Altered Breathing Syndrome in Heart Failure: Newer Insights and Treatment Options

Current Heart Failure Reports

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 158-165

  Tomita, Yasuhiro ^a   Kasai, Takatoshi ^a,b   Kisaka, Tomohiko ^c,d   Rossiter, Harry B ^c,e   Kihara, Yasuki ^d   Wasserman, Karlman ^c   Daida, Hiroyuki ^b  

^a TORANOMON HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^b JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^e NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Central sleep apnea; Cheyne Stokes breathing; Exercise oscillatory ventilation; Periodic breathing; Sleep disordered breathing

Indexed keywords

AIR CONDITIONING; ALTERED BREATHING SYNDROME; AMBULATORY MONITORING; BREATHING; BREATHING DISORDER; BREATHING PATTERN; CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; CHEYNE STOKES BREATHING; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HUMAN; LUNG RECEPTOR; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PULMONARY ARTERY OCCLUSION PRESSURE; REVIEW; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING; CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION; COMORBIDITY; EXERCISE TEST; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; SYNDROME;

CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION; COMORBIDITY; EXERCISE TEST; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE; SYNDROME;

EID: 84924168431     PISSN: 15469530     EISSN: 15469549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11897-014-0250-4     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Lorenzi-Filho G, Azevedo ER, Parker JD, Bradley TD. Relationship of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood to pulmonary wedge pressure in heart failure. Eur Respir J. 2002;19(1):37–40.
2. Roberts AM, Bhattacharya J, Schultz HD, Coleridge HM, Coleridge JC. Stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferent C-fibers by lung edema in dogs. Circ Res. 1986;58(4):512–22.
3. Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Chua TP, Francis D, Banasiak W, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. Oscillatory breathing patterns during wakefulness in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical implications and role of augmented peripheral chemosensitivity. Circulation. 1999;100(24):2418–24.
4. Yamada K, Asanoi H, Ueno H, Joho S, Takagawa J, Kameyama T, et al. Role of central sympathoexcitation in enhanced hypercapnic chemosensitivity in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2004;148(6):964–70.
5. Wasserman K, Zhang YY, Gitt A, Belardinelli R, Koike A, Lubarsky L, et al. Lung function and exercise gas exchange in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1997;96(7):2221–7.
6. Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Liming JD, Corbett WS, Nishiyama H, Wexler L, et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation. 1998;97(21):2154–9.
7. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, diagnostic and coding manual, 2nd edn. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2005.
8. Yumino D, Bradley TD. Central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(2):226–36.
9. Yumino D, Wang H, Floras JS, Newton GE, Mak S, Ruttanaumpawan P, et al. Prevalence and physiological predictors of sleep apnea in patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail. 2009;15(4):279–85.
10. Javaheri S. Sleep disorders in systolic heart failure: a prospective study of 100 male patients. The final report. Int J Cardiol. 2006;106(1):21–8.
11. Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, Newton G, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(4):1101–6.
12. Solin P, Bergin P, Richardson M, Kaye DM, Walters EH, Naughton MT. Influence of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure on central apnea in heart failure. Circulation. 1999;99(12):1574–9.
13. Onal E, Lopata M. Periodic breathing and the pathogenesis of occlusive sleep apneas. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126(4):676–80.
14. Onal E, Lopata M, O’Connor T. Pathogenesis of apneas in hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;125(2):167–74.
15. Ryan CM, Bradley TD. Periodicity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with and without heart failure. Chest. 2005;127(2):536–42.
16. Bitter T, Westerheide N, Hossain MS, Lehmann R, Prinz C, Kleemeyer A, et al. Complex sleep apnoea in congestive heart failure. Thorax. 2011;66(5):402–7.
17. Naughton MT, Benard DC, Liu PP, Rutherford R, Rankin F, Bradley TD. Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):473–9.
18. Wang H, Parker JD, Newton GE, Floras JS, Mak S, Chiu KL, et al. Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on mortality in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(15):1625–31.
19. Tamura A, Kawano Y, Naono S, Kotoku M, Kadota J. Relationship between beta-blocker treatment and the severity of central sleep apnea in chronic heart failure. Chest. 2007;131(1):130–5.
20. Yamamoto U, Mohri M, Shimada K, Origuchi H, Miyata K, Ito K, et al. Six-month aerobic exercise training ameliorates central sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2007;13(10):825–9.
