메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 52-60

Ethical Criteria for Human Trials of Stem-Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease

Author keywords

ethics; Parkinson's disease; stem cells

Indexed keywords


EID: 84924284564     PISSN: 21507740     EISSN: 21507759     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2014.990544     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 52449090857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethics of phase 0 oncology trials
    • Abdoler, E., H. Taylor, and D. Wendler. 2008. The ethics of phase 0 oncology trials. Clinical Cancer Research 14(12): 3692–3697. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0876
    • (2008) Clinical Cancer Research , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 3692-3697
    • Abdoler, E.1    Taylor, H.2    Wendler, D.3
  • 2
    • 0041920900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics of Phase 1 oncology studies: Reexamining the arguments and data
    • Agrawal, M., and E. J. Emanuel. 2003. Ethics of Phase 1 oncology studies: Reexamining the arguments and data. Journal of the American Medical Association 290(8): 1075–1082. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.8.1075
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.290 , Issue.8 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Agrawal, M.1    Emanuel, E.J.2
  • 3
    • 0036791596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sham surgery controls: Intracerebral grafting of fetal tissue for Parkinson's disease and proposed criteria for use of sham surgery controls
    • Albin, R. L. 2002. Sham surgery controls: Intracerebral grafting of fetal tissue for Parkinson's disease and proposed criteria for use of sham surgery controls. Journal of Medical Ethics 28(5): 322–325. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.28.5.322
    • (2002) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 322-325
    • Albin, R.L.1
  • 4
    • 15044345639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sham surgery controls are mitigated trolleys
    • Albin, R. L. 2005. Sham surgery controls are mitigated trolleys. Journal of Medical Ethics 31(3): 149–152. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2003.006155
    • (2005) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-152
    • Albin, R.L.1
  • 5
    • 79960799815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label surgical trials for Parkinson disease: Time for reconsideration
    • Alterman, R. L., M. Tagliati, and C. W. Olanow. 2011. Open-label surgical trials for Parkinson disease: Time for reconsideration. Annals of Neurology 70(1): 5–8. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.22453
    • (2011) Annals of Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-8
    • Alterman, R.L.1    Tagliati, M.2    Olanow, C.W.3
  • 6
    • 2342464377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic misconception in clinical research: Frequency and risk factors
    • Appelbaum, P. S., C. W. Lidz, and T. Grisso. 2004. Therapeutic misconception in clinical research: Frequency and risk factors. IRB 26(2): 1–8
    • (2004) IRB , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-8
    • Appelbaum, P.S.1    Lidz, C.W.2    Grisso, T.3
  • 7
    • 79955699569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target populations for first-in-human embryonic stem cell research in spinal cord injury
    • Bretzner, F., F. Gilbert, F. Baylis, and R. M. Brownstone. 2011. Target populations for first-in-human embryonic stem cell research in spinal cord injury. Cell Stem Cell 8(5): 468–475. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.04.012
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 468-475
    • Bretzner, F.1    Gilbert, F.2    Baylis, F.3    Brownstone, R.M.4
  • 8
    • 0033934144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease
    • Brundin, P., O. Pogarell, P. Hagell, et al. 2000. Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease. Brain 123(Pt 7): 1380–1390.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1380-1390
    • Brundin, P.1    Pogarell, O.2    Hagell, P.3
  • 10
    • 42149152075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: A source of multipotent cells in the injured brain
    • Buffo, A., I. Rite, P. Tripathi, et al. 2008. Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: A source of multipotent cells in the injured brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(9): 3581–3586. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709002105
    • (2008) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.105 , Issue.9 , pp. 3581-3586
    • Buffo, A.1    Rite, I.2    Tripathi, P.3
  • 11
    • 10744219751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation in Parkinson's disease: PET changes correlate with the amount of grafted tissue
