Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical axis function in attention-Deficit hyperactivity disorder

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

Volumn 9, Issue , 2012, Pages 93-111

  Fairchild, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ADHD; Cortisol; Disruptive behavior disorder; Neuroendocrinology; Stress

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE;

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ETHICS; HORMONE ACTION; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER; PARAVENTRICULAR THALAMIC NUCLEUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALIVA LEVEL; WAKEFULNESS; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; ETIOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; MENTAL STRESS; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84922480224     PISSN: 18663370     EISSN: 18663389     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_101     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Barkley RA (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 121:65-94
2. Bartels M, Van den Berg M, Sluyter F, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ (2003) Heritability of cortisol levels: review and simultaneous analysis of twin studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28:121-137
3. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC (2002) Differential effect of environmental adversity by gender: Rutter's index of adversity in a group of boys and girls with and without ADHD. Am J Psychiatry 159:1556-1562
4. Blomqvist M, Holmberg K, Lindblad F, Fernell E, Ek U, Dahllof G (2007) Salivary cortisol levels and dental anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 115:1-6
5. Broderick JE, Arnold D, Kudielka BM, Kirschbaum C (2004) Salivary cortisol sampling compliance: comparison of patients and healthy volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:636-650
6. Burke HM, Davis MC, Otte C, Mohr DC (2005) Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:846-856
7. Carpenter LL, Carvalho JP, Tyrka AR, Wier LM, Mello AF, Mello MF et al (2007) Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to stress in healthy adults reporting significant childhood maltreatment. Biol Psychiatry 62:1080-1087
8. Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR, Ross NS, Khoury L, Anderson GM, Price LH (2009) Effect of childhood emotional abuse and age on cortisol responsivity in adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 66:69-75
9. Cleare AJ (2003) The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Endocr Rev 24:236-252
10. Clow A, Thorn L, Evans P, Hucklebridge F (2004) The awakening cortisol response: methodological issues and significance. Stress 7:29-37
11. Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Stalder T, Evans P, Thorn L (2010) The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:97-103
12. de Quervain DJ, Aerni A, Schelling G, Roozendaal B (2009) Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory in health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 30:358-370
13. Deuschle M, Schweiger U, Weber B, Gotthardt U, Korner A, Schmider J et al (1997) Diurnal activity and pulsatility of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in male depressed patients and healthy controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:234-238
14. Diamond A (2005) Attention-deficit disorder (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without hyperactivity): a neurobiologically and behaviorally distinct disorder from attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity). Dev Psychopathol 17:807-825
15. Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME (2004) Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol Bull 130:355-391
16. Elzinga BM, Roelofs K, Tollenaar MS, Bakvis P, van Pelt J, Spinhoven P (2008) Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:227-237
17. Entringer S, Kumsta R, Hellhammer DH, Wadhwa PD, Wust S (2009) Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial stress and HPA axis regulation in young adults. Horm Behav 55:292-298
18. Fairchild G, van Goozen SH, Stollery SJ, Brown J, Gardiner J, Herbert J et al (2008) Cortisol diurnal rhythm and stress reactivity in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder. Biol Psychiatry 64:599-606
19. Foley P, Kirschbaum C (2010) Human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to acute psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35(1):91-96
20. Freitag CM, Hanig S, Palmason H, Meyer J, Wust S, Seitz C (2009) Cortisol awakening response in healthy children and children with ADHD: impact of comorbid disorders and psychosocial risk factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:1019-1028
21. Glover V, O'Connor TG, O'Donnell K (2010) Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:17-22
22. Gray JA (1982) The neuropsychology of anxiety: an enquiry into the functions of the septohippocampal system. Oxford University Press, Oxford
23. Gunnar MR, Talge NM, Herrera A (2009) Stressor paradigms in developmental studies: what does and does not work to produce mean increases in salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:953-967
24. Hastings PD, Fortier I, Utendale WT, Simard LR, Robaey P (2009) Adrenocortical functioning in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: examining subtypes of ADHD and associated comorbid conditions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 37:565-578
25. Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH (2000a) The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:1-35
26. Heim C, Newport DJ, Heit S, Graham YP, Wilcox M, Bonsall R et al (2000b) Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. J Am Med Assoc 284:592-597
27. Herbert J, Goodyer IM, Grossman AB, Hastings MH, de Kloet ER, Lightman SL et al (2006) Do corticosteroids damage the brain? J Neuroendocrinol 18:393-411
28. Herman JP, Cullinan WE (1997) Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamopituitary- adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci 20:78-84
29. Hirvikoski T, Lindholm T, Nordenstrom A, Nordstrom AL, Lajic S (2009) High self-perceived stress and many stressors, but normal diurnal cortisol rhythm, in adults with ADHD (attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder). Horm Behav 55:418-424
30. Holsboer F (2000) The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 23:477-501
31. Huizink AC, Bartels M, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Eriksson CJ, Kaprio J (2008) Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and hormone levels in adolescent offspring. J Epidemiol Community Health 62:e5
32. Kalin NH, Takahashi LK (1990) Fear-motivated behavior induced by prior shock experience is mediated by corticotropin-releasing hormone systems. Brain Res 509:80-84
