A new macrovertebrate assemblage from the late cretaceous (campanian) of Southern Utah

At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 599-620

  Sampson, Scott D ^a   Loewen, Mark A ^b,c   Roberts, Eric M ^d   Getty, Michael A ^a  

^a DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE AND SCIENCE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924556866     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (104)

1. Archibald, J. D. 1996. Dinosaur Extinction and the End of an Era. Columbia University Press, New York.
2. Averianov, A., and J. D. Archibald. 2003. Mammals from the Upper Cretaceous Aitym Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. Cretaceous Research 24:171–191.
3. Barrera, E., and S. M. Savin. 1999. Evolution of late Campanian-Maastrichtian marine climates and oceans; pp. 245–282 in E. Barrera, and C. C. Johnson (eds.), Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geologic Society of America Special Paper 332.
4. Barrett, P. M. 2005. The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria). Palaeontology 48:347–358.
5. Bell, P. R., and E. Snively. 2008. Polar dinosaurs on parade: a review of dinosaur migration. Alcheringa 32:271–284.
6. Blakey, R. C. 2009. Regional paleogeography. Northern Arizona University. Images and supporting materials available at http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/rcb7/regionaltext.html. Accessed January 2011.
7. Brinkman, D. B. 2005. Turtles: diversity, paleoecology, and distribution; pp. 202–220 in P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus (eds.), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
8. Brown, J. H., and B. A. Maurer. 1989. Macroecology: the division of food and space among species on continents. Science 243:1145–1150.
9. Brown J. H., P. A. Marquet, and M. L. Taper. 1993. Evolution of body size: consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. American Naturalist 142:573–584.
10. Burness G. P., J. Diamond, and T. Flannery. 2001. Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarves: the evolution of maximal body size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98:14518–14523.
11. Carr, T., T. E. Williamson, B. B. Britt, and K. Stadtman. 2011. Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosauroid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Naturwissenschaften 98:241–246.
12. Catuneanu, O., A. R. Sweet, and A. D. Miall. 2000. Reciprocal stratigraphy of the Campanian- Paleocene Western Interior of North America. Sedimentary Geology 134:235–255.
13. Cifelli, R. L. 1990a. Cretaceous mammals of southern Utah. I. Marsupial mammals from the Kaiparowits Formation (Judithian). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:295–319.
14. Cifelli, R. L. 1990b. Cretaceous mammals of southern Utah. II. Marsupials and marsupial-like mammals from the Wahweap Formation (early Campanian). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:320–331.
15. Cifelli, R. L. 1990c. Cretaceous mammals of southern Utah. III. Therian mammals from the Turonian (early Late Cretaceous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:332–345.
16. Cifelli, R. L. 1990d. Cretaceous mammals of southern Utah. IV. Eutherian mammals from the Wahweap (Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Judithian) formations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:346–360.
17. Cifelli, R. L., J. I. Kirkland, A. Weil, A. L. Deino, and B. J. Kowallis. 1997. High-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and the advent of North America’s Late Cretaceous terrestrial fauna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94:11163–11167.
18. Chiappe, L. M. 2004. The closest relatives of birds. Ornitologia Neotropical 15 (Supplement):1–16.
19. Chiappe, L. M., and G. J. Dyke. 2006. The early evolution of birds. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 22:133–151.
20. Currie, P. J. 2005. Theropods, including birds; pp. 367–397 in P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus (eds.), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
21. Currie, P. J., and E. B. Koppelhus (eds.). 2005. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
22. DeCourten, F. L., and D. A. Russell. 1985. A specimen of Ornithomimus velox (Theropoda, Ornithomimidae) from the terminal Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 59:1091–1099.
23. D’Emic, M. D., J. A. Wilson, and R. Thompson. 2010. The end of the sauropod hiatus in North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297:486–490.
24. Eaton, J. G. 1991. Biostratigraphic framework for Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah; pp. 47–63 in J. D. Nations and J. G. Eaton (eds.), Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Sedimentary Tectonics of the Western Margin, Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. Geological Society of America Special Paper 260.
25. Eaton, J. G. 1999a. Vertebrate paleontology of the Paunsaugunt Plateau, Upper Cretaceous, southwestern Utah; pp. 335–338 in D. D. Gillette (ed.), Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99–1.
26. Eaton, J. G. 1999b. Vertebrate paleontology of the Iron Springs Formation, Upper Cretaceous, southwestern Utah; pp. 339–343 in D. D. Gillette (ed.), Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99–1.
27. Eaton, J. G. 2002. Multituberculate Mammals from the Wahweap (Campanian, Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Campanian, Judithian) Formations, Within and Near the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Southern Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 02–4.
