Interventions to Prevent HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Latino Migrants

HIV Prevention with Latinos: Theory, Research, and Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Painter, Thomas M ^a   Organista, Kurt C ^b   Rhodes, Scott D ^c   Sañudo, Fernando M ^d  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d Health Promotion Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Day laborers; Farmworkers; Hombres; Migrants; Mobile livelihoods; Sociodemographic characteristics; Tres hombres sin fronteras

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921751617     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764303.003.0018     Document Type: Chapter

References (113)

1. Anderson, C. A. (2006). Final report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on adapting Safety Counts for migrant workers who use drugs. Tucson, AZ: Border Health Foundation.
2. Apostolopoulos, Y., Somnez, S., Kronenfeld, J., Castillo, E., McLendon, L., & Smith, D. (2006). STI/HIV risks for Mexican migrant laborers: Exploratory ethnographies. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 8, 291-302.
3. Aranda-Naranjo, B., Gaskins, S., Bustamente, L., Lopez, L. C., & Rodriguiz, J. (2000). La desesperación: Migrant and seasonal farm workers living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 11(2), 22-28.
4. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
5. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
6. Bastos, F. I., Cáceres, C., Galvão, J., Veras, M. A., & Castilho, E. A. (2008). AIDS in Latin America: Assessing the current status of the epidemic and the ongoing response. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 729-737.
7. Brammeier, M., Chow, J. M., Samuel, M. C., Organista, K. C., Miller, J., & Bolan, G. (2008). Sexually transmitted diseases and risk behaviors among California farmworkers: Results from a population-based survey. The Journal of Rural Health, 24(3), 279-284.
8. Bronfman, M., Sejenovich, G., & Uribe, P. (1998). Migración y SIDA en México y América Central. Mexico City: Ángulos del SIDA and CONASIDA [Consejo Nacional para la prevención y Control del VIH/SIDA].
9. Carrillo, H. (2002). The night is young: Sexuality in Mexico in the time of AIDS. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
10. Cashman, S. B., Adeky, S., Allen, A., Corburn, J., Israel, B. A., Montaño, J., et al. (2008). Analyzing and interpreting data with communities. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health:From process to outcomes (2 ed., pp. 285-302). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
11. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (1988). Epidemiologic notes and reports: HIV seroprevalence in migrant and seasonal farmworkers -North Carolina, 1987. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37, 517-519.
12. CDC. (2006). AIDS cases, by geographic area of residence and metropolitan statistical area of residence, 2004. HIV/AIDS surveillance supplemental report 2006, 12(2), 1-65. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention. Also available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/ surveillance/resources/reports/2006supp_vol12no2/default.htm. Accessed September 30, 2008.
13. CDC. (2007). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2006. Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, November. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/toc2006.htm. Accessed September 26, 2008.
14. CENSIDA. (2003). Epidemiología del VIH/SIDA en México en el año 2003. Mexico, D.F.: Centro Nacional para la prevención y control del VIH/SIDA, Secretaría de Salud. 01 noviembre. Available at http://www.salud.gob.mx/ conasida/estadis/pre2003.pdf. Accessed November 10, 2006.
15. CONASIDA. (2000). El SIDA en México en el año 2000. Mexico, D.F.:Centro Nacional para la prevención y control del VIH/SIDA. Available at http:// www.ssa.gob.mx/conasida. Accessed November 10, 2006.
16. Conner, R. F. (1990). AIDS prevention with Hispanic farm workers: A formative evaluation. Report to the California Community Foundation, Los Angeles, California.
17. Cornelius, W. A., Fitzgerald, D. S., & Fisher, P. W. (Eds.) (2007). Mayan journeys: The new migration from Yucatán to the United States. La Jolla, CA:Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, San Diego.
18. Del Rio, C., & Sepúlveda, J. (2002). AIDS in Mexico: Lessons learned and implications for developing countries. AIDS, 16, 1445-1457.