33. Kalin NH, Shelton SE, Barksdale CM (1989) Behavioral and physiologic effects of CRH administered to infant primates undergoing maternal separation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2:97-104
34. Kaneko M, Hoshino Y, Hashimoto S, Okano T, Kumashiro H (1993) Hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 23:59-65
35. Kapoor A, Dunn E, Kostaki A, Andrews MH, Matthews SG (2006) Fetal programming of hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal function: prenatal stress and glucocorticoids. J Physiol 572:31-44
36. Kariyawasam SH, Zaw F, Handley SL (2002) Reduced salivary cortisol in children with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Neuroendocrinol Lett 23:45-48
37. King JA, Barkley RA, Barrett S (1998) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the stress response. Biol Psychiatry 44:72-74
38. Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH (1993) The 'Trier Social Stress Test'-a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology 28:76-81
39. Klimes-Dougan B, Hastings PD, Granger DA, Usher BA, Zahn-Waxler C (2001) Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges. Dev Psychopathol 13:695-719
40. Kudielka BM, Schommer NC, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C (2004) Acute HPA axis responses, heart rate, and mood changes to psychosocial stress (TSST) in humans at different times of day. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:983-992
41. Lackschewitz H, Huther G, Kroner-Herwig B (2008) Physiological and psychological stress responses in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:612-624
42. Luby JL, Heffelfinger A, Mrakotsky C, Brown K, Hessler M, Spitznagel E (2003) Alterations in stress cortisol reactivity in depressed preschoolers relative to psychiatric and no-disorder comparison groups. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:1248-1255
43. Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C (2009) Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:434-445
44. Netherton C, Goodyer I, Tamplin A, Herbert J (2004) Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to puberty and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29:125-140
45. O'Connor TG, Heron J, Golding J, Glover V (2003) Maternal antenatal anxiety and behavioural/ emotional problems in children: a test of a programming hypothesis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 44:1025-1036
46. O'Connor TG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Heron J, Golding J, Adams D, Glover V (2005) Prenatal anxiety predicts individual differences in cortisol in pre-adolescent children. Biol Psychiatry 58:211-217
47. Oskis A, Loveday C, Hucklebridge F, Thorn L, Clow A (2009) Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol across the adolescent period in healthy females. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:307-316
48. Popma A, Jansen LM, Vermeiren R, Steiner H, Raine A, Van Goozen SH et al (2006) Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and autonomic activity during stress in delinquent male adolescents and controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:948-957
49. Pruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, Buske-Kirschbaum A, von Auer K, Jobst S et al (1997) Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sci 61:2539-2549
50. Quay HC (1997) Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 25:7-13
51. Randazzo WT, Dockray S, Susman EJ (2008) The stress response in adolescents with inattentive type ADHD symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 39:27-38
52. Roozendaal B (2000) 1999 Curt P. Richter award. Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:213-238
53. Rosmalen JG, Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J, de Winter AF, Buitelaar JK, Verhulst FC (2005) Determinants of salivary cortisol levels in 10-12 year old children; a population-based study of individual differences. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:483-495
54. Snoek H, Van Goozen SH, Matthys W, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H (2004) Stress responsivity in children with externalizing behavior disorders. Dev Psychopathol 16:389-406
55. Sondeijker FE, Ferdinand RF, Oldehinkel AJ, Veenstra R, Tiemeier H, Ormel J et al (2007) Disruptive behaviors and HPA-axis activity in young adolescent boys and girls from the general population. J Psychiatr Res 41:570-578
56. Swiergiel AH, Takahashi LK, Kalin NH (1993) Attenuation of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central amygdala in the rat. Brain Res 623:229-234
57. van de Wiel NM, van Goozen SH, Matthys W, Snoek H, van Engeland H (2004) Cortisol and treatment effect in children with disruptive behavior disorders: a preliminary study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:1011-1018
58. Van den Bergh BR, Marcoen A (2004) High antenatal maternal anxiety is related to ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and anxiety in 8-and 9-year-olds. Child Dev 75:1085-1097
59. Van den Bergh BR, Van Calster B, Smits T, Van Huffel S, Lagae L (2008) Antenatal maternal anxiety is related to HPA-axis dysregulation and self-reported depressive symptoms in adolescence: a prospective study on the fetal origins of depressed mood. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:536-545
60. van Goozen SH, Matthys W, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gispen-de Wied C, Wiegant VM, van Engeland H (1998) Salivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity during stress in oppositional-defiant disorder boys and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 43:531-539
61. van Goozen SH, Matthys W, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H (2000) Hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system activity in disruptive children and matched controls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1438-1445
62. van West D, Claes S, Deboutte D (2009) Differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18:543-553
63. Weber B, Lewicka S, Deuschle M, Colla M, Vecsei P, Heuser I (2000) Increased diurnal plasma concentrations of cortisone in depressed patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1133-1136
64. Weizman R, Dick J, Gil-Ad I, Weitz R, Tyano S, Laron Z (1987) Effects of acute and chronic methylphenidate administration on beta-endorphin, growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Life Sci 40:2247-2252
65. Wust S, Federenko I, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C (2000) Genetic factors, perceived chronic stress, and the free cortisol response to awakening. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:707-720
66. Yehuda R, Kahana B, Binder-Brynes K, Southwick SM, Mason JW, Giller EL (1995) Low urinary cortisol excretion in Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152:982-986
67. Yehuda R, Golier JA, Kaufman S (2005) Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 162:998-1000