    • Cochen, V., M. J. Ribeiro, J. P. Nguyen, et al. 2003. Transplantation in Parkinson's disease: PET changes correlate with the amount of grafted tissue. Movement Disorders 18(8): 928–932. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.10463
    • (2003) Movement Disorders , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 928-932
    • Cochen, V.1    Ribeiro, M.J.2    Nguyen, J.P.3
  • 12
    • 34250752739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in clinical neuroscience research: A patient's perspective
    • Cohen, P. D., L. Herman, S. Jedlinski, P. Willocks, and P. Wittekind. 2007. Ethical issues in clinical neuroscience research: A patient's perspective. Neurotherapeutics 4(3): 537–544. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurt.2007.04.008
    • (2007) Neurotherapeutics , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 537-544
    • Cohen, P.D.1    Herman, L.2    Jedlinski, S.3    Willocks, P.4    Wittekind, P.5
  • 13
    • 84869112627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sham neurosurgical procedures: The patients' perspective
    • Cohen, P. D., T. Isaacs, P. Willocks, et al. 2012. Sham neurosurgical procedures: The patients' perspective. Lancet Neurology 11(12): 1022. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70277-6
    • (2012) Lancet Neurology , vol.11 , Issue.12 , pp. 1022
    • Cohen, P.D.1    Isaacs, T.2    Willocks, P.3
  • 15
    • 0024584580 scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a multicomponent process to obtain informed consent in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • DCCT Research Group. 1989. Implementation of a multicomponent process to obtain informed consent in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Controlled Clinical Trials 10(1): 83–96. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(89)90020-2
    • (1989) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-96
  • 16
    • 40649123598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond informed consent: The therapeutic misconception and trust
    • de Melo-Martin, I., and A. Ho. 2008. Beyond informed consent: The therapeutic misconception and trust. Journal of Medical Ethics 34(3): 202–205.
    • (2008) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-205
    • de Melo-Martin, I.1    Ho, A.2
  • 17
    • 33846572874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030
    • Dorsey, E. R., R. Constantinescu, J. P. Thompson, et al. 2007. Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030. Neurology 68(5): 384–386. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000247740.47667.03
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 384-386
    • Dorsey, E.R.1    Constantinescu, R.2    Thompson, J.P.3
  • 18
  • 19
    • 84924317748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethics of research on pain and other symptoms
    • Van Norman G., Palmer S., Jackson S., Rosenbaum, S., Cahana A., (eds), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Escher, M., and S. A. Hurst. 2011. The ethics of research on pain and other symptoms. In Clinical ethics in anesthesiology, ed. G. Van Norman, S. Palmer, S. Jackson, S. Rosenbaum, and A. Cahana, 1993–1998. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2011) Clinical ethics in anesthesiology
    • Escher, M.1    Hurst, S.A.2
  • 20
    • 0033180342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glial scar and central nervous system repair
    • Fawcett, J. W., and R. A. Asher. 1999. The glial scar and central nervous system repair. Brain Research Bulletin 49(6): 377–391. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00072-6
    • (1999) Brain Research Bulletin , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 377-391
    • Fawcett, J.W.1    Asher, R.A.2
  • 21
    • 26444572331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the risk of sham surgery in Parkinson disease clinical trials? A review of published reports
    • Frank, S., K. Kieburtz, R. Holloway, and S. Y. Kim. 2005. What is the risk of sham surgery in Parkinson disease clinical trials? A review of published reports. Neurology 65(7): 1101–1103. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000171957.90640.b5
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.7 , pp. 1101-1103
    • Frank, S.1    Kieburtz, K.2    Holloway, R.3    Kim, S.Y.4
  • 22
    • 0142093660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do patients with Parkinson's disease benefit from embryonic dopamine cell transplantation?
    • Freed, C. R., M. A. Leehey, M. Zawada, et al. 2003. Do patients with Parkinson's disease benefit from embryonic dopamine cell transplantation? Journal of Neurology 250(Suppl 3): III44–46.