19. Eng, E., Rhodes, S. D., & Parker, E. (2009). Natural helper models to enhance a community's health and competence. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby, & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research (2nd ed., pp. 303-330). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
20. Espinoza, L., Hall, H. I., Selik, R. M., & Hu, X. (2008). Characteristics of HIV infection among Hispanics, United States 2003-2006. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 49, 94-101.
21. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Beliefs, attitudes, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
22. Frasca, T. (2009). Shaping the new response: HIV/AIDS & Latinos in the Deep South. New York: The Latino Commission on AIDS. Available at http:// www.latinoaids.org/programs/southproject/docs/DeepSouthReportWeb.pdf. Accessed February 11, 2009.
23. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (Ramos, M. B., Trans.). New York: Continuum.
24. Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Seabury Press.
25. Galvan, F. H., Ortiz, D. J., Martinez, V., & Bing, E. G. (2008). Sexual solicitation of Latino male day laborers by other men. Salud Pública de México, 50, 439-446.
26. Gayet, C., Magis-Rodriguez, C., & Bronfman, M. P. (2000). Aspectos conceptuales sobre la relación entre la migración y el SIDA en México. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologicas, 20, 134-140.
27. Glanz, K., Marcus Lewis, F., & Rimer, B. K. (Eds.). (1997). Health behavior and health education: Theory research and practice (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
28. Grzywacz, J. G., Quandt, S. A., Early, J. T., Tapia, J., Graham, C. N., & Arcury, T. A. (2004). Leaving family for work: Ambivalence & mental health among migrant Latino farmworkers. Working Paper 04-01, Center for Latino Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University School of Medicine.
29. Harawa, N. T., Bingham, T. A., Cochran, S. D., Greenland, S., & Cunningham, W. E. (2002). HIV prevalence among foreign- and US-born clients of public STD clinics. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1958-1963.
30. Herbst, J. H., Kay, L. S., Passin, W. F., Lyles, C. M., Crepaz, N., & Marin, B. V. for the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Team. (2007). A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico. AIDS and Behavior, 11, 25-47.
31. Hernández, M. T., Sanchez, M., Aoki, B., Ruiz, J., Bravo Garcia, E., Samuel, M., & Lemp, G. (2007). Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among Mexican migrants in California. Los Angeles, California. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, California, February 25-27, 2007. Abstract no. 965. Available at http:// www.retroconference.org/2007/Abstracts/29358.htm. Accessed April 3, 2009.
32. Hernández, M. T., Sanchez, M. A., Ayala, L., Magis-Rodríguez, C., Ruiz, J. D., Samuel, M. C., Aoki, B. K., Garza, A. H., & Lemp, G. F. (2009). Methamphetamine and cocaine use among Mexican migrants in California:The California-Mexico Epidemiological Surveillance Pilot. AIDS Education & Prevention, 21(5, Suppl 1), 34-44.
33. Hernández, M. T., Sanchez, M. A., Ayala, L. A., Magis-Rodriguez, C., Ruiz, J. D., Samuel, M. D., Lemp, G. F., & Drake, M. V. (2008). Mexican migrants in California and methamphetamines: The California-Mexico Epidemiological Surveillance Pilot (CMESP). XVII International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, August 3-8, 2008. Available at http://www.aids2008.org/Pag/Abstracts.aspx?AID=3914. Accessed April 3, 2009.
34. Hernández, M. T., Sanchez, M. A., Ruiz, J. D., Samuel, M. C., Magis, C., Drake, M. V., & Lemp, G. F. (2005). High STI rates and risk behaviors among Mexican migrants in California. National HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, June 12-15. Abstract No. M3-B0202. Available at http://www.aegis.org/ conferences/nhivpc/2005/M3-B0202.html. Accessed April 3, 2009.
35. Hirsch, J. S. (2003). A courtship after marriage: Sexuality and love in Mexican transnational families. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36. Hirsch, J. S., Higgins, J., Bentley, M. E., & Nathanson, C. A. (2002). The social constructions of sexuality: Marital infidelity and sexually transmitted disease -HIV risk in a Mexican migrant community. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1227-1237.
