action: Radical uses of social space. Democracy, pp. 55–65.
94. Evans, S. M., & Boyte, H. C. (1986). Free spaces: The sources of democratic change in America. New York: Harper & Row.
95. Feldman, R. M. (1988). Psychological bonds with types of settlements. In H. Van Hoogdalem, N. L. Prak, T. J. M. Van Der Voordt, & H. B. R. Van Wagen (Eds.), Looking Back to the Future: Proceedings of the Tenth International Association of People Environment Studies Conference (Vol. 2, pp. 335–343). The Netherlands: Delft University Press.
96. Feldman, R. M. (1990). Settlement-identity: Psychological bonds with home places in a mobile society. Environment and Behavior, 22(2), 183–229.
97. Feldman, R. M. (1994). Society’s salvation or demise: The meaning of the city/suburb distinction in contemporary U. S. metropolitan society. In M. Baldassare (Ed.), Suburban communities (229–251). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
98. Feldman, R. M. (1996). Constancy and change in attachments to type of settlements. Environment and Behavior, 28(4), 419–445.
99. Feldman, R. M., & Stall, S. (1989, June–July).Women in public housing: “There just comes a point…. ” The Neighborhood Works, pp. 4–6.
100. Feldman, R. M., & Stall, S. (1990). Resident activism in public housing:Acase study of women’s invisible work of building community. In R. I. Selby, K. H. Anthony, J. Choi, & B. Orland (Eds.), Coming of age: The proceedings of the Environmental Design Research Association annual conference (pp. 111–119). Urbana-Champaign, IL: IAPS
101. Feldman, R. M., & Stall, S. (1994). The politics of space appropriation: A case study of women’s struggles for homeplace in Chicago public housing. In I. Altman & A. Churchman (Eds.), Women and the environment (pp. 167–199). Human Behavior and Environment Series, Vol. 13. New York: Plenum.
102. Feldman, R. M., & Westphal, L. M. (2001). An agenda for community design and planning: Participation and empowerment in practice. In R. Lawrence (Ed.), Sustaining human settlements: A challenge for the new millenium (pp. 106–139). Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, England: Urban International Press.
103. Ferree, M., and F. Miller. (1985). Mobilization and meaning: Toward an integration of social psychological and resource perspectives on social movements. Sociological Inquiry, 55, 38–61.
104. Fischer, G. S., Jackson, R. M., Steuve, C. A., Gerson, K., & Jones, L. M. (Eds.). (1977). Networks and places: Social relations in the urban setting. New York: Free Press.
105. Fischer, R. (1959). Twenty years of public housing. New York: Harper & Brothers.
106. Flanagan, R. M. (1997). The housing act of 1954: The sea change in national urban policy. Urban Affairs Review, 33(2), 265–286.
107. Focus (1985). Who lives in public housing? (Newsletter of the Joint Center for Political Studies, Washington, DC)
108. Ford, L. (June 19, 2001). CHA crime down most. Chicago Tribune, Sec. 3, pp. 1, 6.
109. Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York: Vintage.
110. Francis, M., Moore, R., Iacofano, D., Klein, S., & Paxson, L. (Eds.). (1987). Design and democracy. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 4(4), 273–359.
111. Franck, K. (1995). From courts to open spaces to streets; Changes in the site design of U.S. public housing. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 12, 186–220.
112. Franck, K. (1998). Imagining away of know: Somereasons for teaching “architecture of utopia.” Utopian Studies, 9(1), 120–141.
113. Fried, M. (1963). Grieving for a lost home. In L. Duhl (Ed.), The urban condition (pp. 151–171). New York: Basic Books.
114. Fried, M., & Gleicher, P. (1970). Some sources of residential satisfaction in an urban slum. In H. M. Proshansky, W. H. Ittelson, & L. G. Rivlin (Eds.), Environmental psychology: Man and his physical setting (pp. 333–346). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
115. Fried, M. (1963). Grieving for a lost home. In L. Duhl (Ed.), The urban condition (pp. 151–171). New York: Basic Books.
116. Fried, M., & Gleicher, P. (1970). Some sources of residential satisfaction in an urban slum. In H. M. Proshansky, W. H. Ittelson, & L. G. Rivlin (Eds.), Environmental psychology: Man and his physical setting (pp. 333–346). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
117. Fuerst, J. S. (June 1988). Tenant management in low-rent public housing. Social Service Review, pp. 337–345.
118. Gambetta, D. (1988). Can we trust? In D. Gambetta (Ed.), Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations. Oxford: Blackwell.