    • (2003) Journal of Neurology , vol.250 , pp. 44-46
    • Freed, C.R.1    Leehey, M.A.2    Zawada, M.3
  • 23
    • 0035826089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease
    • Freed, C. R., P. E. Greene, R. E. Breeze, et al. 2001. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 344(10): 710–719. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200103083441002
    • (2001) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.344 , Issue.10 , pp. 710-719
    • Freed, C.R.1    Greene, P.E.2    Breeze, R.E.3
  • 24
    • 84862311445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sham neurosurgical procedures in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases: Scientific and ethical considerations
    • Galpern, W. R., J. Corrigan-Curay, A. E. Lang, et al. 2012. Sham neurosurgical procedures in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases: Scientific and ethical considerations. Lancet Neurology 11(7): 643–650. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70064-9
    • (2012) Lancet Neurology , vol.11 , Issue.7 , pp. 643-650
    • Galpern, W.R.1    Corrigan-Curay, J.2    Lang, A.E.3
  • 25
    • 66149111304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why the brain talks to itself: Sources of error in emotional prediction
    • Gilbert, D. T., and T. D. Wilson. 2009. Why the brain talks to itself: Sources of error in emotional prediction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1521): 1335–1341. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0305
    • (2009) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.364 , Issue.1521 , pp. 1335-1341
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 26
    • 44449093495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo response in Parkinson's disease: Comparisons among 11 trials covering medical and surgical interventions
    • Goetz, C. G., J. Wuu, M. P. McDermott, et al. 2008. Placebo response in Parkinson's disease: Comparisons among 11 trials covering medical and surgical interventions. Movement Disorders 23(5): 690–699. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21894
    • (2008) Movement Disorders , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 690-699
    • Goetz, C.G.1    Wuu, J.2    McDermott, M.P.3
  • 27
    • 0034921374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell survival and clinical outcome following intrastriatal transplantation in Parkinson disease
    • Hagell, P., and P. Brundin. 2001. Cell survival and clinical outcome following intrastriatal transplantation in Parkinson disease. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 60(8): 741–52.
    • (2001) Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 741-752
    • Hagell, P.1    Brundin, P.2
  • 28
    • 0032692348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson's disease: Effects of the second graft
    • Hagell, P., A. Schrag, P. Piccini, et al. 1999. Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson's disease: Effects of the second graft. Brain 122(part 6): 1121–1132.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 1121-1132
    • Hagell, P.1    Schrag, A.2    Piccini, P.3
  • 29
    • 1942519530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of transplanted fetal porcine ventral mesencephalic cells vs. imitation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Hauser, R. A., R. L. Watts, T. B. Freeman et al. 2001. A double-blind randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of transplanted fetal porcine ventral mesencephalic cells vs. imitation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 16: 983–984.
    • (2001) Movement Disorders , vol.16 , pp. 983-984
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Watts, R.L.2    Freeman, T.B.3
  • 30
    • 0033053030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term evaluation of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson disease
    • Hauser, R. A., T. B. Freeman, B. J. Snow, et al. 1999. Long-term evaluation of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology 56(2): 179–187. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.2.179
    • (1999) Archives of Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-187
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Freeman, T.B.2    Snow, B.J.3
  • 31
    • 36849069884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials and medical care: Defining the therapeutic misconception
    • Henderson, G. E., L. R. Churchill, A. M. Davis, et al. 2007. Clinical trials and medical care: Defining the therapeutic misconception. PLoS Medicine 4(11): e324. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040324
    • (2007) PLoS Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 324
    • Henderson, G.E.1    Churchill, L.R.2    Davis, A.M.3
  • 32
    • 0037063111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is placebo surgery unethical?
    • Horng, S., and F. G. Miller. 2002. Is placebo surgery unethical? New England Journal of Medicine 347(2): 137–139. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb021025
    • (2002) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.347 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-139
    • Horng, S.1    Miller, F.G.2
  • 33
    • 0037352237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical framework for the use of sham procedures in clinical trials
    • Horng, S., and F. G. Miller. 2003. Ethical framework for the use of sham procedures in clinical trials. Critical Care Medicine 31(3 suppl.): S126–S130. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000054906.49187.67
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 126-130
    • Horng, S.1    Miller, F.G.2
  • 34
    • 84883498757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed consent forms in oncology research: Linguistic tools identify recurrent pitfalls
    • Ilic, N., A. Auchlin, A. Hadengue, A. Wenger, and S. A. Hurst. 2013. Informed consent forms in oncology research: Linguistic tools identify recurrent pitfalls. AJOB Empirical Bioethics 4(4): 39–54.
