Capillary-driven percolating networks in ternary blends of immiscible polymers and silica particles

Rheologica Acta

Volumn 53, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 593-605

  Domenech, Trystan ^a   Velankar, Sachin ^a  

^a University of Pittsburgh   (United States)

Author keywords

Capillary bridging; Pendular network; Percolation; Ternary blends

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923127302     PISSN: 00354511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00397-014-0776-0     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Batchelor GK (1977) The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles. J Fluid Mech 83:97–117
2. Baudouin AC, Auhl D, Tao FF, Devaux J, Bailly C (2011) Polymer blend emulsion stabilization using carbon nanotubes interfacial confinement. Polymer 52:149–156
3. Binks BP, Horozov TS (2006) Colloidal particles at liquid interfaces. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
4. Buscall R, Mills PDA, Goodwin JW, Lawson DW (1988) Scaling behaviour of the rheology of aggregate networks formed from colloidal particles. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 84:4249–4260
5. Cai S, Bhushan B (2008) Meniscus and viscous forces during separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic smooth/rough surfaces with symmetric and asymmetric contact angles. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 366:1627–1647
6. Cates ME, Clegg PS (2008) Bijels: a new class of soft materials. Soft Matter 4:2132
7. Chung H, Ohno K, Fukuda T, Composto RJ (2005) Self-regulated structures in nanocomposites by directed nanoparticle assembly. Nano Lett 5:1878–1882
8. Coussot P (2005) Rheometry of pastes, suspensions, and granular materials: applications in industry and environment. Wiley
9. Cox WP, Merz EH (1958) Correlation of dynamic and steady flow viscosities. J Polym Sci 28:619–622
10. DeLeo CL, Velankar SS (2008) Morphology and rheology of compatibilized polymer blends: Diblock compatibilizers vs crosslinked reactive compatibilizers. J Rheol 52:1385–1404
11. Doraiswamy D, Mujumdar AN, Tsao I, Beris AN, Danforth SC, Metzner AB (1991) The Cox–Merz rule extended: a rheological model for concentrated suspensions and other materials with a yield stress. J Rheol 35:647–685
12. Elias L, Fenouillot F, Majeste JC, Cassagnau P (2007) Morphology and rheology of immiscible polymer blends filled with silica nanoparticles. Polymer 48:6029–6040
13. Fenouillot F, Cassagnau P, Majeste JC (2009) Uneven distribution of nanoparticles in immiscible fluids: morphology development in polymer blends. Polymer 50:1333–1350
14. Fornes TD, Yoon PJ, Keskkula H, Paul DR (2001) Nylon 6 nanocomposites: the effect of matrix molecular weight. Polymer 42:09929–09940
15. Gubbels F, Jerome R, Teyssie P, Vanlathem E, Deltour R, Calderone A, Parente V, Bredas JL (1994) Selective localization of carbon-black in immiscible polymer blends—a useful tool to design electrical conductive composites. Macromolecules 27:1972–1974
16. Heidlebaugh SJ, Domenech T, Iasella SV, Velankar SS (2014) Aggregation and separation in ternary particle/oil/water systems with fully wettable particles. Langmuir 30:63–74
17. Herzig EM, White KA, Schofield AB, Poon WCK, Clegg PS (2007) Bicontinuous emulsions stabilized solely by colloidal particles. Nat Mater 6:966–971
18. Hong JS, Namkung H, Ahn KH, Lee SJ, Kim C (2006) The role of organically modified layered silicate in the breakup and coalescence of droplets in PBT/PE blends. Polymer 47:3967–3975
19. Horozov TS, Binks BP (2006) Particle-stabilized emulsions: a bilayer or a bridging monolayer? Angew Chem Int Ed 45:773–776
20. Huitric J, Ville J, Médéric P, Moan M, Aubry T (2009) Rheological, morphological and structural properties of PE/PA/nanoclay ternary blends: effect of clay weight fraction. J Rheol 53:1101
21. Isichenko MB (1992) Percolation, statistical topography, and transport in random media. Rev Mod Phys 64:961–1043
22. Israelachvili J (1992) Intermolecular and surface forces. Academic Press, Amsterdam
23. Iveson SM, Beathe JA, Page NW (2002) The dynamic strength of partially saturated powder compacts: the effect of liquid properties. Powder Technol 127:149–161
24. Jana SC, Sau M (2004) Effects of viscosity ratio and composition on development of morphology in chaotic mixing of polymers. Polymer 45:1665–1678
25. Kim H, Abdala AA, Macosko CW (2010) Graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 43:6515–6530
26. Koos E, Willenbacher N (2011) Capillary forces in suspension rheology. Science 331:897–900
27. Koos E, Willenbacher N (2012) Particle configurations and gelation in capillary suspensions. Soft Matter 8:3988–3994
28. Koos E, Johannsmeier J, Schwebler L, Willenbacher N (2012) Tuning suspension rheology using capillary forces. Soft Matter 8:6620–6628
29. Krishnamoorti R, Giannelis EP (1997) Rheology of end-tethered polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules 30:4097–4102