119. Gamson, W. A., Fireman, B., & Rytina, S. (1982). Encounters with unjust authority. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
120. Gans, H. J. (1962). The urban villagers. New York: The Free Press.
121. Garbarino, J., Kostenlny, K., & Durbrow, N. (1991). No place to be a child: Growing up in a war zone. Lexinton, MA: Lexington Books.
122. Gardner, H. (1995). Leading Minds: An anatomy of leadership. New York: Basic Books.
123. Garland, A. W. (Ed.) (1988). Women activists: Challenging the abuse of power. New York: The Feminist Press.
124. Garza, M. M. (April 22, 1999). Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 3.
125. Garza, M. M., & McRoberts, F. (1999, October 1). Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, pp. 1, 4.
126. Gilkes, C. T. (1979). Living and working in a world of trouble: The emergent career of the black women community workers. Doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University.
127. Gilkes, C. T. (1980) Holding back the ocean with a broom: Black women and their community work. In L.R. Rodgers-Rose (Ed.), The Black woman (pp. 217–232). Beverly Hills: Sage.
128. Gilkes, C. T. (1985, Summer). Together and in harness: Women’s traditions in the sanctified church. Signs, p. 679.
129. Gilkes, C. T. (1988). Building in many places: Multiple commitments and ideologies in Black women’s community work. In A. Bookman & S. Morgen (Eds.), Women and the politics of empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
130. Gilligan, C. (1977). In a different voice: Women’s conceptions of self and morality. Harvard Educational Review, 47(4), 481–517.
131. Giroux, H. A. (1983a). Theory & resistance in education. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
132. Giroux, H. A. (1983b). Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education, Harvard Educational Review, 53, 257–293.
133. Gittell, M. (1980). Limits to citizen participation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
134. Gittell, M., Ortega-Bustamante, I., & Steffy, T. (1999). Women creating social capital and social change. New York: Howard State Management and Policy Center, The City University of New York.
135. Gittell, R., and Vidal, A. (1998). Community organizing: Building social capital as a development strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
136. Giuliani, M. V. (1989). Attachment to place: Some reflections on residential environments. Paper presented at the International Housing Symposium, The Meaning and Use of Home and Neighborhood, Gavla, Sweden.
137. Giuliani, M. V. (1993). Place attachment in a development and cultural context. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(3): 267–274.
138. Giuliani, V., & Feldman, R. M. (1994). Review of I. Altman & S. M. Low (1992), Place Attachment (Human Behavior and Environment, Advances in Theory and Research, Vol. 12), New York: Plenum Press. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 267–274.
139. Glaser, R. G., and Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.
140. Glenn, E. N., Chang, G., & Forcey, L. R. (Eds.). (1994). Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency. New York: Routledge.
141. Gluckman, M. (1963). Gossip and scandal. Current Anthropology, 4(3), 308–315.
142. Graumann, C. F. (1976). The concept of appropriation (aneignung) and modes of appropriation of space. In P. Korosec-Serfaty (Ed.), Appropriation of space: Proceedings of the Third International Architectural Psychology Conference (pp. 113–123). Strasbourg, France: IAPS
143. Grimes, A. (1983). Women organize: Public housing tenants from support groups for survival, The Neighborhood Works, 6 (11), pp. 1, 5–8.
144. Gruber, J., & Tricket, E. J. (1987). Can we empower others? The paradox of empowerment in the governing of an alternative public school. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15 (3), 353–371.
145. Gutierrez, L. M., and Lewis, E. A. (1992). A feminist perspective on organizing with women of color. In F. G. Rivera & J. I Erlich (Eds.), Community organizing in a diverse society. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
146. Hallman, H.W. (1984). Neighborhoods: Their place in urban life. Beverly Hills: Russell Sage.
147. Harding, S. (1981). What is the real material base of partriarchy and capital? In L. Sargent (Ed.), Women and revolution: A discussion of the unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism, (pp. 135–163). Boston: South End Press.
148. Hartmann, H. L. (1981). The family as a the locus of gender, class, and political struggle: The example of housework. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 6(3), 366–394.
149. Hartsock, N. C. M. (1979). Feminism, power, and change: A theoretical analysis. In B. Cummings & V. Schuck (Eds.), Women organizing: An anthology (pp. 2–24). Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press.
150. Hayden, D. (1984). Redesigning the American dream: The future of housing, work, and family life. New York:W.W. Norton.
