A review of Agrilus biguttatus in UK forests and its relationship with acute oak decline

Forestry

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 53-63

  Brown, Nathan ^a,b,c   Inward, Daegan J G ^a   Jeger, Mike ^b   Denman, Sandra ^a  

^a FOREST RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BACTERIAL DISEASE; BEETLE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LIFE CYCLE; LITERATURE REVIEW; MORTALITY; PATHOGENICITY; POPULATION DECLINE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

UNITED KINGDOM;

AGRILUS; AGRILUS BIGUTTATUS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BUPRESTIDAE; COLEOPTERA;

EID: 84922466362     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: 14643626     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpu039     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Alexander, K.A. 2003 Changing distributionsofCantharidae and Buprestidae within Great Britain (Coleoptera). Proceedings of 13th International Colloquium European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden, September 2001, pp. 87-91. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/46398 (Accessed on 17 October 2014).
2. Allen, A.A. 1973 Agrilus biguttatus F. (Col., Buprestidae) at Windsor; with some account of its history in Britain. Ent. Rec. J. Var. 85, 12-14.
3. Allen, A.A. 1988 NotesonAgriluspannonicus Pill.&Mitt.(Col.: Buprestidae) in 1985. Ent. Rec. J. Var. 100, 25-28.
4. Baranchikov, Y., Mozolevskaya, E., Yurchenko, G. and Kenis, M. 2008 Occurrence of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis in Russia and its potential impact on European forestry. EPPO Bull. 38, 233-238.
5. Bellamy, C.L. 2008 AWorld Catalogue and Bibliography of the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea), Vol. 4: Agrilinae: Agrilina through Trachyini. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 79, 722 pp.
6. Bennett, R.N. and Wallsgrove, R.M. 1994 Tansley review no. 72. Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms. New Phytol. 127, 617-633.
7. Bernhard, D., Fritzsch, G., Glöckner, P. and Wurst, C. 2005 Molecular insights into speciation in the Agrilus viridis complex and the genus Trachys (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 102, 599-605.
8. Biggs, A.R. 1985 Suberized boundary zones and the chronology of wound response in tree bark. Phytopathology 75, 1191-1195.
9. Bily, S. 1982 The Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark: Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Vol. 10. Scandinavian Science Press Ltd.
10. Bohàr, G. 1992 Fusarium solani causing sapstreak in sessile and pedunculate oaks. Proceedings: Recent advances in studies oak decline. Universita degli Studi, Bari, pp. 39-47.
11. Brady, C., Denman, S., Kirk, S., Venter, S., Rodríguez-Palenzuela, P. and Coutinho, T. 2010 Description of Gibbsiella quercinecans gen. nov., sp. nov., associated with Acute Oak Decline. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 33, 444-450.
12. Brady, C., Cleenwerck, I., Denman, S., Venter, S., Rodríguez-Palenzuela, P., Coutinho, T. and De Vos, P. 2012 Proposal to reclassify Brenneria quercina (Hildebrand & Schroth 1967)
13. Hauben et al. 1999 into a novel genus, Lonsdalea gen. nov., as Lonsdalea quercina comb. nov., descriptions of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina comb. nov., Lonsdalea quercina subsp. iberica subsp. nov. and Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica subsp. nov., emendation of the description of the genus Brenneria, reclassification of Dickeya dieffenbachiae as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae comb. nov., and emendation of the description of Dickeya dadantii. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62, 1592-1602.
14. Broadmeadow, M. and Ray, D. 2005 Climate Change and British Woodland. Information Note. Forestry Commission.
15. Brown, N. 2013 Epidemiology of Acute Oak Decline in Britain. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, London.
16. Cappaert, D., McCullough, D.G., Poland, T.M. and Siegert, N.W. 2005 Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. Am. Entomol. 51, 152-165.
17. Chamorro, M.L., Volkovitsh, M.G., Poland, T.M., Haack, R.A. and Lingafelter, S.W. 2012 Preimaginal stages of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): an invasive pest on ash trees (Fraxinus). PLoS ONE 7, e33185.