28. Eaton, J. G., and R. L Cifelli. 1988. Preliminary report on Late Cretaceous mammals of the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 26:45–56.
29. Eaton, J. G., and J. D. Nations. 1991. Introduction; tectonic setting along the margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, southwestern Utah and northern Arizona; pp. 1–8 in J. D. Nations and J. G. Eaton (eds.), Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments, and Sedimentary Tectonics of the Western Margin, Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. Geological Society of America Special Paper 260.
30. Eaton, J. G., R. L. Cifelli, J. H. Hutchison, J. I. Kirkland, and J. M. Parrish. 1999. Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau, south central Utah; pp. 345–353 in D. D. Gillette (ed.), Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99–1.
31. Fancy, S. G., L. F. Pank, K. R. Whitten, and W. L. Reglin. 1989. Seasonal movements of caribou in arctic Alaska as determined by satellite. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:644–650
32. Farlow, J. O., P. Dodson, and A. Chinsamy. 1995. Dinosaur biology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26:445–471.
33. Gates, T. 2004. Hadrosaurian dinosaur diversity from the Upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:63A.
34. Gates, T. A., and S. D. Sampson. 2007. A new species of Gryposaurus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151:351–376.
35. Gates, T. A., J. R. Horner, R. R. Hanna, and C. R. Nelson. 2011. New unadorned hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:798–811.
36. Gates, T. A., A. Prieto-Marquez, L. E. Zanno. 2012. Mountain building triggered Late Cretaceous North American megaherbivore dinosaur radiation. PLoS One 7(8):e42135.
37. Gates, T. A., S. D. Sampson, L. E. Zanno, E. M. Roberts, J. G. Eaton, R. L. Nydam, J. H. Hutchison, J. A. Smith, M. A. Loewen, and M. A. Getty. 2010. Biogeography of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Western Interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 291:371–387.
38. Getty, M. A., M. A. Loewen, and E. M. Roberts. 2006. Collection and use of taphonomic data from vertebrate localities: lessons from six years of paleontological inventory and excavation in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26:67A.
39. Getty, M. A., M. A. Loewen, E. M. Roberts, A. L. Titus, and S. D. Sampson. 2010. Taphonomy of horned dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah; pp. 478–494 in M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
40. Getty, M. A., E. M. Roberts, M. A. Loewen, J. A. Smith, T. A. Gates, and S. D. Sampson. 2003. Taphonomy of a chasmosaurine ceratopsian skeleton from the Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:54A-55A.
41. Gillette, D. D., and M. C. Hayden. 1997. A Preliminary Assessment of Paleontological Resources within the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Utah Geological Survey Circular C-96.
42. Gregory, H. E., and R. C. Moore. 1931. The Kaiparowits Region: Geographic and Geologic Reconnaissance of Parts of Utah and Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 164.
43. Haq, B. U., J. Hardenbol, and P. R. Vail. 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235:1156–1167.
44. Hicks, J. F., J. D. Obradovich, and L. Tauxe. 1999. Magnetostratigraphy, isotopic age calibration and intercontinental correlation of the Red Bird section of the Pierre Shale, Niobrara County, Wyoming, U.S.A. Cretaceous Research 20:1–27.
45. Holtz, T. R., Jr. 1988. Denticle morphometrics and a possible omnivorous feeding habit for the theropod dinosaur Troodon. In B. P Perez-Moreno, T. R. Holtz Jr., J. L. Sanz, and J. J. Moratalla (eds.), Aspects of Theropod Paleobiology. Gaia 15:159–166.
46. Hutchison, J. H. 1993. Avisaurus; a “dinosaur” grows wings. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:43A.
47. Hutchison, J. H. J. G. Eaton, P. A. Holroyd, and M. B. Goodwin. 1997. Larger vertebrates of the Kaiparowits Formation (Campanian) in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument and adjacent areas; pp. 391–398 in L. M. Hill (ed.), Learning from the Land: Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
48. Ji, Q., P. J. Currie, M. A. Norell, and S.-A. Ji. 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393:753–761.
49. Jinnah, Z. A., and E. M. Roberts. 2011. Facies associations, paleoenvironment, and base-level changes in the upper cretaceous Wahweap Formation, Utah, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 81:266–283.
50. Jinnah, Z. A., E. M. Roberts, A. L. Deino, J. S. Larsen, P. K. Link, and C. M. Fanning. 2009. New 40Ar-39Ar and detrital zircon U-Pb ages for the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap and Kaiparowits formations on the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah: implications for regional correlation, provenance, and biostratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 30:287–299.
