Why doesn't the United States have a European-style welfare state?

Brookings Papers on Economic Activity

Volumn , Issue 2, 2001, Pages 187-277

  Alesina, Alberto ^a   Glaeser, Edward ^a   Sacerdote, Bruce ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040481340     PISSN: 00072303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/eca.2001.0014     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. 2000. "Why Did the West Extend the Franchise? Democracy, Inequality, and Growth in Historical Perspective." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(4): 1167-99.
2. Alesina, Alberto, Reza Baqir, and William Easterly. 1999. "Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(4): 1243-84.
3. Alesina, Alberto, Reza Baqir, and Caroline Hoxby. 2000. "Political Jurisdictions in Heterogeneous Communities." Working Paper 7859. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (August).
4. Alesina, Alberto, Rafael Di Tella, and R. MacCulloch. 2001. "Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?" Working Paper 8198. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (April).
5. Alesina, Alberto, and Allen Drazen. 1991. "Why Are Stabilizations Delayed?" American Economic Review 81(5): 1170-88.
6. Alesina, Alberto, and Eliana La Ferrara. 2000. "Participation in Heterogeneous Communities." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(3): 847-904.
7. _. 2001. "Preferences for Redistribution in the Land of Opportunities." Working Paper 8267. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (May).
8. _. Forthcoming. "Who Trusts Others?" Journal of Public Economics.
9. Alesina, Alberto, and Dani Rodrik. 1994. "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109(2): 465-90.
10. Alesina, Alberto, and Enrico Spolaore. 1997. "On the Number and Size of Nations." Quarterly Journal of Economics 112(4): 1027-56.
11. Alesina, Alberto, and Romain Wacziarg. 1998. "Openness, Country Size and the Government." Journal of Public Economics 69(3): 305-21.
12. Allport, Gordon W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
13. Amar, Akhil Reed. 1998. The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction. Yale University Press.
14. Atkinson, A. B. 1995. Incomes and the Welfare State: Essays on Britain and Europe. Cambridge University Press.
15. Becker, Gary. 1957. The Economics of Discrimination. University of Chicago Press.
16. Benabou, Ronald. 1996. "Inequality and Growth." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1996, edited by Ben Bernanke and Julio Rotemberg. MIT Press.
17. Benabou, Ronald, and Efe Ok. 2001. "Social Mobility and the Demand for Redistribution: The POUM Hypothesis." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(2): 447-87.
18. Blanchard, Olivier, and Pedro Portugal. 2001. "What Hides behind an Unemployment Rate: Comparing Portuguese and U.S. Labor Markets." American Economic Review 91(1): 187-207.
19. Boeri, Tito. 2000. Structural Change, Welfare Systems and Labour Reallocation: Lessons from the Transition of Formerly Planned Economies. Oxford University Press.
20. Brock, W., and Steven Durlauf. 2001. "Growth Economics and Reality." World Bank Economic Review 15(2): 229-72.
21. Cameron, David R. 1978. "The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis." American Political Science Review 72(4): 1243-61.
22. Checchi, Daniele, Andrea Ichino, and Andrea Rustichini. 1999. "More Equal but Less Mobile? Education Financing and Intergenerational Mobility in Italy and in the US." Journal of Public Economics 74(3): 351-93.
23. Cloward, Richard A., and Frances Fox Piven. 1993. Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. Vintage.
24. Cutler, David M., Edward L. Glaeser, and Jacob L. Vigdor. 1999. "The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto." Journal of Political Economy 107(3): 455-506.
25. Davis, James Allan, and Tom W. Smith. 1999. General Social Surveys, 1972-1998. Data file. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.
26. Deininger, Klaus, and Lyn Squire. 1996. "A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality." World Bank Economic Review 10(3): 565-91.
27. De Tocqueville, A. 1835. Democracy in America. London: Saunders and Otley.
28. Di Pasquale, Denise, and Edward L. Glaeser. 1998. "The L.A. Riot and the Economics of Urban Unrest." Journal of Urban Economics 43(1): 52-78.
29. D'Souza, Dinesh. 1995. The End of Racism: Principles for a Multiracial Society. New York: Free Press.
30. Durlaf, Steven. Forthcoming. "The Memberships Theory of Inequality: How Group Affiliations Influence Socioeconomic Outcomes." In The Past and Future of Poverty in the United States, edited by Sheldon Danzieger and Robert Haveman. Harvard University Press.
31. Easterly, William, and Ross Levine. 1997. "Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions." Quarterly Journal of Economics 112(4): 1203-50.
32. Fields, Gary S., and Efe Ok. 1999. "Measuring Movement of Incomes." Economica 66(264): 455-71.
33. Gavin, Michael, and Roberto Perotti. 1997. "Fiscal Policy in Latin America." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, edited by Ben S. Bernanke and Julio J. Rotemberg. MIT Press.
34. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. University of Chicago Press.
35. Glaeser, Edward L., and Andrei Shleifer. 2001a. "Legal Origins." Working Paper 8272. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (May).
36. _. 2001b. "Not-for-Profit Entrepreneurs." Journal of Public Economics 81(1): 99-115.
37. Glaeser, Edward L., and others. 2000. "Measuring Trust." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(3): 811-46.
38. Gottschalk, Peter, and Enrico Spolaore. 2001. "On the Evaluation of Economic Mobility." Working Paper 459. Boston College (March).
39. Inglehart, Ronald, Miguel Basáñez, and Alejandro Menéndez Moreno. 1998. Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook: Political, Religious, Sexual, and Economic Norms in 43 Societies; Findings from the 1990-1993 World Values Survey. University of Michigan Press.
40. Inglehart, Ronald, and others. 2000. World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981-1984, 1990-1993, and 1995-1997. Data file, ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute for Social Research.