151. Hayward, D. G. (1978). An overview of psychological concepts of home. In R. L. Brauer (Ed). Priorities for environmental design research (pp. 418–419).Washington, DC: EDRA.
152. Haywoode, T. (1991). Working class feminism: Creating a politics of community, connection, and concern. Ph.D. dissertation, The City University of New York.
153. Heilman, S. C. (1976). Synagogue life: A study in symbolic interaction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
154. Henderson, H. (May 29, 1998). There goes their neighborhood. Reader, Sec. 1, 27(34): pp. 1, 18, 20, 23, 24.
155. Henig, J. R. (1982). Neighborhood mobilization: Redevelopment and response. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
156. Hirsch, A. (1983). Making of the second ghetto: Race and housing in Chicago: 1940–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
157. Honchar, C. (January 12, 1971). CHA given ultimatum on federal funds, Chicago Tribune.
158. Holt, G.E., & Pacyga, D. (1979). Chicago: An historical guide to the neighborhoods, the Loop and the South Side. Chicago: The Chicago Historical Society.
159. Hooks, B. (1990). Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics. Boston: South End Books.
160. Huberman A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In K. D. Norman & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428–444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
161. HUD (October 1, 1999) The widening gap: New findings on housing affordability in America. Available at:hudsuernews@aspensys.com.
162. Hummon, D. M. (1992). Community attachment: Local sentiment and sense of place. In I. Altman & S. Low (Eds.), Place attachment (pp. 253–278). New York: Plenum.
163. ICF Inc. (1992), Evaluation of resident management in public housing. Report prepared for the Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, December.
164. Jackson, K. T. (1985). Crabgrass frontier: The suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
165. Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life a great American cities. New York: Vintage Press.
166. Johnson, S. (December 4, 1986). “Stadium plan has plenty of Sox appeal in Bridgeport,” Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, p. 2.
167. Jones, H. L. (December 9–22, 1993). Why Wentworth works. South Street Journal, p. 3, 11.
168. Kahn, D. (March 4, 1941) Pioneer in public housing, Elizabeth Wood blazes way for other women, Christian Science Monitor, p. 1.
169. Kaplan, T. (1982). Female consciousness and collective action: The case study of Barcelona, 1910–1918. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 7(3), 545–566.
170. Kaplan, J. (January 11, 1987). White Sox’s neighbors want mayor to go to bat for them, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 3.
171. Kasarda, J. D., & Janowitz, M. (1974). Community attachment in mass society. American Sociological Review, 39, 328–339.
172. Kass, J. (July 7, 1988). “Sox stadium foes offered homes, jobs,” Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, pp. 1–2.
173. Kass, J. (August 6, 1988). Authority Oks deal for Sox neighbors, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, p. 5.
174. Kass, J., & Egler, D. (July 1, 1988). Bipartisan rally pushes deal through, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1 pp. 1, 8.
175. Kass, J., & Luft, K. (August 4, 1988). Sox neighbors agree to stadium deal, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2 pp. 1, 8.
176. Keller, S. (1968). The urban neighborhood:Asociological perspective. NewYork: Random House.
177. Keys, L. D. (1991). The effects of resident empowerment in community planning for African-American underclass populations. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
178. Kieffer, C. H. (1984). Citizen empowerment: A developmental perspective. In J. Rappaport, C. Swift, & R. Hess (Eds.), Studies in empowerment: Steps toward understanding action (pp. 9–36). New York: Haworth.
179. Korosec-Serfaty, P. (Ed.). (1976). Appropriation of Space: Proceedings of the Third International Architectural Psychology Conference. Strasbourg, France: IAPS
180. Kotlowitz, A. (1991). There are no children here: The story of growing up in the other America. New York: Doubleday.
181. Krauss, C. (1983, Fall). The elusive process of citizen activism. Social Policy, pp. 50–55.
182. Kroeker, C. J. (1995). Individual, organizational, and societal empowerment: A study of the processes in a Nicaraguan agricultural cooperative. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 749–764.
183. Kuczmarski, S., & Kuczmarski, T. (1995). Values-Based Leadership: Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
184. Lappe, F. M., & Du Bois, P. M. (1994). The quickening of America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
185. Laramore, D. et al. (1989). Plaintiffs legal complaint. D. Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
186. Laramore, D. (December 10, 1991). Discovery deposition transcript. D. Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
187. Laramore, D. et al. (1994a) Plaintiffs’ memorandum in opposition to defendants’ motion forsummaryjudgment. D. Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
188. Laramore, D. et al. (1994b). Plaintiffs’ statement of additional facts which require denial of defendants’ motion for summary judgment. D. Laramore et al., plaintiffs, vs. the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, a municipal corporation, the city of Chicago, a municipal corporation, and the Chicago White Sox, Ltd., a limited partnership, defendants. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division, No. 89 C 1067.
