Qualitative analysis of seized synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones by gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Drug Testing and Analysis

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 121-130

  Gwak, Seongshin ^a   Arroyo Mora, Luis E ^a   Almirall, José R ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Designer drugs; GC MS MS; Synthetic cannabinoids; Synthetic cathinones

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; DRUG PRODUCTS; ION SOURCES; IONIZATION OF GASES; MASS SPECTROMETERS; MASS SPECTROMETRY;

CATHINONE; CHEMICAL IONIZATION; DESIGNER DRUGS; DRUG ANALYSIS; GC/MS/MS; MASS SPECTRA; SEIZED DRUGS; SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID; SYNTHETIC CATHINONE; TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY;

1 (5 FLUOROPENTYL) 3 (1 NAPHTHOYL)INDOLE; 1 BUTYL 3 (1 NAPHTHOYL)INDOLE; 3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PENTYLINDOLE; 3 FLUOROMETHCATHINONE; 3,4 DIMETHYLMETHCATHINONE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXU N METHCATHINONE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; 4 METHYL METHCATHINONE; 4 METHYLETHCATHINONE; AM 2233; CANNABINOID; CANNABIPIPERIDIETHANONE; CATHINONE; CP 47 497; DESIGNER DRUG; JWH 019; JWH 022; JWH 081; JWH 122; JWH 200; JWH 201; JWH 203; JWH 249; JWH 250; JWH 251; JWH 302; JWH 398; METHOXYMETHCATHINONE; METHYLONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ALKALOID;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL IONIZATION; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; ELECTRON IONIZATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPH; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTRON IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MULTIPLE REACTION MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; REACTION ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; EVALUATION STUDY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; PROCEDURES; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

ALKALOIDS; CANNABINOIDS; DESIGNER DRUGS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 84922025457     PISSN: 19427603     EISSN: 19427611     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dta.1667     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. A.S. Christophersen. Amphetamine designer drugs-an overview and epidemiology. Toxicol. Lett. 2000, 112, 127.
2. S. Gibbons, M. Zloh. An analysis of the 'legal high' mephedrone. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 4135.
3. N. Uchiyama, M. Kawamura, R. Kikura-Hanajiri, Y. Goda. Identification and quantitation of two cannabimimetic phenylacetylindoles JWH-251 and JWH-250, and four cannabimimetic naphthoylindoles JWH-081, JWH-015, JWH-200, and JWH-073 as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol. 2011, 29, 25.
4. UNODC. World Drug Report 2013. United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, Vienna, 2013.
5. S.J.B. Dunham, P.D. Hooker, R.M. Hyde. Identification, extraction and quantification of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 from commercially available herbal marijuana alternatives. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 223, 241.
6. P.I. Dargan, S. Hudson, J. Ramsey, D.M. Wood. The impact of changes in UK classification of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in 'Spice'. Int. J. Drug Policy 2011, 22, 274.
7. C.D. Rosenbaum, S.P. Carreiro, K.M. Babu. Here today, gone tomorrow... and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines. J. Med. Toxicol. 2012, 8, 15.
8. E. Airuehia, L.Y. Walker, J. Nittler. A review of 'Bath Salts': Evolving designer drugs of abuse. J. Clin. Toxicol. 2012, 2, 125.
9. J.M. McClean, A. Anspikian, J.W. Tsuang. Bath salt use: A case report and review of the literature. J. Dual Diagnosis 2012, 8, 250.
10. AAPCC. Synthetic Marijuana Data. American Association of Poison Control Centers, Alexandria, VA, 2013.
11. AAPCC. Bath Salts Data. American Association of Poison Control Centers, Alexandria, VA, 2013.
12. DEA. List of Controlled Substances. US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration, Springfield, VA, 2013.
13. R.P. Archer. Fluoromethcathinone, a new substance of abuse. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 185, 10.
14. A. Camilleri, M.R. Johnston, M. Brennan, S. Davis, D.G.E. Caldicott. Chemical analysis of four capsules containing the controlled substance analogues 4-methylmethcathinone, 2-fluoromethamphetamine, α-phthalimidopropiophenone and N-ethylcathinone. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 197, 59.
15. S.D. Brandt, H.R. Sumnall, F. Measham, J. Cole. Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: Initial findings. Drug Test. Anal. 2010, 2, 377.
16. H.A. Spiller, M.L. Ryan, R.G. Weston, J. Jansen. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of 'bath salts' and 'legal highs' (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin. Toxicol. 2011, 49, 499.
17. R. Kikura-Hanajiri, N. Uchiyama, Y. Goda. Survey of current trends in the abuse of psychotropic substances and plants in Japan. Leg. Med. 2011, 13, 109.
18. H. Choi, S. Heo, S. Choe, W. Yang, Y. Park, E. Kim, H. Chung, J. Lee. Simultaneous analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in the materials seized during drug trafficking using GC-MS. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 405, 3937.
19. B. Moosmann, S. Kneisel, A. Wohlfarth, V. Brecht, V. Auwärter. A fast and inexpensive procedure for the isolation of synthetic cannabinoids from 'Spice' products using a flash chromatography system. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013, 405, 3929.
20. N. Uchiyama, M. Kawamura, R. Kikura-Hanajiri, Y. Goda. Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol. 2012, 30, 114.
21. H. Choi, S. Heo, E. Kim, B.Y. Hwang, C. Lee, J. Lee. Identification of (1-pentylindol-3-yl)-(2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) methanone and its 5-pentyl fluorinated analog in herbal incense seized for drug trafficking. Forensic Toxicol. 2013, 31, 86.
22. M. Uhl. Determination of drugs in hair using GC/MS/MS. Forensic Sci. Int. 1997, 84, 281.
23. P. Kintz, V. Cirimele, C. Jamey, B. Ludes. Testing for GHB in hair by GC/MS/MS after a single exposure application to document sexual assault. J. Forensic Sci. 2003, 48, 195.
24. C. Gambelunghe, R. Rossi, C. Ferranti, R. Rossi, M. Bacci. Hair analysis by GC/MS/MS to verify abuse of drugs. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2005, 25, 205.
25. F. Westphal, P. Rösner, T. Junge. Differentiation of regioisomeric ring-substituted fluorophenethylamines with product ion spectrometry. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 194, 53.
26. F. Westphal, T. Junge. Ring positional differentiation of isomeric N-alkylated fluorocathinones by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 223, 97.
27. Y. Nakazono, K. Tsujikawa, K. Kuwayama, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata, K. Miyamoto, F. Kasuya, H. Inoue. Differentiation of regioisomeric fluoroamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol. 2013, 31, 241.
28. K. Zaitsu, H. Miyagawa, Y. Sakamoto, S. Matsuta, K. Tsuboi, H. Nishioka, M. Katagi, T. Sato, M. Tatsuno, H. Tsuchihashi, K. Suzuki, A. Ishii. Mass spectrometric differentiation of the isomers of mono-methoxyethylamphetamines and mono-methoxydimethylamphetamines by GC-EI-MS-MS. Forensic Toxicol. 2013, 31, 292.
29. N. Etxebarria, O. Zuloaga, M. Olivares, L.J. Bartolomé, P. Navarro. Retention-time locked methods in gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216, 1624.