30. Larson RG (1999) Structure and rheology of complex fluids. Oxford University Press, New York
31. Lee MN, Mohraz A (2010) Bicontinuous macroporous materials from bijel templates. Adv Mater 22:4836–4841
32. Lee MN, Chan HK, Mohraz A (2012) Characteristics of pickering emulsion gels formed by droplet bridging. Langmuir 28:3085–3091
33. Lertwimolnun W, Vergnes B (2005) Influence of compatibilizer and processing conditions on the dispersion of nanoclay in a polypropylene matrix. Polymer 46:3462–3471
34. Maric M, Macosko CW (2001) Improving polymer blend dispersions in mini-mixers. Polym Eng Sci 41:118–130
35. McCulfor J, Himes P, Anklam MR (2011) The effects of capillary forces on the flow properties of glass particle suspensions in mineral oil. AIChE J 57:2334–2340
36. Mewis J, Wagner NJ (2012) Colloidal suspension rheology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
37. Nagarkar SP, Velankar SS (2012) Morphology and rheology of ternary fluid-fluid-solid systems. Soft Matter 8:8464–8477
38. Nagarkar S, Velankar SS (2013) Rheology and morphology of model immiscible polymer blends with monodisperse spherical particles at the interface. J Rheol 57:901–926
39. Nazockdast E, Nazockdast H, Goharpey F (2008) Linear and nonlinear melt-state viscoelastic properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 48:1240–1249
40. Piau JM, Dorget M, Palierne JF, Pouchelon A (1999) Shear elasticity and yield stress of silica–silicone physical gels: fractal approach. J Rheol 43:305
41. Pickering SU (1907) Emulsions. Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts 91, 92:2001-2021
42. Pignon F, Magnin A, Piau J-M (1998) Thixotropic behavior of clay dispersions: combinations of scattering and rheometric techniques. J Rheol 42:1349
43. Potschke P, Paul DR (2003) Formation of co-continuous structures in melt-mixed immiscible polymer blends. J Macromol Sci Polym Rev C43:87–141
44. Potschke P, Fornes TD, Paul DR (2002) Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites. Polymer 43:3247–3255
45. Ramsden W (1903) Separation of solids in the surface-layers of solutions and ‘suspensions’ (observations on surface-membranes, bubbles, emulsions, and mechanical coagulation).—Preliminary account. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A Math Phys Eng Sci 72:156–164
46. Ray SS, Pouliot S, Bousmina M, Utracki LA (2004) Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends. Polymer 45:8403–8413
47. Rodlert M, Plummer CJG, Leterrier Y, Månson J-AE, Grünbauer HJM (2004) Rheological behavior of hyperbranched polymer/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites. J Rheol 48:1049–1065, 1978-present
48. Russel WB, Saville DA, Schowalter WR (1992) Colloidal dispersions. Cambridge University Press
49. Scott GD (1960) Packing of spheres. Nature 188:908–911
50. Si M, Araki T, Ade H, Kilcoyne ALD, Fisher R, Sokolov JC, Rafailovich MH (2006) Compatibilizing bulk polymer blends by using organoclays. Macromolecules 39:4793–4801
51. Solomon MJ, Almusallam AS, Seefeldt KF, Somwangthanaroj A, Varadan P (2001) Rheology of polypropylene/clay hybrid materials. Macromolecules 34:1864–1872
52. Stancik EJ, Fuller GG (2004) Connect the drops: using solids as adhesives for liquids. Langmuir 20:4805–4808
53. Sundararaj U, Macosko CW (1995) Drop breakup and coalescence in polymer blends: the effects of concentration and compatibilization. Macromolecules 28:2647–2657
54. Sundararaj U, Dori Y, Macosko CW (1995) Sheet formation in immiscible polymer blends—model experiments on initial blend morphology. Polymer 36:1957–1968
55. Thareja P, Velankar SS (2007) Particle-induced bridging in immiscible polymer blends. Rheol Acta 46:405–412
56. Thareja P, Moritz K, Velankar SS (2010) Interfacially active particles in droplet/matrix blends of model immiscible homopolymers: particles can increase or decrease drop size. Rheol Acta 49:285–298
57. Van Puyvelde P, Velankar S, Moldenaers P (2001) Rheology and morphology of compatibilized polymer blends. Curr Opin Colloid Interf Sci 6:457–463
58. Vankao S, Nielsen LE, Hill CT (1975) Rheology of concentrated suspensions of spheres. 2. Suspensions agglomerated by an immiscible 2nd liquid. J Colloid Interface Sci 53:367–373
59. Vermant J, Cioccolo G, Nair KG, Moldenaers P (2004) Coalescence suppression in model immiscible polymer blends by nano-sized colloidal particles. Rheol Acta 43:529–538
60. Vermant J, Vandebril S, Dewitte C, Moldenaers P (2008) Particle-stabilized polymer blends. Rheol Acta 47:835–839
61. Vinckier I, Laun HM (1999) Manifestation of phase separation processes in oscillatory shear: droplet-matrix systems versus co-continuous morphologies. Rheol Acta 38:274–286
62. Vinckier I, Laun HM (2001) Assessment of the Doi-Ohta theory for co-continuous blends under oscillatory flow. J Rheol 45:1373–1385
63. Witt JA, Mumm DR, Mohraz A (2013) Bijel reinforcement by droplet bridging: a route to bicontinuous materials with large domains. Soft Matter 9:6773