189. Lawson, R., & Barton, S. E. (1980). Sex roles in social movements: A case study of the tenant movement in New York City. Signs: A Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 6, 230–247.
190. Leavitt, J. (1993).Women under fire: Public housing activism in Los Angeles. Frontiers, 13(2), 109–130.
191. Leavitt, J., & Saegert, S. (1984, Summer). Women and abandoned buildings: A feminist approach to housing. Social Policy, pp. 32–39.
192. Leavitt, J., & Saegert, S. (1990). From abandonment to hope: The community-household in Harlem. New York: Columbia University Press.
193. Liebow, E. (1967). Tally’s corner: A study of Negro streetcorner men. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
194. Listokin, D. (1990). Federal housing policy and preservation: Historical evolution, patterns, and implications. Housing Policy Debate, 2(2), 157–184.
195. Little, D. (1998, August 23). Chicago Tribune. Sec. 1, p. 1.
196. Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry. In Place attachment. Vol. 12. Human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research (I. Altman & S. M. Low, Eds.) (pp. 1–12). New York: Plenum.
197. Luxton, M. (1980). More than a labour of love: Three generations of women’s work in the home. Toronto:Women’s Press.
198. Lynch, L. R. R. (June 23–July 6, 1988). Public housing hands in the balance. Streetwise, 6 (20), 1–3.
199. Manzo, L. C., & Wolfe, M. (1990). The social production of built forms, environmental settings and person/environment relationships. Paper presented at the International Association of People and Environment Studies, Ankara, Turkey.
200. Martin, A., & McRoberts, P. (December 8, 1998). Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, p. 1, 10.
201. Maton, K. I., & Salem, D. A. (1995). Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 631–656.
202. McAdam, D. (1982). Political process and the development of black insurgency, 1930– 1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
203. McCarron, J. (May 17, 1987). City ‘stadium wars’ rage on 3 fronts, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 4, pp. 1, 5.
204. McCarron, J. (July 26, 1987). Expert offers his dream Sox stadium, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, pp 1–2.
205. McCarron, J. (November 29, 1987). Sox stadium boss gets the job done, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, pp. 1, 9.
206. McCarron J. (March 29, 1989). Subsidies urged in Sox area, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 3.
207. McCarron, J., & Ziemba, S. (December 15, 1987). Comiskey to receive a 2nd look, Chicago Tribune.
208. McCarthy, D., & Saegert, S. (1979). Residential crowding and design. In J. R. Aiello & A. Baum (Eds.), Residential crowding and design (pp. 55–75). New York: Plenum Press.
209. McClain, J. (1979–1980). Why two years? Access, security, and power: Women are still second-class citizens in the housing market. Status of Women News, 6(1), 15.
210. McCourt, K. (1977). Working-class women and grass-roots politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
211. McKernan, J. (1991). Curriculum action research. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
212. McRoberts, F. (June 20, 1997). Housing rally has date with history. Chicago Tribune, Metro Chicago: 1–2.
213. Meehan, E. (1979). Quality of federal policymaking. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
214. Mele, C. (2000). Asserting the political self: Community activism among black women who relocate to the rural south. The Sociological Quarterly, 41(1), 63–84.
215. Metropolitan Planning Council (1986). Tenant management: The challenges and the possibilities. (Report issued by the MPC Task Force on the CHA, May).
216. Metropolitan Planning Council. (1986). Untapped potentials: The capacities, needs and views of Chicago’s highrise public housing residents. (Report issued by MPC, September).
217. Metropolitan Planning Council. (1988). Our homes, our neighborhoods: The case for rehabilitating Chicago’s public housing. (Report issued by the MPC, April).
218. Meyerson, M., and Banfield, E. (1955). Politics, planning and the public interest, Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
219. Mier, R. (July 10, 1987). Memorandum to Mayor Harold Washington: Stadium Authority Board/White Sox Park.
220. Mitchell, C. U., & LaGory, M. (2002). Social capital and mental distress in an impoverished community. City & Community, 1(2), 195–215.
221. Molyneux, M. (1985). Mobilization without emancipation: Women’s interests, the state, and revolution in Nicaragua. Feminist Studies, 11, 227–254.
222. Monti, D. J. (1989). The organizational strengths and weaknesses of residentmanaged public housing sites in the United States. Journal of Urban Affairs, 11(1), 39–52.
