메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 23-34

Unpicking the semantic impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Qualitative changes with disease severity

Author keywords

access; Alzheimer's disease; semantic; severity; storage

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATTENTION; CINGULATE GYRUS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; KNOWLEDGE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS CONTROL; SEMANTIC MEMORY; SEMANTICS; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 84855250480     PISSN: 09534180     EISSN: 18758584     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/BEN-2012-0346     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (23)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 33747891708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A case-series comparison
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awl153
    • E. Jefferies and M.A. Lambon Ralph, Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: a case-series comparison, Brain 129 (2006), 2132-2147. (Pubitemid 44289077)
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.8 , pp. 2132-2147
    • Jefferies, E.1    Lambon Ralph, M.A.2
  • 2
    • 71549138118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qualitatively different conceptual impairments in semantic dementia and semantic aphasia: Converging evidence from the non-verbal domain
    • F. Corbett et al., Qualitatively different conceptual impairments in semantic dementia and semantic aphasia: Converging evidence from the non-verbal domain, Brain 132 (2009), 2593-2608.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2593-2608
    • Corbett, F.1
  • 3
    • 77952501142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating the nature of deregulated semantic cognition in semantic aphasia: Evidence for the roles of prefrontal and temporoparietal cortices
    • K.A. Noonan et al., Elucidating the nature of deregulated semantic cognition in semantic aphasia: Evidence for the roles of prefrontal and temporoparietal cortices, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22 (2010), 1597-1613.
    • (2010) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.22 , pp. 1597-1613
    • Noonan, K.A.1
  • 4
    • 34249676175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural basis of category-specific semantic deficits for living things: Evidence from semantic dementia, HSVE and a neural network model
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awm025
    • M.A. Lambon Ralph, C. Lowe and T.T. Rogers,Neural basis of category-specific semantic deficits for living things: evidence from semantic dementia, HSVE and a neural network model, Brain 130 (2007), 1127-1137. (Pubitemid 47355601)
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 1127-1137
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1    Lowe, C.2    Rogers, T.T.3
  • 5
    • 44249095470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.02.002, PII S0010945207001050
    • S. Ahmed et al., Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment, Cortex 44 (2008), 746-752. (Pubitemid 351727860)
    • (2008) Cortex , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 746-752
    • Ahmed, S.1    Arnold, R.2    Thompson, S.A.3    Graham, K.S.4    Hodges, J.R.5
  • 6
    • 33646707280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cognitive deficits and conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A very-long-term follow-up study
    • DOI 10.1159/000092534
    • J.R. Hodges, S. Erzinclioglu and K. Patterson, Evolution of cognitive deficits and conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Avery-long-term follow-up study, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 21 (2006), 380-391. (Pubitemid 43735683)
    • (2006) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 380-391
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Erzinclioglu, S.2    Patterson, K.3
  • 7
    • 0028961974 scopus 로고
    • Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer's disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications
    • J.R. Hodges and K. Patterson, Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer's disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications, Neuropsychologia 33 (1995), 441-459.
    • (1995) Neuropsychologia , vol.33 , pp. 441-459
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Patterson, K.2
  • 8
    • 0026710158 scopus 로고
    • Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Failure of access or degraded knowledge?
    • J.R. Hodges, D.P. Salmon and N. Butters, Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Failure of access or degraded knowledge? Neuropsychologia 30 (1992), 301-314.
    • (1992) Neuropsychologia , vol.30 , pp. 301-314
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Salmon, D.P.2    Butters, N.3
  • 9
    • 14844334950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantic feature knowledge and picture naming in dementia of Alzheimer's type: A new approach
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.003
    • P.Garrard et al., Semantic feature knowledge and picture naming in dementia of Alzheimer's type: A new approach, Brain and Language 93 (2005), 79-94. (Pubitemid 40342723)
    • (2005) Brain and Language , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-94
    • Garrard, P.1    Lambon Ralph, M.A.2    Patterson, K.3    Pratt, K.H.4    Hodges, J.R.5
  • 10
    • 0005503567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naming and knowing in dementia of Alzheimer's type
    • DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0077
    • J.R. Hodges et al., Naming and knowing in dementia of Alzheimer's type, Brain and Language 54 (1996), 302-325. (Pubitemid 26269885)
    • (1996) Brain and Language , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 302-325
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Patterson, K.2    Graham, N.3    Dawson, K.4
  • 11
    • 0027301869 scopus 로고
    • Recognition and naming of famous faces in Alzheimer's disease: A cognitive analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(93)90128-M
    • J.R. Hodges, D.P. Salmon and N. Butters, Recognition and naming of famous faces in Alzheimer's disease: A cognitive analysis, Neuropsychologia 31 (1993), 775-788. (Pubitemid 23256279)
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 775-788
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Salmon, D.P.2    Butters, N.3
  • 12
    • 0025264187 scopus 로고
    • Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimer's type. What do various measures measure?
