The epidemiology of vasospasm in children with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 674-685

  O'Brien, Nicole F ^a   Maa, Tensing ^a   Yeates, Keith O ^a,b,c  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT NATIONWIDE CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c NATIONWIDE CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral blood flow; Pediatrics; Secondary brain injury; Transcranial doppler ultrasound; Traumatic brain injury; Vasospasm

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL ARTERY DISEASE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY; DISEASE DURATION; EPIDURAL HEMATOMA; FEMALE; FLOW RATE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; INJURY SCALE; INJURY SEVERITY; INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; MULTIPLE TRAUMA; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SKULL FRACTURE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; VASOSPASM; ADOLESCENT; AGE; BRAIN; BRAIN INJURY; COMPLICATION; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; INFANT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; TIME; VASCULARIZATION; VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN; BRAIN INJURIES; CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEX FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TRAUMA SEVERITY INDICES; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, TRANSCRANIAL; VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL;

EID: 84924257130     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: 15300293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000745     Document Type: Article

References (90)

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2. Finkelstein E, Corso P, Miller T: The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2006
3. Society of Critical Care Medicine: Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury in adolescents, children, and infants - second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13(Suppl 1): S1-82
4. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al: The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997; 23:293-297
5. Voepel-Lewis T, Zanotti J, Dammeyer JA, et al: Reliability and validity of the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool in assessing acute pain in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19:55-61; quiz 62
6. Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes H: Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg 1982; 57:769-774
7. Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H: Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg 1984; 60:37-41
8. Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, et al: Cerebral vasospasm diagnosis by means of angiography and blood velocity measurements. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989; 100:12-24
9. Bode H, Wais U: Age dependence of flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63:606-611
10. Vavilala MS, Kincaid MS, Muangman SL, et al: Gender differences in cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation between the anterior and posterior circulations in healthy children. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:574-578
11. Philip S, Chaiwat O, Udomphorn Y, et al: Variation in cerebral blood flow velocity with cerebral perfusion pressure >40 mm Hg in 42 children with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2973-2978
12. Chaiwat O, Sharma D, Udomphorn Y, et al: Cerebral hemodynamic predictors of poor 6-month Glasgow Outcome Score in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:657-663
13. Beers SR, Wisniewski SR, Garcia-Filion P, et al: Validity of a pediatric version of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1126-1139
14. Compton JS, Teddy PJ: Cerebral arterial vasospasm following severe head injury: A transcranial Doppler study. Br J Neurosurg 1987; 1:435-439
15. Lee JH, Martin NA, Alsina G, et al: Hemodynamically significant cerebral vasospasm and outcome after head injury: A prospective study. J Neurosurg 1997; 87:221-233
16. Martin NA, Doberstein C, Zane C, et al: Posttraumatic cerebral arterial spasm: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, cerebral blood flow, and angiographic findings. J Neurosurg 1992; 77:575-583
17. Weber M, Grolimund P, Seiler RW: Evaluation of posttraumatic cerebral blood flow velocities by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurgery 1990; 27:106-112
18. Oertel M, Boscardin WJ, Obrist WD, et al: Posttraumatic vasospasm: The epidemiology, severity, and time course of an underestimated phenomenon: A prospective study performed in 299 patients. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:812-824
19. O'Brien NF, Reuter-Rice KE, Khanna S, et al: Vasospasm in children with traumatic brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:680-687
20. Bode H, Eden A: Transcranial Doppler sonography in children. J Child Neurol 1989; 4(Suppl):S68-S76
21. Schöning M, Staab M, Walter J, et al: Transcranial color duplex sonography in childhood and adolescence. Age dependence of flow velocities and waveform parameters. Stroke 1993; 24: 1305-1309
22. Wintermark M, Lepori D, Cotting J, et al: Brain perfusion in children: Evolution with age assessed by quantitative perfusion computed tomography. Pediatrics 2004; 113:1642-1652
23. Tontisirin N, Muangman SL, Suz P, et al: Early childhood gender differences in anterior and posterior cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation. Pediatrics 2007; 119:e610-e615
24. Zubkov AY, Lewis AI, Raila FA, et al: Risk factors for the development of post-traumatic cerebral vasospasm. Surg Neurol 2000; 53:126-130