223. Moore, Jr., W. (1969). The vertical ghetto: Everyday life in an urban project. New York: Random House.
224. Morgen, S., & Bookman, A. (1988). Rethinkingwomenand politics:Anintroductory essay. In A. Bookman & S. Morgen (Eds.), Women and the Politics of Empowerment (pp. 3–29). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
225. National Council of Negro Women. (June 1975). Women and housing: A report on sex discrimination in five American cities. Commissioned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, U.S. Government Printing Office.
226. Naples, N. A. (1988). Women against poverty: Community workers in anti-poverty programs, 1964–1984. Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York (University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI)
227. Naples, N. A. (1992). Activist mothering: Cross-generational continuity in the community work of women from low-income neighborhoods. Gender & Society, 6(3), 441–463.
228. Naples, N. A. (Ed.). (1998a). Community activism and feminist politics: Organizing across race, class, and gender. New York: Routledge.
229. Naples, N. A. (1998b). Grassroots warriors. New York: Routledge.
230. Nenno, M. K. (1996). Ending the stalemate: Moving housing and urban development into the mainstream of America’s future. Lanham: University Press of America.
231. Norris, M. L. (June 10, 1987), Ald. Huels pledges to help Bridgeport in battle with Sox, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 2, p. 13.
232. North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
233. Newman, O. (1972). Defensible space. New York: MacMillan.
234. O’Brien, P. (1995). From surviving to thriving: The complex experience of living in public housing, AFFILIA, 10(2), 155–178.
235. Ollman, B. (1971). Alienation: Marx’s conception of man in capitalist society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
236. On-Site Insight (1991). Physical needs assessment and modernization cost estimates. Final report on Wentworth Gardens, prepared for the Chicago Housing Authority, February 21.
237. Pardo, M. (1998). Creating community: Mexican-American women in eastside Los Angeles. In N. Naples (Ed.), Community activism and feminist politics: Organizing across race, class, and gender (pp. 275–300). New York: Routledge.
238. Payne, C. M. (1989). Ella Baker and models of social change. Signs: Journal of women in Culture and Society 14(4), 885–899.
239. Payne, C. M. (1990). Men led, but women organized: Movement participation of women in the Mississippi Delta. In V. L. Crawford, J. A. Rouse, & B. Woods (Eds.), Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941–1965 (pp. 1–11). New York: Carlson.
240. Payne, C. M. (1995). I’ve got the light of freedom. Berkeley, University of California Press.
241. Pearce, D. (1978). The feminization of poverty: Women, work, and welfare. Urban and Social Change Review, 11: 28–36.
242. Pearce, D. (1983). The feminization of ghetto poverty. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 21(1).
243. Perkins, D. D. (1995). Speaking truth to power: Empowerment ideology as social intervention and policy. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 765–794.
244. Perkins, D. D., Brown, B. B., & Taylor, R. B. (1996). The ecology of empowerment: Predicting participation in community organizations. Journal of Social Issues, 52(1), 83–110.
245. Petras, E. M., & Porpora, D. V. (August 1992). Role, responsibility and reciprocity: Participatory research with grass roots and community organizations. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association annual meeting. Pittsburgh.
246. Platt, J. (1984). The meanings of case-study method in the inter-war period. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association annual meeting. San Antonio, TX.
247. Perkins, D. D., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 569–580.
248. Peterman, W. (1993). Resident management and other approaches to tenant control of public housing. In R., Allen & S. Hays (Eds.), Ownership, control, and the future of housing policy (pp. 161–175).Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
249. Peterman, W. (1994). Resident Management: A good idea gone wrong? Journal of Housing, May/June, 10–15.
250. Peterman, W. (1998). The meaning of resident empowerment: Why just about everybody thinks it’s a good idea and what it has to do with resident mangement. In Varady, D., Preiser, W. F., Varady, D. P., Preiser, W. E., & Russel, F. P. New directions in urban public housing. (pp. 47–60). Rutgers, NJ: Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research.
251. Peterman, W. (2000). Neighborhood planning and community-based development: The potential and limits of grassroots action. Cities & planning series. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
252. Philpott, T. L. (1978). The slum and the ghetto: Immigrants, blacks, and reformers in Chicago, 1880–1930. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
253. Popkin, S. J., Gwiasda, V. E., Olson, L. M., Rosenbaum, D. P., & Buron, L. (2000). The hidden war: Crime and the tragedy of public housing in Chicago. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
254. Power, A. (1996). Area-based poverty and resident empowerment. Urban Studies, 33(9), 1535–1564.
255. Proshansky, H. M. (1976). The appropriation and misappropriation of space. In P. Korosec-Serfaty (Ed.), Appropriation of Space Proceedings of the Third International Architectural Psychology Conference (pp. 31–69). Strasbourg, France: IAPS.