51. Kauffman, E. G. 1977. Geological and biological overview: Western Interior Cretaceous Basin. Mountain Geologist 14:75–99.
52. Kirkland, J. I., and D. D. DeBlieux. 2005. Dinosaur remains from the Lower to Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation at Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25:78A.
53. Kirkland, J. I., and D. D. DeBlieux. 2010. New centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (middle Campanian), Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah; pp. 117–140 in M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
54. Kirkland, J. I., D. D. DeBlieux, J. A. Smith, and S. D. Sampson. 2002. New ceratopsid remains from the lower Campanian Wahweap Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:74A.
55. Knell, M. J., F. D. Jackson, A. L. Titus, and L. B. Albright III. 2010. A gravid fossil turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah. Historical Biology 23:57–62.
56. Lehman, T. M. 1987. Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 60:189–217.
57. Lehman, T. M. 1997. Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America; pp. 223–240 in D. L. Wolberg, E. Stump, and G. D. Rosenberg (eds.), Dinofest International Symposium. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
58. Lehman, T. M. 2001. Late Cretaceous dinosaur provinciality; pp. 310–328 in D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
59. Loewen, M. A., J. W. Sertich, R. B. Irmis, and S. D. Sampson. 2010. Tyrannosaurid evolution and intracontinental endemism in Laramidia: new evidence from the Campanian Wahweap Formation of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30:123A.
60. Longrich, N. R., and P. J. Currie. 2008. Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: implications for the systematics and ecology of Alvarezsauridae. Cretaceous Research 30:239–252.
61. Longrich, N. R., and P. J. Currie 2009. A microraptorine (Dinosauria-Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:5002–5007.
62. Lund, E. K., M. A. Loewen, E. M. Roberts, S. D. Sampson, and M. A. Getty. 2009. Dinosaur skin impressions in the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Kaiparowits Formation, Southern Utah: insights into preservation mode. Advances in Western Interior Late Cretaceous Paleontology and Geology, St. George, Utah, Abstracts with Program, p. 32. Bureau of Land Management.
63. Marquet, P. A., and M. L. Taper. 1998. On size and area: patterns of mammalian body size extremes across landmasses. Evolutionary Ecology 12:127–139.
64. McNab, B. K. 2009. Resources and energetics determined dinosaur maximal size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:12184–12188.
65. Neabore, S., M. A. Loewen, L. E. Zanno, M. A. Getty, and L. Claessens. 2007. Threedimensional scanning and analysis of the first diagnostic ornithomimid forelimb material from the Late Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27:123A.
66. Parrish, J. M., and J. G. Eaton. 1991. Diversity and evolution of dinosaurs in the Cretaceous of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11:50A.
67. Pereda-Suberbiola, X. 2009. Biogeographical affinities of Late Cretaceous continental tetrapods of Europe: a review. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180:57–71.
68. PLATES. 2009. The PLATES Project; L. Lawver, I. Dalziel (principal investigators), and L. Gahagan (database and software manager). University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Austin, Texas.
69. Pollock, S. L. 1999. Provenance, geometry, lithofacies, and age of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation, Cordilleran Foreland Basin, southern Utah. M.Sc. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
70. Prieto-Marquez, A., and G. Salinas. 2010. A re-evaluation of Secernosaurus koerneri and Kritosaurus australis (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30:813–837.
71. Roberts, E. M. 2005a. Taphonomy of wet alluvial systems: a case example from the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25:105A.
72. Roberts, E. M. 2005b. Stratigraphic, taphonomic and paleoenvironmental analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Southern Utah. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
73. Roberts, E. M. 2007. Facies architecture and depositional environments of the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah. Sedimentary Geology 197:207–233.
74. Roberts, E. M., and L. Tapanila. 2006. A new social insect nest trace from the Late Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. Journal of Paleontology 80:768–774.
75. Roberts, E. M., A. D. Deino, and M. A. Chan. 2005. 40Ar/39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of coeval strata and faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin. Cretaceous Research 26:307–318.
76. Roberts, E. M., R. R. Rogers, and B. Z. Foreman. 2007. Continental insect borings in dinosaur bone: examples from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and Utah. Journal of Paleontology 81:201–208.
77. Roberts, E. M., L. Tapanila, and B. Mijal. 2008. Taphonomy and sedimentology of stormgenerated continental shell beds: a case example from the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin. Journal of Geology 116:462–479.
78. Rogers, R. R. 1998. Sequence analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River formations, Montana: nonmarine response to the Claggett and Bearpaw marine cycles. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:615–631.
79. Russell, D. A. 1967. A census of dinosaur specimens collected in western Canada. National Museum of Canada Natural History Papers 36:1–13.