18. Chen, Y., Ciaramitaro, T. and Poland, T.M. 2011 Moisture content and nutrition as selection forces for emerald ash borer larval feeding behaviour. Ecol. Entomol. 36, 344-354.
19. Coleman, T. and Seybold, S. 2008 Previously unrecorded damage to oak, Quercus spp., in southern California by the Goldspotted Oak Borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 84, 288-300.
20. Coleman, T. and Seybold, S. 2011 Collection history and comparison of the interactions of the Goldspotted Oak Borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), with host oaks in Southern California and South-eastern Arizona, U.S.A. Coleopts. Bull. 65, 93-108.
21. Crook, D.J. and Mastro, V.C. 2010 Chemical ecologyoftheEmeraldAsh Borer Agrilus planipennis. J. Chem. Ecol., 36, 101-112.
22. Crook, D.J., Khrimian, A., Francese, J.A., Fraser, I., Poland, T.M., Sawyer, A.J. and Mastro, V.C. 2008 Development of a host based semiochemical lure for trapping emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environ. Entomol. 37, 356-365.
23. Crook, D.J., Francese, J.A., Zylstra, K.E., Fraser, I., Sawyer, A.J., Bartels, D.W. et al. 2009 Laboratory and field response of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), to selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. J. Econ. Entomol. 102, 2160-2169.
24. Crosthwaite, J., Sobek, S., Lyons, D., Bernards, M. and Sinclair, B. 2011 The overwintering physiology of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). J. Insect Physiol. 57, 166-173.
25. Davis, E.E., French, S. and Venette, R.C. 2005 Mini risk-assessment: metallic beetle: Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]. USDA: CAPS PRA. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant-health/plant-pest- info/pest-detection/downloads/pra/abiguttatuspra.pdf (Accessed on 19 December 2013).
26. Delatour, C. 1983 Les dépérissements de chênes en Europe. Revue For. Fr. 35, 265-282.
27. Denman, S. 2010 A pilot investigation of bacteria associated with oak dieback and Agrilus coaxalis infestation in the San Diego district in southern California and parallels with acute oak decline in Britain. USDA Forest Research technical report, 07-JV-11272138-054.
28. Denman, S. and Webber, J.F. 2009 Oak declines-new definitions and new episodes in Britain. Q. J. Forest. 103, 285-290.
29. Denman, S., Kirk, S.A. and Webber, J.F. 2010 Managing acute oak decline. Forestry Commission Practice Note 016.
30. Denman, S., Brady, C., Kirk, S., Cleenwerck, I., Venter, S., Coutinho, T. and De Vos, P. 2012 Brenneria goodwinii sp. nov., a novel species associated with acute oak decline in Britain. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62, 2451-2456.
31. Denman, S., Brown, N., Kirk, S., Jeger, M. and Webber, J. 2014 ADescriptionof the symptoms of acute oak decline in Britain and a comparative review on causes of similar disorders on oak in Europe. Forestry 87, 535-551.
32. Domingue, M.J., Csóka, G., Tóth, M., Vétek, G., Pénzes, B., Mastro, V. and Baker, T.C. 2011 Field observations of visual attraction of three European oak buprestid beetles toward conspecific and heterospecific models. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 140, 112-121.
33. Duan, J.J., Ulyshen, M.D., Bauer, L.S., Gould, J. and Driesche, R.V. 2010 Measuring the impact of biotic factors on populations of immature emerald ash borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Env. Entomol. 39, 1513-1522.
34. Dunn, J.P., Kimmerer, T.W. and Nordin, G.L. 1986a Attraction of the two-lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and associated borers to volatiles of stressed white oak. Can. Entomol. 118, 503-509.
35. Dunn, J.P., Kimmerer, T.W. and Nordin, G.L. 1986b The role of host tree condition in attack of white oaks by the two lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Oecologia. 70, 596-600.