256. Proshansky, H. M. (1978). The city and self-identity. Environment and Behavior, 10, 147–170.
257. Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3(1), 57–83.
258. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
259. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
260. Pynoss, J. (1986). Breaking the rules: Bureaucracy and reform in public housing. New York: Plenum.
261. Radford-Hill, S. (2000). Further to fly: Black women and the politics of empowerment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
262. Rainwater, L. (1966, January). Fear and the house-as-haven in the lower class. American Institute of Planners Journal, pp. 23–31.
263. Rainwater, L. (1970). Behind the ghetto walls: Black family life in a federal slum. Aldine de Gruyter.
264. Ranney, D. C., Wright, P. A., & Zhang, T. (November 1997). Citizens, local government and development of Chicago’s Near South Side. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Discussion Paper 90.
265. Rapaport, R. N. (1970). Three dielmmas in action research. Human Relations, 23, 499–513.
266. Rappaport, J. (1977). Community psychology: Values, research, and action. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
267. Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(1), 1–26.
268. Rappaport, J. (1986, August). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. An address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
269. Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory of community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148.
270. Reinharz, S. (1984). Women as competent community builders. In A. U. Rickel, M. Gerrard, & I. Iscoe (Eds.), Social and psychological problems of women (pp. 19– 43).Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
271. Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. London: Pion.
272. Reitzes, D. C. & Reitzes, D. C. (1987). The Alinsky legacy: Alive and kicking. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
273. Richards, C. (August 23, 1998). Mayor getting ready to bring CHA home. Chicago Tribune, Metro Chicago: 1–2.
274. Richards, C., & Martin, A. (April 22, 1999). CHA looms as next snarl for Daley. Chicago Tribune, Metro Chicago: 1, 5A.
275. Riger, S. (1984). Vehicles for empowerment: The case of feminist movement organizations. Prevention in Human Services, 3, 99–117.
276. Riger, S. (1993). What’s wrong with empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21(3), 279–292.
277. Riger, S., & Lavrakas, P. J. (1981). Community ties: Patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(1), 55–66.
278. Robnett, B. (1996). African-American women in the civil rights movement, 1954– 1965: Gender, leadership, and micromobilization. American Journal of Sociology, 101, 1661–1693.
279. Robnett, B. (1997). How long? How long? New York: Oxford University Press.
280. Rohe, W. M., & Burby, R. J. (1988). Fear of crime in public housing. Environment and Behavior, 20(6), 700–720.
281. Rodgers-Rose, L. F. (Ed.). (1980). The black woman. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
282. Rossi, P. (1955). Why families move: A study in the social psychology of urban residential mobility. New York: The Free Press.
283. Sacks, K. B. (1988a). Caring by the hour:Women, work, and organizing at Duke Medical Center. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
284. Sacks, K. B. (1988b). Gender and grassroots leadership. In A. Bookman&S. Morgen (Eds.), Women and the politics of empowerment (pp. 77–94). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
285. Sadan, E., & Churchman, A. (1993) Empowerment and professional practice. In R. Feldman, G. Hardie, & D. Saile (Eds.) Power by design. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference of the Environmental Design Research Association, Oklahoma City: EDRA, pp. 196–201.
286. Saegert, S. (1989). Unlikely leaders, extreme circumstances: Older black women building community households. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17(3), 295–316.
287. Saegert, S., & Clark, H. (1989). The meaning of home in low-income cooperative housing in New York City. (Paper published by Housing and Environments Research Group, Center for Human Environments, Environmental Psychology Program, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York.)
288. Saegert, S., & Winkel, G. (1996). Paths to community empowerment: Organizing at home. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24(4), 517–550.
289. Schill, M. H. (1993). Distressed public housing: Where do we go from here? The University of Chicago Law Review, 60, 497–554.
290. Schumaker, S. A., & Taylor, R.B. (1983). Toward a clarification of people–place relationships: A model of attchement to place. In N. R. Feimer, & E. S. Geller (Eds.), Environmental psychology: Directions and perspectives (pp. 219–251). New York: Praeger.