80. Russell, D. A. 1993. The role of central Asia in dinosaurian biogeography. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30:2002–2012.
81. Russell, D. A. 1995. China and the lost worlds of the dinosaur era. Historical Biology 10:3–12.
82. Ryan, M. J. 2007. A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation, southeastern Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 81:376–396.
83. Ryan, M. J., and D. C. Evans. 2005. Ornithischian dinosaurs; pp. 312–348 in P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus (eds.), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
84. Sampson, S. D. 2009. Dinosaur Odyssey: Fossil Threads in the Web of Life. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
85. Sampson, S. D., and M. A. Loewen. 2010. Unraveling a radiation: a review of the diversity, stratigraphic distribution, biogeography, and evolution of horned dinosaurs. (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae); pp. 405–427 in M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
86. Sampson, S. D., M. A. Loewen, E. M. Roberts, J. A. Smith, L. E. Zanno, and T. A. Gates. 2004. Provincialism in Late Cretaceous terrestrial faunas: new evidence from the Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:108A.
87. Sampson, S. D., M. A. Loewen, T. A. Gates, M. A. Getty, and L. E. Zanno. 2002. New evidence of dinosaurs and other vertebrates from the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap and Kaiparowits Formations, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section Meeting Abstracts with Progam.
88. Sampson, S. D., M. A. Loewen, A. A. Farke, E. M. Roberts, C. A. Forster, J. A. Smith, and A. L. Titus. 2010. New horned dinosaurs from Utah provide evidence for intracontinental dinosaur endemism. PLoS One 5(9):e12292.
89. Sampson, S. D., T. A. Gates, E. M. Roberts, M. A. Getty, L. E. Zanno, M. A. Loewen, J. A. Smith, E. K. Lund, J. Sertich, and A. L. Titus. 2010. Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: a new and critical window into the world of dinosaurs; pp. 161–179 in M. Eaton (ed.), Learning from the Land, Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings. Grand Staircase- Escalante Partners.
90. Scotese, C. R. 2001. Atlas of Earth History. Volume 1, Paleogeography. Paleomap Project, Arlington, Virginia.
91. Sereno, P. C. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research 2:234–256.
92. Sloan, R. E. 1969. Cretaceous and Paleocene terrestrial communities of western North America. North America Paleontological Convention, Chicago, Proceedings E:427-E453.
93. Smith, J. A., M. A. Getty, T. A. Gates, E. M. Roberts, and S. D. Sampson. 2003. Fossil vertebrates from the Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: an important window into the Late Cretaceous of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:98A.
94. Sullivan, R. M. 2003. Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:181–207.
95. Sullivan, R. M., and S. G. Lucas. 2006. The Kirtlandian Land-Vertebrate “Age” - faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America; pp. 7–29 in S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35.
96. Titus, A. L., J. D. Powell, E. M. Roberts, S. D. Sampson, S. L. Pollock, J. I. Kirkland, and L. B. Albright. 2005. Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, depositional environments, and macrovertebrate paleontology of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah; pp. 101–128 in J. Pederson and C. M. Dehler (eds.), Interior Western United States. Geological Society of America Field Guide 6.
97. Vandermark, D., J. A. Tarduno, D. B. Brinkman, R. D. Cottrell, and S. Mason. 2009. New Late Cretaceous macrobaenid turtle with Asian affinities from the High Canadian Arctic: dispersal via ice-free polar routes. Geology 37:183–186.
98. Vavrek, M. J., and H. C. E. Larsson. 2010. Low beta diversity of Maastrichtian dinosaurs of North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:8265–8268.
99. Wiersma, J., J. H. Hutchison, and T. A. Gates. 2004. Crocodilian diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation (Upper Campanian), Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:129A.
100. Wu, X.-C. 2005. Crocodylians; pp. 277–291 in P. J. Currie, and E. B. Koppelhus (eds.), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
101. Xu, X., Y.-N. Cheng, X.-L. Wang, and C.-H. Chang. 2002. An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China. Nature 419:291–293.
102. Zanno, L. E., and S. D. Sampson. 2005. A new oviraptorosaur (Theropoda: Maniraptora) from the late Campanian of Utah and the status of the North American Oviraptorosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25:897–904.
103. Zanno, L. E., D. D. Gillette, L. B. Albright, and A. L. Titus. 2009. A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in “predatory” dinosaur evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276:3505–3511.
104. Zanno L. E., D. J. Varricchio, P. M. O’Connor, A. L. Titus, and M. J. Knell. 2011. A new troodontid theropod, Talossampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America. PLoS One 6(9):e24487.