    • H. Chertkow and D. Bub, Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimers type-What do various measures measure? Brain 113 (1990), 397-417. (Pubitemid 20136149)
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 397-417
    • Chertkow, H.1    Bub, D.2
  • 13
    • 0000390957 scopus 로고
    • Constraining theories of semantic memory processing-evidence from dementia
    • H. Chertkow, D. Bub and D. Caplan, Constraining Theories of Semantic Memory Processing-Evidence from Dementia, Cognitive Neuropsychology 9 (1992), 327-365.
    • (1992) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.9 , pp. 327-365
    • Chertkow, H.1    Bub, D.2    Caplan, D.3
  • 14
    • 0030219460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentence context influences the interpretation of word meaning by Alzheimer patients
    • DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0073
    • R. Nebes and E.M. Halligan, Sentence context influences the interpretation of word meaning by Alzheimer patients, Brain and Language 54 (1996), 233-245. (Pubitemid 26269881)
    • (1996) Brain and Language , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-245
    • Nebes, R.D.1    Halligan, E.M.2
  • 15
    • 0029550357 scopus 로고
    • Contextual constraint facilitates semantic decisions about object pictures by Alzheimer patients
    • DOI 10.1037/0882-7974.10.4.590
    • R. Nebes and E.M. Halligan, Contextual constraint facilitates semantic decisions about object pictures by Alzheimer patients, Psychology and Aging 10 (1995), 590-596. (Pubitemid 26113155)
    • (1995) Psychology and Aging , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 590-596
    • Nebes, R.D.1    Halligan, E.M.2
  • 16
    • 0024759180 scopus 로고
    • Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease
    • R. Nebes, Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease, Psychological bulletin 106 (1989), 377-394.
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 377-394
    • Nebes, R.1
  • 17
    • 0026018040 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease effects on semantic memory: Loss of structure or impaired processing?
    • K. Bayles, Alzheimer's disease effects on semantic memory: Loss of structure or impaired processing? Journal of cognitive neuroscience 3 (1991), 166-182.
    • (1991) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 166-182
    • Bayles, K.1
  • 19
    • 33847700506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct patterns of olfactory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and corticobasal degeneration
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.008, PII S0028393206005057
    • S. Luzzi et al., Distinct patterns of olfactory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and corticobasal degeneration, Neuropsychologia 45 (2007), 1823-1831. (Pubitemid 46386110)
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1823-1831
    • Luzzi, S.1    Snowden, J.S.2    Neary, D.3    Coccia, M.4    Provinciali, L.5    Lambon Ralph, M.A.6
  • 20
    • 4344567888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantic memory is an amodal, dynamic system: Evidence from the interaction of naming and object use in semantic dementia
    • DOI 10.1080/02643290342000113
    • M. Coccia et al., Semantic memory is an amodal, dynamic system: Evidence from the interaction of naming and object use in semantic dementia, Cognitive Neuropsychology 21 (2004), 513-527. (Pubitemid 39136878)
    • (2004) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-527
    • Coccia, M.1    Bartolini, M.2    Luzzi, S.3    Provinciali, L.4    Lambon Ralph, M.A.5
  • 22
    • 0345596444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naming in semantic dementia: What matters?
    • M.A. Lambon Ralphet al., Naming in semantic dementia: what matters? Neuropsychologia 36 (1998), 775-784.
    • (1998) Neuropsychologia , vol.36 , pp. 775-784
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1
  • 23
    • 0042050835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is a picture worth a thousand words? Evidence from concept definitions by patients with semantic dementia
    • M.A. Lambon Ralph et al., Is a picture worth a thousand words? Evidence from concept definitions by patients with semantic dementia, Brain and Language 70 (1999), 309-335.
