Improved alternatives for estimating in-use material stocks

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 3048-3055

  Chen, Wei Qiang ^a   Graedel, T E ^a  

^a Yale University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;

BOTTOM UP METHODS; END OF LIVES; FLOWS OF MATERIALS; PRODUCT GROUPS; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; TIME-PERIODS; TOPDOWN;

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;

ALUMINUM;

AUTOMOBILE; FUTURE PROSPECT; POLLUTION POLICY; RECYCLING; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

ALUMINUM FACTORY; ARTICLE; AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY; CAR; IN USE STOCK; INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIAL PHENOMENA; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INVESTMENT; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT; DEVICE MATERIAL; ECOLOGY; INDUSTRY; RECYCLING; THEORETICAL MODEL;

AUTOMOBILES; ECOLOGY; INDUSTRY; MANUFACTURED MATERIALS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RECYCLING;

EID: 84924066527     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es504353s     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Fixed Assets and Consumer Durable Goods in the United States, 1925-97; U.S. Department of Commerce: Washington, DC, 2003.
2. Young, A. and Musgrave, J. C., Estimation of capital stock in the United States. In The Measurement of Capital, Usher, D., Ed. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1980; pp 23-82.
3. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Detaileddata for fixedassets and consumer durable goods, 2014. http://www.bea.gov/national/FA2004/Details/Index.html (accessed May 25, 2014).
4. Gerst, M.; Graedel, T. In-use stocks of metals: Status and implications Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 7038-7045
5. Gordon, R.; Bertram, M.; Graedel, T. Metal stocks and sustainability Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 1209-1214
6. van Beers, D.; Graedel, T. Spatial characterisation of multi-level in-use copper and zinc stocks in Australia J. Cleaner Prod. 2007, 849-861
7. The Aluminum Association. End Use Guide for Reporting Shipments of Semi-fabricated Aluminum Products; The Aluminum Association: Arlington, VA, 2007.
8. The Aluminum Association. Aluminum Statistical Review for 2009; The Aluminum Association: Arlington, VA, 2010.
9. Chen, W. Q.; Graedel, T. E. Dynamic analysis of aluminum stocks and flows in the United States: 1900-2009 Ecol. Econ. 2012, 81, 92-102
10. Müller, D.; Wang, T.; Duval, B.; Graedel, T. Exploring the engine of anthropogenic iron cycles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 16111-16116
11. Pauliuk, S.; Wang, T.; Muller, D. B. Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2013, 71, 22-30
12. Müller, D. B.; Wang, T.; Duval, B. Patterns of iron use in societal evolution Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (1) 182-188
13. Kelly, T. D.; Matos, G. R. Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States (2013 Version), 1.0. ed.; U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, VA, 2013; http://minerals.usgs.gov/ds/2005/140/.
14. Chen, W.-Q.; Shi, L. Analysis of aluminum stocks and flows in mainland China from 1950 to 2009: Exploring the dynamics driving the rapid increase in China's aluminum production Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2012, 65, 18-28
15. Ciacci, L.; Chen, W. Q.; Passarini, F.; Eckelman, M.; Vassura, I.; Morselli, L. Historical evolution of anthropogenic aluminum stocks and flows in Italy Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2013, 72, 1-8
16. Hatayama, H.; Daigo, I.; Matsuno, Y.; Adachi, Y. Assessment of the recycling potential of aluminum in Japan, the United States, Europe and China Mater. Trans 2009, 650-656
17. Hatayama, H.; Yamada, H.; Daigo, I.; Matsuno, Y.; Adachi, Y. Dynamic substance flow analysis of aluminum and its alloying elements Mater. Trans 2007, 2518-2524
18. Liu, G.; Bangs, C. E.; Müller, D. B. Unearthing potentials for decarbonizing the U.S. aluminum cycle Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (22) 9515-9522
19. Liu, G.; Müller, D. B. Centennial evolution of aluminum in-use stocks on our aluminized planet Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 4882-4888
20. McMillan, C.; Moore, M.; Keoleian, G.; Bulkley, J. Quantifying U.S. aluminum in-use stocks and their relationship with economic output Ecol. Econ. 2010, 2606-2613
21. Wang, J.-L.; Graedel, T. Aluminum in-use stocks in China: A bottom-up study J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 2010, 66-82
22. Recalde, K.; Wang, J.; Graedel, T. Aluminium in-use stocks in the state of Connecticut Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2008, 1271-1282