36. Dunn, J.P., Kimmerer, T.W. and Potter, D.A. 1987 Winter starch reserves of white oak as a predictor of attack by the two lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Oecologia. 74, 352-355.
37. Dunn, J., Potter, D. and Kimmerer, T. 1990 Carbohydrate reserves, radial growth and mechanisms of resistance of oak trees to phloem-boring insects. Oecologia. 83, 458-468.
38. El Atta, H.A., Aref, I.M. and Khalil, S.A. 2011 Increased gum Arabic production after infestation of Acacia senegal with Aspergillus flavus and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes transmitted by Agrilus nubeculosus. Biotechnology. 10, 159-166.
39. EPPO 2011 Pest risk analysis for Agrilus anxius. EPPO 11-16987 (11-16988).
40. Evans, H.F., Moraal, L.G. and Pajares, J.A. 2004 Biology, ecology and economic importance of Buprestidae and Cerambycidae. In Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Lieutier, F., Day, K.R., Battisti, A., Gregoire, J.C. and Evans, H.F. (eds). Kluwer, pp. 447-474.
41. Falck, R. 1918 Oak decline in Lödderitz forest district and in Westphalia. Z. Forst. Jagdwes. 50, 123-132.
42. Farrell, B.D. 1998 'Inordinate fondness' explained: why are there so many beetles? Science 281, 555-559.
43. Fierke, M.K. and Stephen, F.M. 2008 Callus formation and bark moisture as potential physical defences of northern red oak, Quercus rubra, against red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Can. Entomol. 140, 149-157.
44. Foster, A.P. 1987 Agrilus pannonicus (Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783) (Col.: Buprestidae) and other noteworthy insects recorded from Hampstead Heath in 1984. Ent. Rec. J. Var. 99, 153-155.
45. Fowler, W.W. 1888 The Coleoptera of the British Islands. Vol. VI. Reeve & Co.
46. Francese, J.A., Oliver, J.B., Fraser, I., Lance, D.R., Youssef, N., Sawyer, A.J. and Mastro, V.C. 2008 Influence of trap placement and design on capture of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 101, 1831-1837.
47. Gibbs, J. and Greig, B. 1997 Biotic and abiotic factors affecting the dying back of pedunculate oak Quercus robur L. Forestry 70, 399-406.
48. Gould, J.R., Ayer, T. and Fraser, I. 2011 Effects of rearing conditions on reproduction of Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 104, 379-387.
49. Haack, R.A. 2005 Exotic wood borers in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions. Can. J. Forest Res. 36, 269-288.
50. Haack, R.A. and Benjamin, D.M. 1982 The biology and ecology of the twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), on oaks, Quercus spp., in Wisconsin. Can. Entomol. 114, 385-396.
51. Haack, R.A., Jendek, E., Liu, H., Marchant, K.R., Petrice, T.R., Poland, T.M. and Hui, Y. 2002 The emerald ash borer: a new exotic pest in North America. Newsl. Mich. Entomol. Soc. 47, 1-5.
52. Haack, R.A., Petrice, T.R. and Zablotny, J.E. 2009 First report of the European oak borer, Agrilus sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in the United States. Gt. Lakes Entomol. 42, 1-7.
53. Haack, R.A., Petrice, T.R. and Wiedenhoeft, A.C. 2010 Incidenceof bark-and wood-boring insects in firewood: a survey at Michigan's Mackinac Bridge. J. Econ. Entomol. 103, 1682-1692.
54. Haavik, L.J. and Stephen, F.M. 2011 Factorsthataffectcompartmentalization and wound closureofQuercus rubra infested with Enaphalodes rufulus. Agric. Forest Entomol. 13, 291-300.
55. Habermann, M. and Preller, J. 2003 Studies on the biology and control of two-spotted lichen buprestid (Agrilus biguttatus Fabr.). Forst Holz. 58, 215-220.
56. Hackett, D.S. 1995 The jewel beetle Agrilus pannonicus in the London area. London Naturalist; J. London Nat. Hist. Soc. 74, 161-164.
57. Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D. and Millar, J.G. 1991 Mechanisms of resistance in Eucalyptus against larvae of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Environ. Entomol. 20, 1583-1588.
58. Hartmann, G. and Blank, R. 1992 Winter frost, insect defoliation and Agrilus biguttatus Fabr. as causal factors of oak decline in northern Germany. Forst Holz. 47, 443-452 (in German).
59. Hartmann, G. and Kontzog, H.G. 1994 BeurteilungdesGesundheitszustandes von Alteichen in vom 'Eichensterben' geschädigten Beständen-Anleitung zur Durchführung von Sanitärhieben gegen Eichenprachtkäfer (Agrilus biguttatus). Forst Holz 49, 216-217. (in German).
60. Herms, D.A., McCullough, D.G., Smitley, D.R., Sadof, C., Williamson, R.C. and Nixon, P.L. 2009 Insecticide options for protecting ash trees from emerald ash borer. North Central IPM Center factsheet. http://www.emeraldashborer. info/files/multistate-eab-insecticide-fact-sheet.pdf (Accessed on 17 October 2014).
61. Hildebrand, M., Dickler, E. and Geider, K. 2000 Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora on insects in a fire blight orchard. J. Phytopathol. 148, 251-256.
62. Hodge, P. 2010 Agrilus cuprescens and A. cyanescens Ratzberg established in Britain. Coleopterist 19, 85-88.
63. Jacquiot, C. 1950a Relationships between attacks by Agrilus biguttatus Fab. and some cases of decline in oaks. Rev. Pathol. Vegetale Entomol. Agr. Fr. 39, 171-182.
64. Jacquiot, C. 1950b Causes of the formation of woody tumours observed in oaks attacked by Agrilus biguttatus Fab. (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). Comptes rendus, Acad. Sci. 231, 1552-1554.
65. Jacquiot, C. 1976 Tumors caused by Agrilus biguttatus Fab. attacks on the stems of oak trees. Marcellia 39, 61-67.
66. Jactel, H., Petit, J., Desprez-Loustau, M., Delzon, S., Piou, D., Battisti A. and Koricheva, J. 2012 Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: a meta-analysis. Glob. Chang. Biol. 18, 267-276.
67. James, T. 1994 Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire (Buprestidae) a jewel beetle new to Britain. Coleopterist. 3, 33-35.
68. Jendek, E. and Grebennikov, V.V. 2009 Agrilus sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new alien species in North America. Can. Entomol. 141, 236-245.
69. Juzwik, J. and French, D.W. 1983 Ceratocystis fagacearum and C. piceae on the surfaces of free-flying and fungus-mat inhabiting nitidulids. Phytopathology. 73, 1163-1168.
70. Kenis, M. and Hilszczanski, J. 2004 Natural enemies of Cerambycidae and Buprestidae. In Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Lieutier, F., Day, K.R., Battisti, A., Gregoire, J.C. and Evans, H.F. (eds). Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 447-474.
71. Kovacs, K.F., Haight, R.G., McCullough, D.G., Mercader, R.J., Siegert, N.W. and Liebhold, A.M. 2010 Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in US communities, 2009-2019. Ecol. Econ. 69, 569-578.
72. Kryukova, E.A. 1976 Insects and vascular mycosis of oak. Zashchita Rastenii 5, 42-43.
73. Levey, B. 1977 Coleoptera: Buprestidae. Handbooks for the identification of British insects, Part V: Vol. 1b. Royal Entomological Society of London.
74. Lindell, C.A., McCullough, D.G., Cappaert, D., Apostolou, N.M. and Roth, M.B. 2008 Factors influencing woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer. Am. Midl. Nat., 159, 434-444.
75. Lynch, S.C., Zambino, P.J., Scott, T.A. and Eskalen, A. 2014 Occurrence, incidence and associations among fungal pathogens and Agrilus auroguttatus, and their roles in Quercus agrifolia decline in California. For. Path., 44, 62-74.