    • (2013) AJOB Empirical Bioethics , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 39-54
    • Ilic, N.1    Auchlin, A.2    Hadengue, A.3    Wenger, A.4    Hurst, S.A.5
  • 35
    • 33745625355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion
    • Kahneman, D., A. B. Krueger, D. Schkade, N. Schwarz, and A. A. Stone. 2006. Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science 312(5782): 1908–1910. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1129688
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , Issue.5782 , pp. 1908-1910
    • Kahneman, D.1    Krueger, A.B.2    Schkade, D.3    Schwarz, N.4    Stone, A.A.5
  • 36
    • 80051691847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental therapies for Parkinson's disease: Why fake it?
    • Katsnelson, A. 2011. Experimental therapies for Parkinson's disease: Why fake it? Nature 476(7359): 142–144. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/476142a
    • (2011) Nature , vol.476 , Issue.7359 , pp. 142-144
    • Katsnelson, A.1
  • 37
    • 25144497439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and ethics of sham surgery: A survey of Parkinson disease clinical researchers
    • Kim, S. Y., S. Frank, R. Holloway, et al. 2005. Science and ethics of sham surgery: A survey of Parkinson disease clinical researchers. Archives of Neurology 62(9): 1357–1360. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.62.9.1357
    • (2005) Archives of Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.9 , pp. 1357-1360
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Frank, S.2    Holloway, R.3
  • 38
    • 70449135147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Launching invasive, first-in-human trials against Parkinson's disease: Ethical considerations
    • Kimmelman, J., A. J. London, B. Ravina, et al. 2009. Launching invasive, first-in-human trials against Parkinson's disease: Ethical considerations. Movement Disorders 24(13): 1893–1901. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22712
    • (2009) Movement Disorders , vol.24 , Issue.13 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Kimmelman, J.1    London, A.J.2    Ravina, B.3
  • 39
    • 43249114934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease
    • Kordower, J. H., Y. Chu, R. A. Hauser, T. B. Freeman, and C. W. Olanow. 2008. Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease. Nature Medicine 14(5): 504–506. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1747
    • (2008) Nature Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 504-506
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Chu, Y.2    Hauser, R.A.3    Freeman, T.B.4    Olanow, C.W.5
  • 40
    • 43249110200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation
    • Li, J. Y., E. Englund, J. L. Holton, et al. 2008. Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation. Nature Medicine 14(5): 501–503. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1746
    • (2008) Nature Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 501-503
    • Li, J.Y.1    Englund, E.2    Holton, J.L.3
  • 41
    • 0025058215 scopus 로고
    • Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
    • Lindvall, O., P. Brundin, H. Widner, et al. 1990. Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease. Science 247(4942): 574–577
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , Issue.4942 , pp. 574-577
    • Lindvall, O.1    Brundin, P.2    Widner, H.3
  • 42
    • 77954916913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving ethical issues in stem cell clinical trials: The example of Parkinson disease
    • Lo, B., and L. Parham. 2010. Resolving ethical issues in stem cell clinical trials: The example of Parkinson disease. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38(2): 257–266. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2010.00486.x
    • (2010) Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-266
    • Lo, B.1    Parham, L.2
  • 43
    • 0033598325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ethical problems with sham surgery in clinical research
    • Macklin, R. 1999. The ethical problems with sham surgery in clinical research. New England Journal of Medicine 341(13): 992–996. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909233411312
    • (1999) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.341 , Issue.13 , pp. 992-996
    • Macklin, R.1
  • 44
    • 33947210382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits, risks and ethical considerations in translation of stem cell research to clinical applications in Parkinson's disease
    • Master, Z., M. McLeod, and I. Mendez. 2007. Benefits, risks and ethical considerations in translation of stem cell research to clinical applications in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Medical Ethics 33(3): 169–173. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2005.013169
    • (2007) Journal of Medical Ethics , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-173
    • Master, Z.1    McLeod,, M.2    Mendez, I.3
  • 45
    • 50549094908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-based interventions for neurologic conditions: Ethical challenges for early human trials
    • Mathews, D. J., J. Sugarman, H. Bok, et al. 2008. Cell-based interventions for neurologic conditions: Ethical challenges for early human trials. Neurology 71(4): 288–293. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000316436.13659.80
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 288-293
    • Mathews, D.J.1    Sugarman, J.2    Bok, H.3
  • 46
    • 0034099045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of survival of stored dopaminergic cells and promotion of graft survival by exposure of human fetal nigral tissue to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease. Report of two cases and technical considerations
    • Mendez, I., A. Dagher, M. Hong, et al. 2000. Enhancement of survival of stored dopaminergic cells and promotion of graft survival by exposure of human fetal nigral tissue to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease. Report of two cases and technical considerations. Journal of Neurosurgery 92(5): 863–869. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.92.5.0863
    • (2000) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 863-869
    • Mendez, I.1    Dagher, A.2    Hong, M.3
  • 47
    • 43249085326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine neurons implanted into people with Parkinson's disease survive without pathology for 14 years
    • Mendez, I., A. Vinuela, A. Astradsson, et al. 2008. Dopamine neurons implanted into people with Parkinson's disease survive without pathology for 14 years. Nature Medicine 14(5): 507–509. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1752
    • (2008) Nature Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-509
    • Mendez, I.1    Vinuela, A.2    Astradsson, A.3
  • 48
    • 84897990329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson disease: Gene therapy for Parkinson disease—A hope, or a dream?
