Cognitive reserve and the risk for Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study

Neurobiology of Aging

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 592-600

  Serra, Laura ^a   Musicco, Massimo ^b   Cercignani, Mara ^a,c   Torso, Mario ^a   Spanò, Barbara ^a   Mastropasqua, Chiara ^a   Giulietti, Giovanni ^a   Marra, Camillo ^d   Bruno, Giuseppe ^e   Koch, Giacomo ^a,f   Caltagirone, Carlo ^a,f   Bozzali, Marco ^a  

^a IRCCS FONDAZIONE SANTA LUCIA   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^d CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^e SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

A MCI; AD; Cognitive reserve; MTA; Relative risk; White matter lesions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAIN ATROPHY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITIVE RESERVE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SURVIVAL; WHITE MATTER LESION; ATROPHY; BRAIN; COGNITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; FOLLOW UP; FORECASTING; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK; TEMPORAL LOBE; TIME; WHITE MATTER;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATROPHY; BRAIN; COGNITION; COHORT STUDIES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROGNOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK; TEMPORAL LOBE; TIME FACTORS; WHITE MATTER;

EID: 84922792526     PISSN: 01974580     EISSN: 15581497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.010     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000, APA, American, Psychiatric, Association, Text Revision, Edizione Italiana: Masson, Milano. fourth ed.
2. Benitez A., Fieremans E., Jensen J.H., Falangola M.F., Tabesh A., Ferris S.H., Helpern J.A. White matter tract integrity metrics reflect the vulnerability of late-myelinating tracts in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin. 2013, 4:64-71.
3. Braak H., Braak E. Evolution of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 1996, 165:3-12.
4. Brickman A.M., Siedlecki K.L., Muraskin J., Manly J.J., Luchsinger J.A., Yeung L.K., Brown T.R., DeCarli C., Stern Y. White matter hyperintensities and cognition: testing the reserve hypothesis. Neurobiol. Aging 2011, 32:1588-1598.
5. Büsch D., Hagemann N., Bender N. The dimensionality of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory: an analysis with models of the item response theory. Laterality 2010, 15:610-628.
6. Carlesimo G.A., Caltagirone C., Gainotti G. The Mental Deterioration Battery: normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment. The group for the standardization of the Mental Deterioration Battery. Eur. Neurol. 1996, 36:378-384.
7. Corbett F., Jefferies E., Burns A., Ralph M.A. Unpicking the semantic impairment in Alzheimer's disease: qualitative changes with disease severity. Behav. Neurol. 2012, 25:23-34.
8. Douaud G., Menke R.A., Gass A., Monsch A.U., Rao A., Whitcher B., Zamboni G., Matthews P.M., Sollberger M., Smith S. Brain microstructure reveals early abnormalities more than two years prior to clinical progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. J.Neurosci. 2013, 33:2147-2155.
9. Dufouil C., Alpérovitch A., Tzourio C. Influence of education on the relationship between white matter lesions and cognition. Neurology 2003, 60:831-836.
10. Elias M.F., Beiser A., Wolf P.A., Au R., White R.F., D'Agostino R.B. The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort. Arch. Neurol. 2000, 57:808-813.
11. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J.Psychiatr. Res. 1975, 12:189-198.
12. Fratiglioni L., Wang H.X. Brain reserve hypothesis in dementia. J.Alzheimers Dis. 2007, 12:11-22.
13. Garibotto V., Borroni B., Kalbe E., Herholz K., Salmon E., Holtoff V., Sorbi S., Cappa S.F., Padovani A., Fazio F., Perani D. Education and occupation as proxies for reserve in aMCI converters and AD: FDG-PET evidence. Neurology 2008, 71:1342-1349.
14. Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Related Methods 2006, Chapman & Hall/CRC, London. M. Greenacre, J. Blasius (Eds.).
15. Guilford J.P. Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education 1965, McGraw-Hill, New York. fourth ed.
16. Hachinski V.C., Iliff L.D., Zilhka E., Du Boulay G.H., McAllister V.L., Marshall J., Russell R.W., Symon L. Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Arch. Neurol. 1975, 32:632-637.
17. Hoeft F., Barnea-Goraly N., Haas B.W., Golarai G., Ng D., Mills D., Korenberg J., Bellugi U., Galaburda A., Reiss A.L. More is not always better: increased fractional anisotropy of superior longitudinal fasciculus associated with poor visuospatial abilities in Williams syndrome. J.Neurosci. 2007, 27:11960-11965.
18. Hughes C.P., Berg L., Danziger W.L., Coben L.A., Martin R.L. Anew clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br. J. Psychiatry 1982, 140:566-572.
19. Joubert S., Brambati S.M., Ansado J., Barbeau E.J., Felician O., Didic M., Lacombe J., Goldstein R., Chayer C., Kergoat M.J. The cognitive and neural expression of semantic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 2010, 48:978-988.
20. Kelley K., Maxwell S.E. Sample size for multiple regression: obtaining regression coefficient that are accurate, not simply significant. Psychol. Methods 2003, 8:305-321.
21. Koepsell T.D., Kurland B.F., Harel O., Johnson E.A., Zhou X.H., Kukull W.A. Education, cognitive function, and severity of neuropathology in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2008, 70:1732-1739.
22. Lekeu F., Magis D., Marique P., Delbeuck X., Bechet S., Guillaume B., Adam S., Petermans J., Moonen G., Salmon E. The California Verbal Learning Testand other standard clinical neuropsychological tests to predict conversion from mild memory impairment to dementia. J.Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 2010, 32:164-173.