76. Manion, P.D. 1991 Tree Disease Concepts. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, 402 pp.
77. Marçais, B., Caël, O. and Delatour, C. 2011 Interaction between root rot basidiomycetes and Phytophthora species on pedunculate oak. Plant Pathol. 60, 296-303.
78. Marsh, T., Cole, G. and Wilby, R. 2007 Major droughts in England and Wales, 1800-2006. Weather 62, 87-93.
79. Mattson, W.J. and Haack, R.A. 1987 The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects. BioScience 37, 110-118.
80. McDowell, N., Pockman, W.T., Allen, C.D., Breshears, D.D., Cobb, N., Kolb, T. et al. 2008 Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist 178, 719-739.
81. McPherson, B.A., Erbilgin, N., Wood, D.L., Svihra, P., Storer, A.J. and Standiford, R.B. 2008 Attractionof ambrosia and bark beetles to coast live oaks infected by Phytophthora ramorum. Agric. Forest Entomol. 10, 315-321.
82. Moraal, L.G. and Achterberg, C.V. 2001 Spathius curvicaudis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) new to the fauna of The Netherlands; a parasitoid of the oak buprestid beetle, Agrilus biguttatus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Entomologische Berichten 61, 165-168.
83. Moraal, L. and Hilszczanski, J. 2000 The oak buprestid beetle, Agrilus biguttatus (F.) (Col., Buprestidae), a recent factor in oak decline in Europe. J. Pest Sci. 73, 134-138.
84. Moraal, L.G. and Jagers op Akkerhuis, G.A. 2011 Changing patternsin insect pests on trees in The Netherlands since 1946in relation to human induced habitat changes and climate factors-an analysis of historical data. For. Ecol. Manage. 261, 50-61.
85. Nielsen, D.G., Muilenburg, V.L. and Herms, D.A. 2011 Interspecific variation in resistance of Asian, European, and North American birches (Betula spp.) to bronze birch borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environ. Entomol. 40, 648-653.
86. Oosterbaan, A., van den Berg, C.A., Maas, G.J. and Moraal, L.G. 2001 Eikensterfte in Nederland: Omvang en de rol van enkele achterliggende factoren. Alterra-rapport 236. Alterra, Wageningen. http://content.alterra. wur.nl/Webdocs/PDFFiles/Alterrarapporten/AlterraRapport236.pdf (Accessed on December 2013) (in Dutch).
87. Pearce, R.B. 1996 Antimicrobial defencesin the wood ofliving trees. Tansley Review No. 87. New Phytol. 132, 203-233.
88. Pedersen, H. and Jørum, P. 2009 The jewel beetle Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1777) found in Denmark (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). Entomol. Meddelelser 77, 19-26.
89. Petrescu, M. 1966 Recherch esphy to pathologiquesdanslesforêtspresentant des phénomènes de dépérissesments. In Étude des causes et des méthods de prévenir le dépérissesment du chêne. Marcu, G. (ed). Centrul de documentare tehnicə pentru economia forestierə, Bucharest, pp. 319-364.
90. Rebek, E., Herms, D., Smitley, D., Bonello, P., Eyles, A. and Cipollini, D. 2005 Interspecific variation in ash resistance to Emerald Ash Borer. In Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 26-27 September 2005. Mastro, V. and Reardon, R. (eds). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
91. Rebek, E.J., Herms, D.A. and Smitley, D.R. 2008 Interspecific variation in resistance to emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) among North American and Asian ash (Fraxinus spp.). Environ. Entomol. 37, 242-246.
92. Rexrode, C.O. 1968 Tree-wounding insectsasvectors ofthe oak wilt fungus. For. Sci. 14, 181-189.
93. Rizzi, A., Crotti, E., Borruso, L., Jucker, C., Lupi, D., Colombo, M. and Daffonchio, D. 2013 Characterization of the bacterial community associated with larvae and adults of Anoplophora chinensis collected in Italy by culture and culture-independent methods. BioMed Res. Int. 4208 7, 12 pp.