291. Scobie, R. (1975). Problem tenants in public housing: Who, where and why are they. New York: Praeger.
292. Seamon, D. A. (1979). A geography of the lifeworld. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
293. Sebastian, P. (July 27, 1980). “Solid” community around ballpark, Chicago Tribune.
294. Seigel, J. (December 9, 1988). “Commission Oks Sox stadium with a proviso for neighbors, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 3, p. 14.
295. Shanley, M. L., & Schuck, V. (December 1974). In search of political women. Social Science Quarterly, pp. 632–644.
296. Sidel, R. (1992).Women and children last: The plight of poor women in affluent America. New York: Penguin Books.
297. Siefer, N. (1973). Absent from the majority:Working class women in America. New York: National Project on Ethnic America of the American Jewish Committee.
298. Slayton, R. A. (June 1988). Chicago’s public housing crisis: Causes and solutions. Report for the Chicago Urban League.
299. Small, S. A. (November 1995). Action-oriented research: Models and methods. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 941–955.
300. Smith, W. (December 7, 1986), Comiskey neighbors have own game plan, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, pp. 1, 4.
301. Smith, J. L. (1999). Cleaning up public housing by sweeping out the poor. Habitat International, 23(1), 49–62.
302. Spain, D. (1995). Direct and default policies in the transformation of public housing. Journal of Urban Affairs, 17(4), 357–376.
303. Spielman, F. (December 11, 1987), “Mayor stirs Sox stadium issue with housing deal,” Chicago Sun Times, p. 8.
304. Sprague, J. F. (1991). More than housing: Lifeboats for women and children. Boston: Butterworth.
305. Stack, C. (1974). All our kin. New York: Harper Colophon.
306. Stall, S. (1986). Women organizing to create safe shelter. Neighborhood Works 9(8), 10–13; 9(9), 10–12.
307. Stall, S. (1991). “The women are just back of everything… ”: Power and politics revisited in small town America. Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa State University.
308. Stall, S., & Stoecker, R. (1998). Community organizing or organizing community? Gender and the crafts of empowerment. Gender & Society, 12(6), 729–756.
309. Stoecker, R. (1989). On the “Nof 1” question: The need for case study research in sociology. (Paper presented at the Midwest Sociological Society annual meeting, St. Louis.)
310. Stoecker, R. (1992). Who takes out the garbage? Social reproduction an social movement research. In (G. Miller & J. A. Holstein, Eds.), Perspectives on social problems. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
311. Stoecker, R. (1994). Defending community: The struggle for alternative redevelopment in Cedar-Riverside. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
312. Stoecker, R. (1995). Community organizing and community development in Cedar- Riverside and East Toledo. Journal of Community Practice, 2, 1–23.
313. Stoecker, R. (1997). The CDC model of urban redevelopment: A critique and an alternative. Journal of Urban Affairs, 19(1), 1–22.
314. Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (1987). Handbook of environmental psychology. New York: Wiley.
315. Stokols, D., & Schumaker, S. A. (1982). The psychological context of residential mobility and well-being. Journal of Social Issues, 83, 149–171.
316. Strauss, A. (1961). Images of the American city. New York: The Free Press.
317. Sullivan, P. (March 30, 1988). Group out to rescue Comiskey, Chicago Tribune, Sec. 4, p. 3.
318. Susman, G. I., & Evered, R. D. (1978). An assessment of the scientific merits of action research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 582–603.
319. Susser, I. (1982). Norman Street. New York: Oxford University Press.
320. Suttles, G. D. (1968). The social order of the slum: Ethnicity and territory in the inner city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
321. Taylor, R. B., Gottfredson, S. D., & Brower, S. (1985). Attachment to place: Discriminant validity and impact of disorder and diversity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 525–542.
322. The National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise (1989). The grass is greener in public housing: From tenant to resident to homeowner. (A report on resident management of public housing prepared by The National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise, Washington, DC)
323. The NewYork Times (June 2, 1991). “Public housing tenants organizing for self-help.”
324. The New York Times (July 5, 2002). Facing up to the housing crisis (editorial). Sec. A, p. 20.
325. Tilly, L. A., & Scott, J.W. (1978).Women, work, and family. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
326. Troester, R. R. (1984). Turbulence and tenderness: Mothers, daughters, and “othermothers” in Paule Marshall’s “Brown Girl,” “Brownstones,” Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 1(2), 13–16.