21. Lamba J, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, Michael KA, Fitzpatrick M, Baranchuk A. Cardiac resynchronization therapy for the treatment of sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis. Europace. 2011;13(8):1174–9.
22. Mansfield DR, Solin P, Roebuck T, Bergin P, Kaye DM, Naughton MT. The effect of successful heart transplant treatment of heart failure on central sleep apnea. Chest. 2003;124(5):1675–81.
23. Masip J, Betbese AJ, Paez J, Vecilla F, Canizares R, Padro J, et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9248):2126–32.
24. Naughton MT, Liu PP, Bernard DC, Goldstein RS, Bradley TD. Treatment of congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151(1):92–7.
25. Arzt M, Schulz M, Wensel R, Montalvan S, Blumberg FC, Riegger GA, et al. Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure improves ventilatory efficiency during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Chest. 2005;127(3):794–802.
26. Arzt M, Floras JS, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Series F, Morrison D, et al. Suppression of central sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure and transplant-free survival in heart failure: a post hoc analysis of the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central sleep Apnea and Heart Failure Trial (CANPAP). Circulation. 2007;115(25):3173–80.
27. Bradley TD, Logan AG, Kimoff RJ, Series F, Morrison D, Ferguson K, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(19):2025–33. A prospective, randomized, controlled study attempting to establish the beneficial effect of CPAP on CSB in HF patients.
28. Kasai T, Narui K, Dohi T, Ishiwata S, Yoshimura K, Nishiyama S, et al. Efficacy of nasal bi-level positive airway pressure in congestive heart failure patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration and central sleep apnea. Circ J. 2005;69(8):913–21.
29. Fietze I, Blau A, Glos M, Theres H, Baumann G, Penzel T. Bi-level positive pressure ventilation and adaptive servo ventilation in patients with heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Sleep Med. 2008;9(6):652–9.
30. Philippe C, Stoica-Herman M, Drouot X, Raffestin B, Escourrou P, Hittinger L, et al. Compliance with and effectiveness of adaptive servoventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure over a six month period. Heart. 2006;92(3):337–42.
31. Kasai T. Sleep apnea and heart failure. J Cardiol. 2012;60(2):78–85. A review on PB while sleeping in HF patients which contains a good table on randomized controlled trials using ASV for CSB.
32. Andreas S, Clemens C, Sandholzer H, Figulla HR, Kreuzer H. Improvement of exercise capacity with treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27(6):1486–90.
33. Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Wexler L, Liming JD, Lindower P, Roselle GA. Effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(8):562–7.
34. Javaheri S. Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):234–7.
35. Giannoni A, Baruah R, Willson K, Mebrate Y, Mayet J, Emdin M, et al. Real-time dynamic carbon dioxide administration: a novel treatment strategy for stabilization of periodic breathing with potential application to central sleep apnea. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(22):1832–7.
36. Khayat RN, Xie A, Patel AK, Kaminski A, Skatrud JB. Cardiorespiratory effects of added dead space in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Chest. 2003;123(5):1551–60.
37. Zhang XL, Ding N, Wang H, Augostini R, Yang B, Xu D, et al. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration and congestive heart failure: a safety and proof-of-concept study. Chest. 2012;142(4):927–34.
38. Olson TP, Frantz RP, Snyder EM, O’Malley KA, Beck KC, Johnson BD. Effects of acute changes in pulmonary wedge pressure on periodic breathing at rest in heart failure patients. Am Heart J. 2007;153(1):104–e1-7.
39. Poletti R, Passino C, Giannoni A, Zyw L, Prontera C, Bramanti F, et al. Risk factors and prognostic value of daytime Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol. 2009;137(1):47–53.
40. Andreas S, Hagenah G, Moller C, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. Cheyne-Stokes respiration and prognosis in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78(11):1260–4.
41. Koike A, Shimizu N, Tajima A, Aizawa T, Fu LT, Watanabe H, et al. Relation between oscillatory ventilation at rest before cardiopulmonary exercise testing and prognosis in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Chest. 2003;123(2):372–9.
42. Brack T, Thuer I, Clarenbach CF, Senn O, Noll G, Russi EW, et al. Daytime Cheyne-Stokes respiration in ambulatory patients with severe congestive heart failure is associated with increased mortality. Chest. 2007;132(5):1463–71. The first comprehensive report of circadian CSB prevalence in HF patients using a novel portable monitoring device.