94. Rodriguez-Saona, C., Poland, T.M., Miller, J.R., Stelinski, L.L., Grant, G.G., De Groot, P. et al. 2006 Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, to induced volatiles of Manchurian ash, Fraxinus mandshurica. Chemoecology 16, 75-86.
95. Sage, B. 2010 Agrilus cuprescens found in Norfolk. Coleopterist 19, 20.
96. Shaw, M.R. 1988 Spathius curvicaudis Ratzeburg (Hym.: Braconidae) new to Britain and parasitising Agrilus pannonicus (Piller and Mitterpacher)(Col.: Buprestidae). Entomol. Rec., 100, 215-216.
97. Shirt, B.D. 1987 British red data books: 2. Insects. Nature Conservancy Council, 83 pp.
98. Starchenko, I.I. 1931 Agrilus biguttatus Fab. in Shipov Forest, Voronezh province. Zashchita Rastenii ot Vreditelei 7, 303-306.
99. Straw, N.A., Williams, D.T., Kulinich, O. and Gninenko, Y.I. 2013 Distribution, impact and rate of spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Moscow region of Russia. Forestry 86, 515-522.
100. Thomas, F.M. 2008 Recent advances in cause-effect research on oak decline in Europe. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 3, No. 037.
101. Thomas, F.M., Blank, R. and Hartmann, G. 2002 Abioticandbioticfactorsand their interactions as causes of oak decline in Central Europe. For. Path. 32, 277-307.
102. Tiberi, R. and Ragazzi, A. 1998 Association between fungi and xylophagous insects of declining oaks in Italy. Redia 81, 83-91.
103. Tilbury, C. 2010 Oak Pinhole Borer Platypus cylindrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Tree pest advisory note, Forest Research.
104. Vansteenkiste, D., Tirry, L., Van Acker, J. and Stevens, M. 2004 Predispositions and symptomsofAgrilus borerattackindecliningoak trees. Ann. For. Sci. 61, 815-823.
105. Vasanthakumar, A., Handelsman, J., Schloss, P.D., Bauer, L.S. and Raffa, K.F. 2008 Gut microbiota of an invasive subcortical beetle, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, across various life stages. Environ. Entomol. 37, 1344-1353.
106. Vrkočová, P., Valterová, I., Vrkoč, J. and Koutek, B. 2000 Volatiles released from oak, a host tree for the bark beetle Scolytus intricatus. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28, 933-947.
107. Wachtendorf, W. 1955 Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Eichenprachtkäfer Agrilus biguttatus Fabr. und Coraebus undatus Fabr.(Col. Bupr.). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 37, 327-339.
108. Wargo, P.M. 1996 Consequences of environmental stress on oak: predisposition to pathogens. Ann. For. Sci. 53, 359-368.
109. Webber, J.F and Brasier, C.M. 1984 Transmission of Dutch elm disease: a study of the processes involved. In Invertebrate-microbial interactions. Anderson, J.M., Rayner, A.D.M. and Walton, D.W.H. (eds). Cambridge University Press, pp. 271-306.
110. Whitehill, J.G., Opiyo, S.O., Koch, J.L., Herms, D.A., Cipollini, D.F. and Bonello, P. 2012 Interspecific comparison of constitutive ash phloem phenolic chemistry reveals compounds unique to Manchurian ash, a species resistant to emerald ash borer. J. Chem. Ecol. 38, 499-511.
111. Yang, Z.Q., Wang, X.Y., Gould, J.R., Reardon, R.C., Zhang, Y.N., Liu, G.J. and Liu, E.S. 2010 Biology and behaviorofSpathius agrili, a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in China. J. Insect Sci. 10, 30.
112. Yemshanov, D., Koch, F., Ben-Haim, Y., Downing, M., Sapio, F. and Siltanen, M. 2013 A new multicriteria risk mapping approach based on a multiattribute frontier concept. Risk Anal. 33, 1694-1708.
113. Zhu-Salzman, K., Luthe, D.S. and Felton, G.W. 2008 Arthropod-inducible proteins: broad spectrum defenses against multiple herbivores. Plant Physiol. 146, 852-858.