23. Lonie J.A., Parra-Rodriguez M.A., Tierney K.M., Herrmann L.L., Donaghey C., O'Carroll R.E., Ebmeier K.P. Predicting outcome in mild cognitive impairment: 4-year follow-up study. Br. J. Psychiatry 2010, 197:135-140.
24. Magni E., Binetti G., Padovani A., Cappa S.F., Bianchetti A., Trabucchi M. The Mini-Mental State Examination in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Int. Psychogeriatr. 1996, 8:127-134.
25. Makris N., Kennedy D.N., McInerney S., Sorensen A.G., Wang R., Caviness V.S., Pandya D.N. Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, invivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb. Cortex 2005, 15:854-869.
26. Mandonnet E., Nouet A., Gatignol P., Capelle L., Duffau H. Does the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus play a role in language? A brain stimulation study. Brain 2007, 130:623-629.
27. Martino J., Brogna C., Robles S.G., Vergani F., Duffau H. Anatomic dissection of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus revisited in the lights of brain stimulation data. Cortex 2010, 46:691-699.
28. McKhann G., Drachman D., Folstein M., Katzman R., Price D., Stadlan E.M. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984, 34:939-944.
29. Miceli G., Laudanna A., Burani C., Capasso R. Batteria per l'analisi dei deficit afasici 1991, Ass.ne per lo sviluppo delle ricerche neuropsicologiche. Berdata, Milano.
30. Nelson P.T., Braak H., Markesbery W.R. Neuropathology and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease: a complex but coherent relationship. J.Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2009, 68:1-14.
31. Nichol K., Deeny S.P., Seif J., Camaclang K., Cotman C.W. Exercise improves cognition and hippocampal plasticity in APOE epsilon4 mice. Alzheimers. Dement. 2009, 5:287-294.
32. Nocentini U., Di Vincenzo S., Panella M., Pasqualetti P., Caltagirone C. La valutazione delle funzioni esecutive nella pratica neuropsicologica: dal Modified Card Sorting Test al Modified Card Sorting Test-Roma Version. Dati di standardizzazione. Nuova Rivista di Neurologia 2002, 12:14-24.
33. O'Bryant S.E., Humphreys J.D., Smith G.E., Ivnik R.J., Graff-Radford N.R., Petersen R.C., Lucas J.A. Detecting dementia with the mini-mental state examination in highly educated individuals. Arch. Neurol. 2008, 65:963-967.
34. O'Dwyer L., Lamberton F., Bokde A.L., Ewers M., Faluyi Y.O., Tanner C., Mazoyer B., O'Neill D., Bartley M., Collins D.R., Coughlan T., Prvulovic D., Hampel H. Using diffusion tensor imaging and mixed-effects models to investigate primary and secondary white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J.Alzheimers Dis. 2011, 26:667-682.
35. Orsini A., Grossi D., Capitani E., Laiacona M., Papagno C., Vallar G. Verbal and spatial immediate memory span: normative data from 1355 adults and 1112 children. Ital. J. Neurol. Sci. 1987, 8:539-548.
36. Perri R., Carlesimo G.A., Serra L., Caltagirone C. When the amnestic mild cognitive impairment disappears: characterisation of the memory profile. Cogn. Behav. Neurol. 2009, 22:109-116. Early Diagnosis Group of the Italian Interdisciplinary Network on Alzheimer's Disease.
37. Petersen R.C., Caracciolo B., Brayne C., Gauthier S., Jelic V., Fratiglioni L. Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution. J.Intern. Med. 2014, 275:214-228.
38. Petrosini L., De Bartolo P., Foti F., Gelfo F., Cutuli D., Leggio M.G., Mandolesi L. On whether the environmental enrichment may provide cognitive and brain reserves. Brain Res. Rev. 2009, 61:221-239.
39. Roe C.M., Xiong C., Grant E., Miller J.P., Morris J.C. Education and reported onset of symptoms among individuals with Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 2008, 65:108-111.
40. Scheltens P., Launer L.J., Barkhof F., Weinstein H.C., van Gool W.A. Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging: interobserver reliability. J.Neurol. 1995, 242:557-560.
41. Serra L., Cercignani M., Petrosini L., Basile B., Perri R., Fadda L., Spanò B., Marra C., Giubilei F., Carlesimo G.A., Caltagirone C., Bozzali M. Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer disease. Rejuvenation Res. 2011, 14:143-151.
42. Serra L., Giulietti G., Cercignani M., Spanò B., Torso M., Castelli D., Perri R., Fadda L., Marra C., Caltagirone C., Bozzali M. Mild cognitive impairment: same identity for different entities. J.Alzheimers Dis. 2013, 33:1157-1165.
43. Small B.J., Fratiglioni L., Viitanen M., Winblad B., Backman L. The course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease: three- and 6-year follow-up of a population-based sample. Arch. Neurol. 2000, 57:839-844.
44. Spering C.C., Hobson V., Lucas J.A., Menon C.V., Hall J.R., O'Bryant S.E. Diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE in detecting probable and possible Alzheimer's disease in ethnically diverse highly educated individuals: an analysis of the NACC database. J.Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2012, 67:890-896.
45. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:2015-2028.
46. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2012, 11:1006-1012.
47. Sumowski J.F., Leavitt V.M. Cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2013, 19:1122-1127.
48. Sumowski J.F., Wylie G.R., Gonnella A., Chiaravalloti N., De Luca J. Premorbid cognitive leisure independently contributes to cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2010, 75:1428-1431.
49. Wahlund L.O., Barkhof F., Fazekas F., Bronge L., Augustin M., Sjögren M., Wallin A., Ader H., Leys D., Pantoni L., Pasquier F., Erkinjuntti T., Scheltens P. Anew rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke 2001, 32:1318-1322. European Task Force on Age-Related White Matter Changes.