    • (1999) Brain and Language , vol.70 , pp. 309-335
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1
  • 24
    • 0033962380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A voxel-based morphometry study of semantic dementia: Relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and semantic memory
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200001)47:1<36::AID-ANA8>3.0.CO;2-L
    • C.J. Mummery et al., A voxel-based morphometry study of semantic dementia: Relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and semantic memory, Annals of Neurology 47 (2000), 36-45. (Pubitemid 30033648)
    • (2000) Annals of Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-45
    • Mummery, C.J.1    Patterson, K.2    Price, C.J.3    Ashburner, J.4    Frackowiak, R.S.J.5    Hodges, J.R.6
  • 25
    • 0000021167 scopus 로고
    • Semantic dementia: A form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy
    • J.S. Snowden, P.J. Goulding and D. Neary, Semantic dementia: A form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy, Behavioural Neurology 2 (1989), 167-182.
    • (1989) Behavioural Neurology , vol.2 , pp. 167-182
    • Snowden, J.S.1    Goulding, P.J.2    Neary, D.3
  • 26
    • 0038105126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of synaptic depression following brain damage: A connectionist account of "access/refractory" and "degraded-store" semantic impairments
    • S.J. Gotts and D.C. Plaut, The impact of synaptic depression following brain damage: A connectionist account of "access/refractory" and "degraded-store" semantic impairments, Cognitive, Affective & Behavioural Neuroscience 2 (2002), 187-213. (Pubitemid 38392466)
    • (2002) Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-213
    • Gotts, S.J.1    Plaut, D.C.2
  • 27
    • 0021083949 scopus 로고
    • Category specific access dysphasia
    • E.K.Warrington and R.A.McCarthy, Category specific access dysphasia, Brain 106 (1983), 859-878. (Pubitemid 14245087)
    • (1983) Brain , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 859-878
    • Warrington, E.K.1    McCarthy, R.2
  • 28
    • 0029892005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Word comprehension: The distinction between refractory and storage impairments
    • E.K. Warrington and L. Cipolotti, Word comprehension: The distinction between refractory and storage impairments, Brain 119 (1996), 611-625.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 611-625
    • Warrington, E.K.1    Cipolotti, L.2
  • 29
    • 78049468635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking both sides: Do unilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions disrupt semantic memory?
    • M.A. Lambon Ralph et al., Taking both sides: do unilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions disrupt semantic memory? Brain 133 (2010), 3243-3255.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 3243-3255
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1
  • 30
    • 67651124885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual knowledge is underpinned by the temporal pole bilaterally: Convergent evidence from rTMS
    • M.A. Lambon Ralph, G. Pobric and E. Jefferies, Conceptual Knowledge Is Underpinned by the Temporal Pole Bilaterally: Convergent Evidence from rTMS, Cereb Cortex 19 (2009), 832-838.
    • (2009) Cereb Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 832-838
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1    Pobric, G.2    Jefferies, E.3
  • 31
    • 77249137228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent concepts are computed in the anterior temporal lobes
    • M.A. Lambon Ralph et al., Coherent concepts are computed in the anterior temporal lobes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (2010), 2717-2722.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , pp. 2717-2722
    • Lambon Ralph, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 77953138771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Category-specific versus category-general semantic impairment induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • G. Pobric, E. Jefferies and M.A. Lambon Ralph, Category-Specific versus Category-General Semantic Impairment Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Current Biology 20 (2010), 964-968.
    • (2010) Current Biology , vol.20 , pp. 964-968
    • Pobric, G.1    Jefferies, E.2    Lambon Ralph, M.A.3
  • 33
    • 84872462951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural organization of semantic control: TMS evidence for a distributed network in left inferior frontal and posterior middle temporal gyrus
    • C. Whitney et al., The Neural Organization of Semantic Control: TMS Evidence for a Distributed Network in Left Inferior Frontal and Posterior Middle Temporal Gyrus, Cerebral Cortex Online early-view (2010).
    • (2010) Cerebral Cortex Online Early-view
    • Whitney, C.1
  • 34
    • 68949221655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies
    • J.R. Binder et al., Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies, Cerebral Cortex 19 (2009), 2767-2796.
    • (2009) Cerebral Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 2767-2796
    • Binder, J.R.1
  • 35
    • 0029022728 scopus 로고
    • Memory disorders in probable Alzheimer's disease: The role of hippocampal atrophy as shown with MRI
    • B. Deweer et al., Memory disorders in probable Alzheimer's disease: the role of hippocampal atrophy as shown with MRI, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 58 (1995), 590-597.