25. Pluta RM: Delayed cerebral vasospasm and nitric oxide: Review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 105:23-56
26. Macdonald RL, Weir BK: A review of hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Stroke 1991; 22:971-982
27. Taneda M, Kataoka K, Akai F, et al: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage as a predictable indicator of delayed ischemic symptoms. J Neurosurg 1996; 84:762-768
28. Katsnelson M, Mackenzie L, Frangos S, et al: Are initial radiographic and clinical scales associated with subsequent intracranial pressure and brain oxygen levels after severe traumatic brain injury? Neurosurgery 2012; 70:1095-1105
29. Maas AI, Steyerberg EW, Butcher I, et al: Prognostic value of computerized tomography scan characteristics in traumatic brain injury: Results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:303-314
30. Arutiunov AI, Baron MA, Majorova NA: The role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of short-term and prolonged spasm of the cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg 1974; 40:459-472
31. Nakayama K, Obara K, Tanabe Y, et al: Interactive role of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and Rho/Rho kinase systems in the mechanotransduction of vascular smooth muscles. Biorheology 2003; 40:307-314
32. Sarkar K, Keachie K, Nguyen U, et al: Computed tomography characteristics in pediatric versus adult traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2014; 13:307-314
33. Ommaya AK, Goldsmith W, Thibault L: Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16:220-242
34. Shahlaie K, Keachie K, Hutchins IM, et al: Risk factors for posttraumatic vasospasm. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:602-611
35. Armonda RA, Bell RS, Vo AH, et al: Wartime traumatic cerebral vasospasm: Recent review of combat casualties. Neurosurgery 2006; 59:1215-1225
36. Macpherson P, Graham DI: Correlation between angiographic findings and the ischaemia of head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978; 41:122-127
37. Suwanwela C, Suwanwela N: Intracranial arterial narrowing and spasm in acute head injury. J Neurosurg 1972; 36:314-323
38. Chan KH, Dearden NM, Miller JD: The significance of posttraumatic increase in cerebral blood flow velocity: A transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Neurosurgery 1992; 30:697-700
39. Sander D, Klingelhöfer J: Cerebral vasospasm following post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage evaluated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. J Neurol Sci 1993; 119:1-7
40. Steiger HJ, Aaslid R, Stooss R, et al: Transcranial Doppler monitoring in head injury: Relations between type of injury, flow velocities, vasoreactivity, and outcome. Neurosurgery 1994; 34:79-86
41. Harders A, Kakarieka A, Braakman R: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and its treatment with nimodipine. German tSAH Study Group. J Neurosurg 1996; 85:82-89
42. Vardiman AB, Kopitnik TA, Purdy PD, et al: Treatment of traumatic arterial vasospasm with intraarterial papaverine infusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:319-321
43. Lee DJ, Moftakhar P, Glenn TC, et al: Intra-arterial calcium channel blocker infusion for treatment of severe vasospasm in traumatic brain injury: Case report. Neurosurgery 2008; 63:E1004-E1006
44. Shahlaie K, Boggan JE, Latchaw RE, et al: Posttraumatic vasospasm detected by continuous brain tissue oxygen monitoring: Treatment with intraarterial verapamil and balloon angioplasty. Neurocrit Care 2009; 10:61-69
45. Newell DW, Eskridge J, Mayberg M, et al: Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms and cerebral vasospasm. Clin Neurosurg 1992; 39:348-360
46. Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM, et al: Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2010
47. Finkelstein E, Corso P, Miller T: The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2006
48. Society of Critical Care Medicine: Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury in adolescents, children, and infants - second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13(Suppl 1): S1-82
49. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al: The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997; 23:293-297
50. Voepel-Lewis T, Zanotti J, Dammeyer JA, et al: Reliability and validity of the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool in assessing acute pain in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19:55-61; quiz 62
51. Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes H: Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg 1982; 57:769-774
52. Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H: Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg 1984; 60:37-41
53. Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, et al: Cerebral vasospasm diagnosis by means of angiography and blood velocity measurements. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989; 100:12-24
54. Bode H, Wais U: Age dependence of flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63:606-611
55. Vavilala MS, Kincaid MS, Muangman SL, et al: Gender differences in cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation between the anterior and posterior circulations in healthy children. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:574-578
56. Philip S, Chaiwat O, Udomphorn Y, et al: Variation in cerebral blood flow velocity with cerebral perfusion pressure >40 mm Hg in 42 children with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2973-2978
57. Chaiwat O, Sharma D, Udomphorn Y, et al: Cerebral hemodynamic predictors of poor 6-month Glasgow Outcome Score in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:657-663