    • Olanow, C. W. 2014. Parkinson disease: Gene therapy for Parkinson disease—A hope, or a dream? Nature Reviews Neurology 10(4): 186–187. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.45
    • (2014) Nature Reviews Neurology , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 186-187
    • Olanow, C.W.1
  • 49
    • 0042837887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow, C. W., C. G. Goetz, J. H. Kordower, et al. 2003. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology 54(3): 403–414. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.10720
    • (2003) Annals of Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-414
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Kordower, J.H.3
  • 50
    • 58149143142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of animal models in evaluating reasonable safety and efficacy for human trials of cell-based interventions for neurologic conditions
    • Regenberg, A., D. J. Mathews, D. M. Blass, et al. 2009. The role of animal models in evaluating reasonable safety and efficacy for human trials of cell-based interventions for neurologic conditions. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 29(1): 1–9. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2008.98
    • (2009) Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Regenberg, A.1    Mathews, D.J.2    Blass, D.M.3
  • 51
    • 8844270229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease patients over age 70 years
    • Russmann, H., J. Ghika, J. G. Villemure, et al. 2004. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease patients over age 70 years. Neurology 63(10): 1952–1954. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000144198.26309.D8
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.10 , pp. 1952-1954
    • Russmann, H.1    Ghika, J.2    Villemure, J.G.3
  • 52
    • 79955676993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tragedy of translation: The case of “first use” in human embryonic stem cell research
    • Solbakk, J. H. and L. Zoloth. 2011. The tragedy of translation: The case of “first use” in human embryonic stem cell research. Cell Stem Cell 8(5): 479–481. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.04.009
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 479-481
    • Solbakk, J.H.1    Zoloth, L.2
  • 53
    • 33745789621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a modified informed consent process among vulnerable patients: A descriptive study
    • Sudore, R. L., C. S. Landefeld, B. A. Williams, et al. 2006. Use of a modified informed consent process among vulnerable patients: A descriptive study. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(8): 867–873. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00535.x
    • (2006) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 867-873
    • Sudore, R.L.1    Landefeld, C.S.2    Williams, B.A.3
  • 54
    • 84864548214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sham surgery trial controls: Perspectives of patients and their relatives
    • Swift, T. L. 2012. Sham surgery trial controls: Perspectives of patients and their relatives. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 7(3): 15–28. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jer.2012.7.3.15
    • (2012) Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 15-28
    • Swift, T.L.1
  • 55
    • 54349126967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease modifying trials in Alzheimer's disease: Perspectives for the future
    • Vellas, B., N. Coley, and S. Andrieu. 2008. Disease modifying trials in Alzheimer's disease: Perspectives for the future. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 15(2): 289–301.
    • (2008) Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-301
    • Vellas, B.1    Coley, N.2    Andrieu, S.3
  • 56
    • 42149126151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What should research participants understand to understand they are participants in research?
    • Wendler, D., and C. Grady. 2008. What should research participants understand to understand they are participants in research? Bioethics 22(4): 203–208. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00632.x
    • (2008) Bioethics , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 203-208
    • Wendler, D.1    Grady, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.