23. Cheah, L.; Heywood, J.; Kirchain, R. Aluminum stock and flows in US passenger vehicles and implications for energy use J. Ind. Ecol. 2009, 718-734
24. Modaresi, R.; Muller, D. B. The role of automobiles for the future of aluminum recycling Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (16) 8587-8594
25. Chen, W.-Q.; Graedel, T. E. In-use product stocks link manufactured capital to natural capital. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2015, in press
26. Nakamura, S.; Nakajima, K.; Kondo, Y.; Nagasaka, T. The waste input-output approach to materials flow analysis-Concepts and application to base metals J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11 (4) 50-63
27. Nakamura, S.; Kondo, Y.; Matsubae, K.; Nakajima, K.; Nagasaka, T. UPIOM: A new tool of MFA and its application to the flow of iron and steel associated with car production Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (3) 1114-1120
28. Kondo, Y.; Nakajima, K.; Matsubae, K.; Nakamura, S. The anatomy of capital stock: Input-output material flow analysis (MFA) of the material composition of physical stocks and its evolution over time Rev. Metall. (Paris) 2012, 109 (5) 293-298
29. Nakamura, S.; Nakajima, K. Waste input-output material flow analysis of metals in the Japanese economy Mater. Trans 2005, 2550-2553
30. Nakamura, S.; Nakajima, K.; Yoshizawa, Y.; Matsubae-Yokoyama, K.; Nagasaka, T. Analyzing polyvinyl chloride in Japan with the waste input-output material flow analysis model J. Ind. Ecol. 2009, 13 (5) 706-717
31. Ducker Worldwide. On aluminum content in north Americanlight vehicles: Phase I, 2008. http://www.drivealuminum.org/research-resources/research (accessed Dec. 08, 2014).
32. The Aluminum Association. The history of aluminum in cars. http://www.aluminum.org/product-markets/automotive (accessed June 10, 2014).
33. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Input-output accountsdata, 2014. http://www.bea.gov/industry/io-annual.htm (accessed June 10, 2014).
34. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Benchmark input-outputdata: Historical SIC data for 1977, 1972, 1967, 1963, 1958, and 1947, (2014. http://www.bea.gov/industry/io-histsic.htm (accessed June 10, 2014).
35. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Benchmark input-outputdata: 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987, and 1982, 2014. http://www.bea.gov/industry/io-benchmark.htm (accessed May 30, 2014).
36. Rauch, J. Global mapping of Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn in-use stocks and in-ground resources Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 18920-18925
37. Hattori, R.; Horie, S.; Hsu, F. C.; Elvidge, C. D.; Matsuno, Y. Estimation of in-use steel stock for civil engineering and building using nighttime light images Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2014, 83, 229-233
38. Takahashi, K. I.; Terakado, R.; Nakamura, J.; Adachi, Y.; Elvidge, C. D.; Matsuno, Y. In-use stock analysis using satellite nighttime light observation data Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2010, 55 (2) 196-200
39. Carter, S. B.; Gartner, S. S.; Haines, M. R.; Olmstead, A. L.; Sutch, R.; Wright, G. Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial ed. Online; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2006.
40. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States: 1789-1945; U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington D.C., 1949.
41. U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Transportation energydata book, (2013. http://cta.ornl.gov/data/index.shtml (accessed January 05, 2014).
42. Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Major Appliance Historical Tables; Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers: Washington, DC, 2012.
43. Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Major Appliance Annual Trends 1989-2012; Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers: Washington, DC, 2012.
44. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Statistics on themanagement of used and end-of-life electronics, 2012. http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/manage.htm (accessed August 20, 2013).
45. American Chemistry Council. Chemistry and Light Vehicles; American Chemistry Council: Washington, DC, 2012.
46. Canadian Appliance Manufacturers Association. Generation and Diversion of White Goods from Residential Sources in Canada; Canadian Appliance Manufacturers Association: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2005.
47. Oguchi, M.; Murakami, S.; Sakanakura, H.; Kida, A.; Kameya, T. A preliminary categorization of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment as secondary metal resources Waste Manage. 2011, 31 (9-10) 2150-2160
48. Chen, W.-Q. Dynamic Product-Level Analysis of In-Use Aluminum Stocks in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, under review