Does intelligence have a U-shaped relationship with leftism?

Intelligence

Volumn 49, Issue , 2015, Pages 159-170

  Carl, Noah ^a  

^a NUFFIELD COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cognitive ability; Democratic Party; Intelligence; Left wing; Liberalism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922463834     PISSN: 01602896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.01.008     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Abramitzky R. The limits of equality: Insights from the Israeli Kibbutz. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2008, 123:1111-1159.
2. Adams R., Keloharju M., Knupfer S. Match made at birth? What traits of a million Swedes tell us about CEOs. Working Paper 2014.
3. Alesina A., Angeletos G.M. Fairness and redistribution. American Economic Review 2005, 95:960-980.
4. Alesina A., Giuliano P. Preferences for redistribution. Handbook of Social Economics 2011, 1A:93-130.
5. Alesina A., Glaeser F. Fighting poverty in the US and Europe: A world of differences 2004, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
6. Alesina A., Glaeser E., Sacerdote B. Why doesn't the United States have a European-style welfare state?. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2001, 2:1-69.
7. Alexander L. Is there a right of freedom of expression? 2005, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
8. Bawer B. The Victims' revolution: The rise of identity studies and the closing of the liberal mind 2012, Broadside Books, Northampton, MA.
9. Berezow A., Campbell H. Science left behind: Feel good fallacies, and the rise of the anti-scientific left 2014, PublicAffairs, NY, New York.
10. Berlin I. Four essays on liberty 1969, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
11. Browne A. The retreat of reason: Political correctness and the corruption of public debate in modern Britain 2006, The Institute for the Study of Civil Society, Civitas.
12. Bruce T. The new thought police: The left's assault on free speech and free minds 2003, Three Rivers Press, New York, NY.
13. Caplan B. Libertarianism against economism: How economists misunderstand voters and why libertarians should care. Independent Review 2001, 5:539-563.
14. Caplan B. The myth of the rational voter 2007, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
15. Caplan B., Miller S.C. Intelligence makes people think like economists: Evidence from the General Social Survey. Intelligence 2010, 38:636-647.
16. Cardiff C.E., Klein D.B. Faculty partisan affiliations in all disciplines: A voter-registration study. Critical Review 2005, 17:237-255.
17. Carl N. Verbal intelligence is correlated with socially and economically liberal beliefs. Intelligence 2014, 44:142-148.
18. Carl N. Cognitive ability and party identity in the United States. Intelligence 2014, 47:3-9.
19. Carl N., Billari F.C. Generalized trust and intelligence in the United States. PLoS ONE 2014, 9:e91786.
20. CBO Trends in the distribution of household income between 1979 and 2007 2011, Congressional Budget Office, The Congress of the United States.
21. Charlton B.G. Clever sillies: Why high-IQ people tend to be deficient in common sense. Medical Hypotheses 2009, 73:867-870.
22. Charlton B.G. Thought prison: The fundamental nature of political correctness 2011, University of Buckingham Press, UK.
23. Cohen G.A. If you're an egalitarian, how come you're so rich? 2001, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
24. Davis M. The barren marriage of American labour and the Democratic Party. New Left Review I/124 1980.
25. Deary I.J., Batty G.D., Gale C.R. Bright children become enlightened adults. Psychological Science 2008, 19:1-6.
26. Deary I.J., Batty G.D., Gale C.R. Childhood intelligence predicts voter turnout, voting preferences, and political involvement in adulthood: The 1970 British Cohort Study. Intelligence 2008, 36:548-555.
27. Doherty B. Radicals for capitalism: A freewheeling history of the modern libertarian movement 2007, PublicAffairs, New York, NY.
28. Duarte J.L., Crawford J.T., Stern C., Haidt J., Jussim L., Tetlock Political diversity will improve social psychological science. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 2014, 18:1-54.
29. Dutton E. The cultural mediation hypothesis: A critical examination. Intelligence 2013, 41:321-327.
30. Dutton E., Lynn R. Intelligence and religious and political differences among members of the U.S. academic elite. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on, Religion 2014, 10:1-29.
31. Fearman P. The next nightmare: How political correctness will destroy America 2012, Dunham Books, US.
32. Feldman S., Johnston C. Understanding the determinants of political ideology: Implications of structural complexity. Political Psychology 2014, 35:337-357.
33. Friedman M. Capitalism and freedom 1962, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
34. Friedman M., Friedman R. Free to choose: A personal statement 1990, Mariner Books, Boston, MA.
35. Gerber A., Huber G., Doherty D., Dowling C., Ha S.E. Personality and political attitudes: Relationships across issue domains and political contexts. American Political Science Review 2010, 104:111-133.
36. Goldberg J. Liberal fascism: The secret history of the left from Mussolini to the politics of meaning 2009, Penguin, London, UK.