43. Bard RL, Gillespie BW, Patel H, Nicklas JM. Prognostic ability of resting periodic breathing and ventilatory variation in closely matched patients with heart failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2008;28(5):318–22.
44. Silva RS, Figueiredo AC, Mady C, Lorenzi-Filho G. Breathing disorders in congestive heart failure: gender, etiology and mortality. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008;41(3):215–22.
45. Lange RL, Hecht HH. The mechanism of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. J Clin Invest. 1962;41:42–52.
46. Koike A, Itoh H, Oohara R, Kubozono T, Koyama Y, Shimizu N, et al. Effects of nitric oxide inhalation on periodic breathing in awake patients with chronic heart disease. Jpn J Physiol. 2002;52(4):327–32.
47. Harada D, Joho S, Oda Y, Hirai T, Asanoi H, Inoue H. Short term effect of adaptive servo-ventilation on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Auton Neurosci. 2011;161(1–2):95–102.
48. Guazzi M, Adams V, Conraads V, Halle M, Mezzani A, Vanhees L, et al. EACPR/AHA Scientific Statement. Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations. Circulation. 2012;126(18):2261–74.
49. Corra U, Pistono M, Mezzani A, Braghiroli A, Giordano A, Lanfranchi P, et al. Sleep and exertional periodic breathing in chronic heart failure: prognostic importance and interdependence. Circulation. 2006;113(1):44–50.
50. Guazzi M, Myers J, Peberdy MA, Bensimhon D, Chase P, Arena R. Exercise oscillatory breathing in diastolic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic insights. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(22):2751–9.
51. Balady GJ, Arena R, Sietsema K, Myers J, Coke L, Fletcher GF, et al. Clinician’s guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;122(2):191–225.
52. Ben-Dov I, Sietsema KE, Casaburi R, Wasserman K. Evidence that circulatory oscillations accompany ventilatory oscillations during exercise in patients with heart failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145(4 Pt 1):776–81.
53. Miyagi K, Asanoi H, Ishizaka S, Kameyama T, Sasayama S. Limited value of anaerobic threshold for assessing functional capacity in patients with heart failure. Clin Cardiol. 1993;16(2):133–7.
54. Murphy RM, Shah RV, Malhotra R, Pappagianopoulos PP, Hough SS, Systrom DM, et al. Exercise oscillatory ventilation in systolic heart failure: an indicator of impaired hemodynamic response to exercise. Circulation. 2011;124(13):1442–51. The first demonstration on the relationship between EOV and serial measurements of circulatory delay and ventilatory drive during exercise.
55. Kremser CB, O’Toole MF, Leff AR. Oscillatory hyperventilation in severe congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(8):900–5.
56. Ribeiro JP, Knutzen A, Rocco MB, Hartley LH, Colucci WS. Periodic breathing during exercise in severe heart failure. Reversal with milrinone or cardiac transplantation. Chest. 1987;92(3):555–6.
57. Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, Chizola PR, Bocchi EA, Terra-Filho M, et al. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(12):2175–81.
58. Piepoli MF, Ponikowski PP, Volterrani M, Francis D, Coats AJ. Aetiology and pathophysiological implications of oscillatory ventilation at rest and during exercise in chronic heart failure. Do Cheyne and Stokes have an important message for modern-day patients with heart failure? Eur Heart J. 1999;20(13):946–53.
59. Wasserman K, Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiovascular health. 2002, Armonk, NY: Futura Pub. Co. x, 246 p
60. Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J. 2008;29(19):2388–442.
61. Theodosiou M, Lim HS. Exercise ventilatory parameters for the diagnosis of reactive pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2014.
62. Guazzi M, Arena R, Ascione A, Piepoli M, Guazzi MD, Gruppo di Studio Fisiologia dell'Esercizio CdSeRCotISoC. Exercise oscillatory breathing and increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope in heart failure: an unfavorable combination with high prognostic value. Am Heart J. 2007;153(5):859–67.
63. Zurek M, Corra U, Piepoli MF, Binder RK, Saner H, Schmid JP. Exercise training reverses exertional oscillatory ventilation in heart failure patients. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(5):1238–44.
64. Guazzi M, Vicenzi M, Arena R. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition with sildenafil reverses exercise oscillatory breathing in chronic heart failure: a long-term cardiopulmonary exercise testing placebo-controlled study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(1):82–90.
65. Apostolo A, Agostoni P, Contini M, Antonioli L, Swenson ER. Acetazolamide and inhaled carbon dioxide reduce periodic breathing during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2014;20(4):278–88.
66. Oldenburg O, Bitter T, Lehmann R, Korte S, Dimitriadis Z, Faber L, et al. Adaptive servoventilation improves cardiac function and respiratory stability. Clin Res Cardiol. 2011;100(2):107–15.
67. Wasserman K, Principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical applications. 5th ed. 2012, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. xiii, 572 p.