327. Tuan, Y. (1977). Space and place: The perspective of experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
328. Tuan, Y. (1980). Rootedness versus sense of place. Landscape, 24, 3–7.
329. Turner, J. F. C. (1977). Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments. New York: Pantheon Books.
330. Turner, J. F. C., & Fichter, R. (Eds.). (1972). Freedom to build. New York: Macmillan.
331. Van Ryzin, G. G. (1996). The impact of resident management on residents’ satisfaction with public housing: A process analysis of quaisi-experimental data. Evaluation Review, 20(4), 485–506.
332. Vale, L. J. (1996). Destigmatizing public housing. In Crow, D. (Ed.), Geography and identity: Living and exploring the geopolitics of identity. Washington, DC: Maisonneuve Press.
333. Vale, L. J. (1997). Empathological places: Residents’ ambivalence toward remaining in public housing. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 16(3), 159–175.
334. Vale, L. J. (2000). From the Puritans to the projects: Public housing and public neighbors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
335. Varady, D. P., Preiser, W. E., & Russel, F. P. (1998). New directions in urban public housing (pp. 47–60). Rutgers, NJ: Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research.
336. Venkatesh, S. A. (2000). American project: The rise and fall of a modern ghetto. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
337. von Hoffman, A. (1996). High ambitious: The past and future of Amerian lowincome housing policy. Housing Policy Debate, 7(3), 423–446.
338. von Hoffman, A. (1998). The curse of durability: Why housing for the poor was built to last. Journal of Housing and Community Development, 55(5), 34–38.
339. Wacquant, L. J. A., & Wilson, W. J. (1989). The cost of racial and class exclusion in the inner city. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 501, 32–39.
340. Warner, W. L., Low, J. O., Lunt, P. S., & Stole, L. (1963). Yankee City. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
341. Warren, R. L. (1972). The community in America. Chicago: Rand McNally.
342. Warren, M. R., Thompson, J. P., & Saegert, S. (2001). The role of social capital in combating poverty. In Saegert, S., Thompson, J. P., & Warren, M. R. (Eds.), Social capital and poor communities (pp. 1–28). (Ford Foundation series on asset building.) New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
343. Washburn, G., & Garza, M. (1999, May 28). Chicago Tribune, Sec. 1, p. 1.
344. Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization. A. Henderson & T. Parsons (Trans.). New York: The Free Press.
345. Weisman, L. K. (1992). Discrimination by design: A feminist critique of the man-made environment. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
346. Wekerle, G. R. (1980). Women in the urban environment. Signs: A Journal ofWomen in Culture and Society (Special Issue Supplement, Women and the American City), 5(3), 188–214.
347. Wekerle, G. R. (1996). Reframing urban sustainability: Women’s movement organizing and the local state. In R. Keil, G. R. Wekerle, & D. V. J. Bell (Eds.), Local places in the age of the global city (pp. 137–145). Montreal: Black Rose Press.
348. Werner, K. (Ed.). (1992). Group appropriation of space. Architecture and Behavior, 8(1), 1–79.
349. West, G., & Blumberg, R. L. (Eds.). (1990). Women and social protest. New York: Oxford University Press.
350. Westphal, L. M. (1999). Growing power? Social benefits from urban greening projects. Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago.
351. Williams, T. M., & Kornblum, W. (1994). The uptown kids: Struggle and hope in the projects. New York: Putnam.
352. Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
353. Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
354. Wittig, M. A. (1996). An introduction to social psychological perspectives on grassroots organizing. Journal of Social Issues, 52(1), 3–14.
355. Wolfe, M. (1990, July). Whose culture? Whose space? Whose history? Learning from Lesbian bars. Keynote address at the 11th Conference of the International Association for the Study of People and Their Surroundings (IAPS), Ankara, Turkey.
356. Woliver, L. R. (1996). Mobilizing and sustaining grassroots dissent. Journal of Social Issues, 52 (1), 139–143.
357. Wright, G. (1981). Building the dream: A social history of housing in America. New York: Pantheon.
358. Wright, G., & Rabinow, P. (1982, March). Spatialization of power: Discussion of the work of Michel Foucault. Skyline, pp. 14–15.
359. Wright, P. (1988). The South Armour Square strategy plan. Report for the Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago.
360. Wright, P., Zalalem, Y., deGraaf, J., & Roman, L. (1997, May). The plan to voucher out public housing: An analysis of the Chicago experience and a case study of the proposal to redevelop the Cabrini-Green public housing area. Publication # V-155. Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement, University of Illinois, Chicago.
361. Zhang, T.W., & Wright, P. (1992). The impact of the construction of the new Comiskey Park on local residents. Report for the Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago.
362. Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581–600.