37. Gottfredson L.S. Resolute ignorance on race and Rushton. Personality and Individual Differences 2012, 55:218-223.
38. Greenberg J., Jonas E. Psychological motives and political orientation-The left, the right, and the rigid: Comment on Jost et al. (2003). Psychological Bulletin 2003, 129:376-382.
39. Gross N. Why are professors liberal and why do conservatives care? 2013, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
40. Hauser R.M. Meritocracy, cognitive ability, and the sources of occupational success. Working Paper 2002.
41. Heaven P.C.L., Ciarrochi J., Leeson P. Cognitive ability, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation: A five-year longitudinal study amongst adolescents. Intelligence 2011, 39:15-21.
42. Herrnstein R.J., Murray C. The Bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life 1994, Free Press, New York, NY.
43. Hodson G., Busseri M.A. Bright minds and dark attitudes: Lower cognitive ability predicts greater prejudice through right-wing ideology and low inter-group contact. Psychological Science 2012, 23:187-195.
44. Howe D.W. What hath god wrought? The transformation of America, 1815-1848 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
45. Huling R. Why animal rights is a progressive issue. The Stanford Progressive 2008.
46. Inbar Y., Lammers J. Political diversity in social and personality psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2012, 7:496-503.
47. ISSP Research Group International social survey programme: Role of government-ISSP 2006. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne 2008.
48. Iyer R., Koleva S., Graham J., Ditto P., Haidt J. Understanding libertarian morality: The psychological dispositions of self-identified libertarians. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e42366.
49. Jones S.D. Masters of the universe: Hayek, Friedman and the birth of neoliberal politics 2012, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
50. Jost J.T., Glaser J., Kruglanski A.W., Sulloway F.J. Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin 2003, 129:339-375.
51. Kahan D.M., Peters E., Wittlin M., Slovic P., Ouellette L.L., Braman D., Manel G. The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change 2012, 2:732-735.
52. Kanazawa S. Why liberals and atheists are more intelligent. Social Psychology Quarterly 2010, 73:33-57.
53. Karadja M., Mollerstrom J., Seim D. Richer (and holier) than thou? The effect of relative income improvements on demand for redistribution. Working Paper 2014.
54. Kazin M. Obama, a European socialist? I wish!. The New Republic 2012.
55. Kemmelmeier M. Is there a relationship between political orientation and cognitive ability? A test of three hypotheses in two studies. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45:767-772.
56. Kirby D., Boaz D. The libertarian vote in the age of Obama. Cato Institute Policy Analysis 2010, 658:1-19.
57. Klein D. The origin of 'Liberalism'. The Atlantic 2014.
58. Kors A.C. The shadow university: The betrayal of liberty on America's campuses 1999, Harper Perennial, New York, NY.
59. Lewis J.E., DeGusta D., Meyer M.R., Monge J.M., Mann A.E., Holloway R.L. The mismeasure of science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on skulls and bias. PLoS Biology 2011, 9:e1001071.
60. Lieberman E.S. Race and regionalism in the politics of taxation in Brazil and South Africa 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
61. Lukianoff G. Unlearning liberty: Campus censorship and the end of American debate 2014, Encounter Books, New York, NY.
62. Lukianoff G. Freedom from speech 2014, Encounter Books, New York, NY.
63. Lynn R., Vanhanen T. Intelligence: A unifying construct for the social sciences 2012, Ulster Institute for Social Research, London, UK.
64. Malka A., Soto C.J., Inzlicht M., Lelkes Y. Do needs for security and certainty predict cultural and economic conservatism? A cross-national analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2014, 106:1031-1051.
65. McLean I., McMillan A. The concise oxford dictionary of politics 2009, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
66. Meisenberg G. Does multiculturalism promote income inequality?. Mankind Quarterly, XLVII 2007, 3-39.
67. Meisenberg G. Verbal ability as a predictor of political preferences in the United States, 1974-2012. Intelligence 2015, (in press).
68. Miles J., Langdon K., Preston H., Robinson T., Strode C., Williams B. Super-IQ group calls for less government. Triple Nine Society: Political Survey 2000.
69. Mill J.S. On liberty 1859, Watts & Co., London, UK.
70. Miller D. Political philosophy: A very short introduction 2003, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
71. Miron J.A. Libertarianism from A to Z 2010, Basic Books, New York, NY.
72. Mollerstrom J., Seim D. Cognitive ability and the demand for redistribution. PLoS ONE 2014, 9:e109955.
73. Morton R., Tyran J., Wengstrom E. Income and ideology: How personality traits, cognitive abilities and education shape political attitudes. Working Paper 2011.
