Measurement of serum procalcitonin levels for the early diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-7

  Cai, Zhao Hua ^a,b   Fan, Chun Lei ^a   Zheng, Jun Fu ^a   Zhang, Xin ^a   Zhao, Wen Min ^a   Li, Bing ^a   Li, Lei ^a   Dong, Pei Ling ^a   Ding, Hui Guo ^a  

^a CAPITAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b The Second Hospital of Beijing   (China)

Author keywords

Cirrhosis; Early diagnosis; Infection; Procalcitonin; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Indexed keywords

PROCALCITONIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CALCITONIN; PROTEIN PRECURSOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASCITES; ASCITES FLUID; BACTERIAL PERITONITIS; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CHILD PUGH SCORE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECOMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE MARKER; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; ESOPHAGUS HEMORRHAGE; FEMALE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LUNG INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARATHYROID HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; PREDICTIVE VALUE; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; AGED; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BLOOD; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPLICATION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PERITONITIS;

ADULT; AGED; ASCITES; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BIOMARKERS; CALCITONIN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERITONITIS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84923881123     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0776-4     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Ginès P, Fernández J, Durand F, Saliba F. Management of critically-ill cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2012;56 Suppl 1:S13-24.
2. Galbois A, Aegerter P, Martel-Samb P, Housset C, Thabut D, Offenstadt G, et al. Improved prognosis of septic shock in patients with cirrhosis: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:1666-75.
3. Jalan R, Fernandez J, Wiest R, Schnabl B, Moreau R, Angeli P, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. J Hepatol. 2014;60:1310-24.
4. Fernández J, Acevedo J, Castro M, Garcia O, de Lope CR, Roca D, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology. 2012;55:1551-61.
5. Kamani L, Mumtaz K, Ahmed US, Ali AW, Jafri W. Outcomes in culture positive, culture negative ascitic fluid infection in patients with viral cirrhosis: cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008;8:59.
6. Shalimar, Acharya SK. Difficult to treat spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Trop Gastroenterol. 2013;34:7-13.
7. Campillo B, Richardet JP, Kheo T, Dupeyron C. Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia in cirrhotic patients: impact of isolate type on prognosis and characteristics of infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:1-10.
8. Runyon BA, AASLD. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012. Hepatology. 2013;57:1651-3.
9. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;53:397-417.
10. Assink-de Jong E, de Lange DW, van Oers JA, Nijsten MW, Twisk JW, Beishuizen A. Stop Antibiotics on guidance of Procalcitonin Study (SAPS): a randomised prospective multicenter investigator-initiated trial to analyse whether daily measurements of procalcitonin versus a standard-of-care approach can safely shorten antibiotic duration in intensive care unit patients-calculated sample size: 1816 patient. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:178.
11. Viallon A, Zeni F, Pouzet V, Lambert C, Quenet S, Aubert G, et al. Serum and ascitic procalcitonin levels in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: diagnostic value and relationship to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:1082-8.
12. Schuetz P, Müller B, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, et al. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:9.
13. Su DH, Zhuo C, Liao K, Cheng WB, Cheng H, Zhao XF. Value of serum procalcitonin levels in predicting spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepato-gastroenterol. 2013;60:641-6.
14. Connert S, Stremmel W, Elsing C. Procalcitonin is a valid marker of infection in decompensated cirrhosis. Z Gastroenterol. 2003;41:165-70.
15. Li CH, Yang RB, Pang JH, Chang SS, Lin CC, Chen CH, et al. Procalcitonin as a biomarker for bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18:121-6.
16. Spahr L, Morard I, Hadengue A, Vadas L, Pugin J. Procalcitonin is not an accurate marker of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterol. 2001;48:502-5.
17. Gürol G, Ciftci IH, Terzi HA, Atasoy AR, Ozbek A, Köroglu M: Are there standardized cutoff values for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in bacteremia or sepsis? J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014, Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]18. Pleguezuelo M, Benitez JM, Jurado J
18. Sung-Yeon C, Jung-Hyun C. Biomarkers of sepsis. Infect Chemother. 2014;46:1-12.
19. Montero JL, De la Mata M. Diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2013;5:16-25.
20. Lerschmacher O, Koch A, Streetz K, Trautwein C, Tacke F. Management of decompensated liver cirrhosis in the intensive care unit. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2013;108:646-56.
21. Fernandez J, Gustot T. Management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S1-S12.
22. Gustot T, Durand F, Lebrec D, Vincent JL, Moreau R. Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2009;50:2022-33.
23. Bloos F, Reinhart K. Rapid diagnosis of sepsis. Virulence. 2014;5:154-60.
24. Russwurm S, Wiederhold M, Oberhofer M, Stonans I, Zipfel FP, Reinhart K. Molecular aspects and natural source of procalcitonin. J Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999;37:789-97.
25. Mehanic S, Baljic R. The importance of serum procalcitonin in diagnosis and treatment of serious bacterial infections and sepsis. Mater Sociomed. 2013;25:277-81.
26. Cekin Y, Cekin AH, Duman A, Yilmaz U, Yesil B, Yolcular BO. The role of serum procalcitonin levels in predicting ascitic fluid infection in hospitalized cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10:1367-74.
27. Lazzarotto C, Ronsoni MF, Fayad L, Nogueira CL, Bazzo ML, Narciso-Schiavon JL, et al. Acute phase proteins for the diagnosis of bacterial infection and prediction of mortality in acute complications of cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol. 2013;12:599-607.