58. Beers SR, Wisniewski SR, Garcia-Filion P, et al: Validity of a pediatric version of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1126-1139
59. Compton JS, Teddy PJ: Cerebral arterial vasospasm following severe head injury: A transcranial Doppler study. Br J Neurosurg 1987; 1:435-439
60. Lee JH, Martin NA, Alsina G, et al: Hemodynamically significant cerebral vasospasm and outcome after head injury: A prospective study. J Neurosurg 1997; 87:221-233
61. Martin NA, Doberstein C, Zane C, et al: Posttraumatic cerebral arterial spasm: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, cerebral blood flow, and angiographic findings. J Neurosurg 1992; 77:575-583
62. Weber M, Grolimund P, Seiler RW: Evaluation of posttraumatic cerebral blood flow velocities by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurgery 1990; 27:106-112
63. Oertel M, Boscardin WJ, Obrist WD, et al: Posttraumatic vasospasm: The epidemiology, severity, and time course of an underestimated phenomenon: A prospective study performed in 299 patients. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:812-824
64. O'Brien NF, Reuter-Rice KE, Khanna S, et al: Vasospasm in children with traumatic brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:680-687
65. Bode H, Eden A: Transcranial Doppler sonography in children. J Child Neurol 1989; 4(Suppl):S68-S76
66. Schöning M, Staab M, Walter J, et al: Transcranial color duplex sonography in childhood and adolescence. Age dependence of flow velocities and waveform parameters. Stroke 1993; 24: 1305-1309
67. Wintermark M, Lepori D, Cotting J, et al: Brain perfusion in children: Evolution with age assessed by quantitative perfusion computed tomography. Pediatrics 2004; 113:1642-1652
68. Tontisirin N, Muangman SL, Suz P, et al: Early childhood gender differences in anterior and posterior cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation. Pediatrics 2007; 119:e610-e615
69. Zubkov AY, Lewis AI, Raila FA, et al: Risk factors for the development of post-traumatic cerebral vasospasm. Surg Neurol 2000; 53:126-130
70. Pluta RM: Delayed cerebral vasospasm and nitric oxide: Review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 105:23-56
71. Macdonald RL, Weir BK: A review of hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Stroke 1991; 22:971-982
72. Taneda M, Kataoka K, Akai F, et al: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage as a predictable indicator of delayed ischemic symptoms. J Neurosurg 1996; 84:762-768
73. Katsnelson M, Mackenzie L, Frangos S, et al: Are initial radiographic and clinical scales associated with subsequent intracranial pressure and brain oxygen levels after severe traumatic brain injury? Neurosurgery 2012; 70:1095-1105
74. Maas AI, Steyerberg EW, Butcher I, et al: Prognostic value of computerized tomography scan characteristics in traumatic brain injury: Results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:303-314
75. Arutiunov AI, Baron MA, Majorova NA: The role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of short-term and prolonged spasm of the cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg 1974; 40:459-472
76. Nakayama K, Obara K, Tanabe Y, et al: Interactive role of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and Rho/Rho kinase systems in the mechanotransduction of vascular smooth muscles. Biorheology 2003; 40:307-314
77. Sarkar K, Keachie K, Nguyen U, et al: Computed tomography characteristics in pediatric versus adult traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2014; 13:307-314
78. Ommaya AK, Goldsmith W, Thibault L: Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16:220-242
79. Shahlaie K, Keachie K, Hutchins IM, et al: Risk factors for posttraumatic vasospasm. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:602-611
80. Armonda RA, Bell RS, Vo AH, et al: Wartime traumatic cerebral vasospasm: Recent review of combat casualties. Neurosurgery 2006; 59:1215-1225
81. Macpherson P, Graham DI: Correlation between angiographic findings and the ischaemia of head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978; 41:122-127
82. Suwanwela C, Suwanwela N: Intracranial arterial narrowing and spasm in acute head injury. J Neurosurg 1972; 36:314-323
83. Chan KH, Dearden NM, Miller JD: The significance of posttraumatic increase in cerebral blood flow velocity: A transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Neurosurgery 1992; 30:697-700
84. Sander D, Klingelhöfer J: Cerebral vasospasm following post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage evaluated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. J Neurol Sci 1993; 119:1-7
85. Steiger HJ, Aaslid R, Stooss R, et al: Transcranial Doppler monitoring in head injury: Relations between type of injury, flow velocities, vasoreactivity, and outcome. Neurosurgery 1994; 34:79-86
86. Harders A, Kakarieka A, Braakman R: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and its treatment with nimodipine. German tSAH Study Group. J Neurosurg 1996; 85:82-89
87. Vardiman AB, Kopitnik TA, Purdy PD, et al: Treatment of traumatic arterial vasospasm with intraarterial papaverine infusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:319-321
88. Lee DJ, Moftakhar P, Glenn TC, et al: Intra-arterial calcium channel blocker infusion for treatment of severe vasospasm in traumatic brain injury: Case report. Neurosurgery 2008; 63:E1004-E1006
89. Shahlaie K, Boggan JE, Latchaw RE, et al: Posttraumatic vasospasm detected by continuous brain tissue oxygen monitoring: Treatment with intraarterial verapamil and balloon angioplasty. Neurocrit Care 2009; 10:61-69
90. Newell DW, Eskridge J, Mayberg M, et al: Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms and cerebral vasospasm. Clin Neurosurg 1992; 39:348-360