74. Norton R. Unintended consequences. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2008, Liberty Fund Inc., Indianapolis, IN. D.R. Hendersen (Ed.).
75. Nyborg H. The greatest collective scientific fraud of the 20th century: The demolition of differential psychology and eugenics. Mankind Quarterly 2011, 51:241-268.
76. OECD Growing unequal: Income distribution and poverty in OECD countries 2008, OECD Publishing, Paris.
77. Oskarsson S., Cesarini D., Dawes C.T., Fowler J.H., Johannesson M., Magnusson P.K.E., Teorell J. Linking genes and political orientations: Testing the cognitive ability as mediator hypothesis. Political Psychology 2014, (early online version).
78. Payne T. Uncommon sense: The zero-tolerance guide to political correctness 2012, Endeavour Press, UK.
79. Piketty T., Saez E. Income inequality in the United States: 1913-1998. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2003, 118:1-39.
80. Pinker S. The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature 2002, Penguin Books, London, UK.
81. Pinker S. The better angels of our nature: The decline of violence in history and its causes 2011, Penguin Books, London, UK.
82. Political Compass Welcome to the political compass. Pace News Limited 2004-2014 2014.
83. Pournelle J. The American political continuum; an examination of the validity of the left-right model as an instrument for studying American political "isms" 1964, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington.
84. Rauch J. Kindly inquisitors: The new attacks on free thought 1995, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
85. Rindermann H., Flores-Mendoza C., Woodley M.A. Political orientations, intelligence and education. Intelligence 2012, 40:217-225.
86. Robertson D. The penguin dictionary of politics 1987, Penguin, London, UK.
87. Rockey J. Who is left-wing and who just thinks they are?. Working Paper 2014.
88. Rushton J.P. Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1989, 12:503-559.
89. Rushton J.P. New evidence on Sir Cyril Burt: His 1964 speech to the Association of Educational Psychologists. Intelligence 2002, 30:555-567.
90. Salter F., Harpending H. J.P. Rushton's theory of ethnic nepotism. Personality and Individual Differences 2013, 55:256-260.
91. Schneider G., Merle R. Reagan's defence buildup bridged military eras: Huge budgets brought life back to industry. Washington Post 2004.
92. Schoon I., Cheng H., Gale C.R., Batty G.D., Deary I.J. Social status, cognitive ability, and educational attainment as predictors of liberal social attitudes and political trust. Intelligence 2010, 38:144-150.
93. Schweizer P. Makers and takers 2008, Doubleday, New York, NY.
94. Singham M. The democratic party is not 'the left' in US politics. Free Thought Blogs 2012.
95. Smith A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations 1776, David Campbell Publishers Ltd., London, UK.
96. Smith T., Marsden P.V., Hout M., Kim J. General social surveys, 1972-2012 cumulative codebook 2012, National Opinion Research Centre, Chicago.
97. Sofres T.N.S. European values. Online Publication 2005.
98. Solon I. How intelligence mediates liberalism and prosociality. Intelligence 2014, 47:44-53.
99. Sowell T. Economic facts and fallacies 2011, Basic Books, New York, NY.
100. Stankov L. Conservatism and cognitive ability. Intelligence 2009, 37:294-304.
101. Strenze T. Intelligence and socio-economic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research. Intelligence 2007, 35:401-426.
102. Terkel A. America's 'Brain drain': Best and brightest college grads head for Wall Street. Huffington Post Business 2011.
103. Torres B. Making a killing: The political economy of animal rights 2008, AK Press, UK.
104. Vallentyne P., Steiner H. Left-libertarianism and its critics: The contemporary debate 2001, Lightning Source Inc., Milton Keynes, UK.
105. Waldron J. The harm in hate speech 2012, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
106. Ware A. Political parties and party systems 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
107. Weakliem D.L. The effects of education on political opinions: An international study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 2002, 13:954-2892.
108. Weyl G. The openness-equality trade-off in global redistribution. Working Paper 2014.
109. Williams W.E. The state against blacks 1982, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
110. Woessner M., Kelly-Woessner A. Left pipeline: Why conservatives don't get doctorates. The politically correct university: Problems, scope, and reforms 2009, The AEI Press, Washington, DC. R. Maranto, R.E. Redding, F.M. Hess (Eds.).
111. Woodley M.A. Are high-IQ individuals deficient in common sense? A critical examination of the 'clever sillies' hypothesis. Intelligence 2010, 38:471-480.
112. Woodley of Menie M.A., Dunkel C. Beyond the cultural mediation hypothesis: A reply to Dutton. Intelligence 2015, (in press).
113. Yancey G. Compromising scholarship: Religious and political bias in American higher education 2011, Baylor University Press, Waco, TX.
114. Yong C. Does freedom of speech include hate speech?. Res Publica 2011, 17:385-403.