    • (1995) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 590-597
    • Deweer, B.1
  • 36
    • 0030451306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presymptomatic hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI study
    • N.C. Fox et al., Presymptomatic hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI study, Brain 119 (1996), 2001-2007.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 2001-2007
    • Fox, N.C.1
  • 38
    • 0042837944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limbic hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.10669
    • P.J. Nestor et al., Limbic hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, Annals of Neurology 54 (2003), 343-351. (Pubitemid 37072036)
    • (2003) Annals of Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-351
    • Nestor, P.J.1    Fryer, T.D.2    Smielewski, P.3    Hodges, J.R.4
  • 39
    • 33645750137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declarative memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia
    • P.J. Nestor, T.D. Fryer and J.R. Hodges, Declarative memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia, Neuroimage 30 (2006), 1010-1020.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.30 , pp. 1010-1020
    • Nestor, P.J.1    Fryer, T.D.2    Hodges, J.R.3
  • 42
    • 0033048997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. A critical review
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/122.3.383
    • R.J. Perry and J.R. Hodges, Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease-A critical review, Brain 122 (1999), 383-404. (Pubitemid 29110515)
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-404
    • Perry, R.J.1    Hodges, J.R.2
  • 44
    • 0033991494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and staging of attention dysfunction in early (minimal and mild) Alzheimer's disease: Relationship to episodic and semantic memory impairment
    • R.J. Perry, P. Watson and J.R. Hodges, The nature and staging of attention dysfunction in early (minimal and mild) Alzheimer's disease: relationship to episodic and semantic memory impairment, Neuropsychologia 38 (2000), 252-271.
    • (2000) Neuropsychologia , vol.38 , pp. 252-271
    • Perry, R.J.1    Watson, P.2    Hodges, J.R.3
  • 45
    • 33846245605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inefficient response inhibition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.003, PII S0028393206004271
    • S.A.Wylie et al., Inefficient response inhibition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Neuropsychologia 45 (2007), 1408-1419. (Pubitemid 46097001)
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 1408-1419
    • Wylie, S.A.1    Ridderinkhof, K.R.2    Eckerle, M.K.3    Manning, C.A.4
  • 46
    • 0029013727 scopus 로고
    • Staging of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
    • H. Braak and E. Braak, Staging of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes, Neurobiology of Aging 16 (1995), 271-278.
    • (1995) Neurobiology of Aging , vol.16 , pp. 271-278
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 48
    • 69949101455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an MRI rating scale for multiple brain regions: Comparison with volumetrics and with voxel-based morphometry
    • R. Davies et al., Development of an MRI rating scale for multiple brain regions: comparison with volumetrics and with voxel-based morphometry, Neuroradiology 51 (2009), 491-503.
    • (2009) Neuroradiology , vol.51 , pp. 491-503
    • Davies, R.1
  • 49
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician
    • M.F. Folstein, S.E. Folstein and P.R. McHugh, "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician, Journal of Psychiatric Research 12 (1976), 189-198.
    • (1976) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 51
    • 0027054098 scopus 로고
    • Semantic dementia. Progressive fluent aphasia with temporal lobe atrophy
    • J.R. Hodges et al., Semantic Dementia: Progressive fluent aphasia with temporal-lobe atrophy, Brain 115 (1992), 1783-1806. (Pubitemid 23054865)
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , Issue.6 , pp. 1783-1806
    • Hodges, J.R.1    Patterson, K.2    Oxbury, S.3    Funnell, E.4
  • 53
    • 0033976097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00093-7, PII S0028393299000937
    • D.T. Stuss et al., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes, Neuropsychologia 38 (2000), 388-402. (Pubitemid 30101546)
    • (2000) Neuropsychologia , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 388-402
    • Stuss, D.T.1    Levine, B.2    Alexander, M.P.3    Hong, J.4    Palumbo, C.5    Hamer, L.6    Murphy, K.J.7    Izukawa, D.8
  • 57
    • 0018991099 scopus 로고
    • Standardized Set of 260 Pictures-Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity
    • J.G. Snodgrass and M. Vanderwart, Standardized Set of 260 Pictures-Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Learning andMemory 6 (1980), 174-215.
    • (1980) Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Learning AndMemory , vol.6 , pp. 174-215
    • Snodgrass, J.G.1    Vanderwart, M.2
  • 58
    • 38749130436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficits of knowledge versus executive control in semantic cognition: Insights from cued naming
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.007, PII S0028393207003272
    • E. Jefferies, K. Patterson and M.A. Lambon Ralph, Deficits of knowledge versus executive control in semantic cognition: Insights from cued naming, Neuropsychologia 46 (2008), 649-658. (Pubitemid 351186558)
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 649-658
    • Jefferies, E.1    Patterson, K.2    Ralph, M.A.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.