41. Kontopoulos, Yianos, and Roberto Perotti. 1999. "Government Fragmentation and Fiscal Policy Outcomes: Evidence from OECD Countries." In Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance, edited by James Poterba and Jugen von Hagen. University of Chicago Press.
42. Ladd, Everett Carll, and Karlyn H. Bowman. 1998. Attitudes toward Economic Inequality. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press.
43. Levinson, David. 1998. Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Phoenix: Oryz Press.
44. Lindbeck, Assar. 1997. "The Swedish Experiment." Journal of Economic Literature 35(3): 1273-1319.
45. Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1996. American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. Norton.
46. Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Gary Marks. 2000. It Didn't Happen Here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States. Norton.
47. Long, Larry E. 1988. Migration and Residential Mobility in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
48. Luttmer, Erzo F. P. 2001. "Group Loyalty and the Taste for Redistribution." Journal of Political Economy 109(3): 500-28.
49. Meltzer, Allan H., and Scott E. Richard. 1981. "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government." Journal of Political Economy 89(5): 914-27.
50. Milesi-Ferretti, Gian, Roberto Perotti, and Massimo Rostagno. Forthcoming. "Electoral Systems and Public Spending." Quarterly Journal of Economics.
51. Nardinelli, Clark, and Curtis Simon. 1990. "Customer Racial Discrimination in the Market for Memorabilia: The Case of Baseball." Quarterly Journal of Economics 105(3): 575-95.
52. Nickell, Stephen. 1997. "Unemployment and Labor Market Rigidities: Europe versus North America." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11(3): 55-74.
53. Nickell, Stephen, and Richard Layard. 1999. "Labor Market Institutions and Economic Performance." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 3C, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card. Amsterdam: North Holland.
54. Nisbett, Richard E., and Dov Cohen. 1996. Culture of Honor: The Psychology of Violence in the South. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
55. Oates, W. 1999. "An Essay on Fiscal Federalism." Journal of Economic Literature 37(3): 1120-49.
56. Palacios, Robert, and Montserrat Pallares-Miralles. 2000. "International Patterns of Pension Provision." World Bank Discussion Paper 0009. Washington: World Bank.
57. Patterson, James T. 1986. America's Struggle Against Poverty: 1900-1985 (paperback edition). Harvard University Press.
58. Perotti, Roberto. 1996. "Growth, Income Distribution and Democracy: What the Data Say." Journal of Economic Growth 1(2): 149-87.
59. _. 1999. "Fiscal Policy in Good Times and Bad." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(4): 1399-1436.
60. Persson, Torsten. 2001. "Do Political Institutions Shape Economic Policy?" Working Paper 8214. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (April).
61. Persson, Torsten, and Guido Tabellini. 1994. "Is Inequality Harmful for Growth?" American Economic Review 84(3): 600-21.
62. _. 2000. "Political Institutions and Policy Outcomes: What Are the Stylized Facts?" Unpublished paper. Stockholm: Institute for International Economic Studies (July).
63. Picketty, Thomas. 1995. "Social Mobility and Redistributive Politics." Quarterly Journal of Economics 110(3): 551-84.
64. Piketty, Thomas, and Emmanuel Saez. 2001. "Income Inequality in the United States, 1913-1998." Working Paper 8467. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research (September).
65. Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
66. Rabin, Mathew. 1993. "Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics." American Economic Review 83(5): 1281-1302.
67. Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press.
68. Rodrik, Dani. 1998. "Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments?" Journal of Political Economy 106(5): 997-1032.
69. Roemer, John E. 1993. "A Pragmatic Theory of Responsibility for the Egalitarian Planner." Philosophy and Public Affairs 22(2): 146-66.
70. _. 1998. Equality of Opportunity. Harvard University Press.
71. Romer, P. 1996. "Preferences, Promises, and the Politics of Entitlement." In Individual and Social Responsibility: Child Care, Education, Medical Care, and Long-Term Care in America, edited by V. Fuchs. University of Chicago Press.
72. Roubini, Nouriel, and Jeffrey D. Sachs. 1989a. "Government Spending and Budget Deficits in the Industrial Countries." Economic Policy 8.
73. _. 1989b. "Political and Economic Determinants of Budget Deficits in the Industrial Democracies." European Economic Review 33(5): 903-33.
74. Scholz, John Karl, and Kara Levine. Forthcoming. "The Evolution of Income Support Policy in Recent Decades." In The Past and Future of Poverty in the United States, edited by Sheldon Danziger and Robert Haveman. Harvard University Press.
75. Skocpol, Theda. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Harvard University Press.
76. Skocpol, Theda, Marshall Ganz, and Ziad Munson. 2000. "A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the United States." American Political Science Review 94(3): 527-46.
77. Skowronek, Stephen. 1982. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities. Cambridge University Press.
78. Sombart, Werner. 1905. Socialism and the Social Movement. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr.
79. Taeuber, Karl E., and Alma F. Taeuber. 1965. Negroes in Cities: Residential Segregation and Neighborhood Change. Chicago: Aldine.
80. Tanzi, Vito, and Ludger Schuknecht. 2000. Public Spending in the 20th Century: A Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
81. Tornell, Aaron, and Andres Velasco. 1995. "Fiscal Discipline and the Choice of Exchange Rate Regime." European Economic Review 39(3-4): 759-70.
82. Trivers, Robert. 1971. "Natural Selection and Social Behavior." Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.
83. Whaples, Robert. 1995. "Where Is There Consensus among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions." Journal of Economic History 55(1): 139-54.
84. Woodward, C. Vann. 1955. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Oxford University Press.
85. World Bank. 1994. Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth. New York: Oxford University Press.