37. Hirsch, J. S., Meneses, S., Thompson, B., Negroni, M., Pelcastre, B., & del Rio, C. (2007). The inevitability of infidelity: Sexual reputation, social geographies, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 886-996.
38. Hirsch, J. S., Muñoz-Laboy, M., Nyhus, C. M., Yount, K. M., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2009). "Because he misses his normal life back home": Masculinity and sexual behavior among Mexican migrants in Atlanta, Georgia. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(1), 23-32.
39. Hirsch, J. S., & Yount, K. M. (2001). "Because he misses his normal life back home": Social and cultural influences on Mexican migrants' and HIV risk behaviors. 2001 Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC, November 28-December 2.
40. Inciardi, J. A., Surrat, H. L., Colon, H. M., Chitwood, D. D., & Rivers, J. E. (1999). Drug use and HIV risks among migrant workers on the DelMarVa Peninsula. Substance Use & Abuse, 34, 653-666.
41. Jones, J. L., Rion, P., Hollis, S., Longshore, S., Leverette, W. B., & Ziff, L. (1991). HIV related characteristics of migrant workers in rural South Carolina. Southern Medical Journal, 84, 1088-1090.
42. Kandel, W., & Parrado, E. A. (2004). Hispanics in the American south and the transformation of the poultry industry. In D. D. Arreola (Ed.), Hispanic spaces, Latino places: Community and cultural diversity in contemporary America (pp. 255-276). Austin: University of Texas Press.
43. Kissinger, P., Kovacs, S., Anderson-Smits, C., Schmidt, N., Salinas, O., Hembling, J., Beaulieu, A., Longfellow, L., Liddon, N., Rice, J., & Shedlin, M. (2012). Patterns and predictors of HIV/STI risk among Latino migrant men in a new receiving community. AIDS and Behavior, 16(1), 199-213.
44. Kissinger, P., Liddon, N., Schmidt, N., Curtin, E., Salinas, O., & Narvaez, A. (2008). HIV/STI risk behaviors among Latino migrants in New Orleans posthurricane Katrina disaster. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 35, 924-929.
45. Knipper, E., Rhodes, S. D., Lindstrom, K., Bloom, F. R., Leichliter, J. S., & Montano, J. (2007). Condom use among heterosexual immigrant Latino men in the southeastern United States. AIDS Education and Prevention, 19(5), 436-447.
46. Kochhar, R. (2005). Latino labor report, 2004: More jobs for new immigrants but at lower wages. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. Available at http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/45.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2009.
47. Kochhar, R., Suro, R., & Tafoya, S. (2005). The new Latino South: The context and consequences of rapid population growth. Report. Washington, DC: PEW Hispanic Center. Available at http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/50.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2009.
48. Kullgren, J. (2003). Restrictions on undocumented immigrants' access to health services: The public health implications of welfare reform. American Journal of Public Health, 80, S54-S60.
49. Lafferty, J. (1991). Self-injection and needle sharing among migrant farmworkers. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 221.
50. Lafferty, J., Foulk, D., & Ryan, R. (1990-91). Needle sharing for the use of therapeutic drugs as a potential AIDS risk behavior among migrant Hispanic farmworkers in the Eastern stream. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 11, 135-143.
51. Lara, M., Gamboa, C., Kahramanian M. I., Morales, L. S., & Bautista, D. E. (2005). Acculturation and Latino health in the United States: A review of the literature and its sociopolitical context. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 367-397.
52. Levy, V., Page-Shafer, K., Evans, J., Ruiz, J., Morrow, S., Reardon, J., Lynch, M., Raymond, H. F., Klausner, J. D., Facer, M., Molitor, F., Allen, B., Ajufo, B. G., Ferrero, D., Sanford, G. B., McFarland, W., & HeyMan Study Team. (2005). HIV-related risk behavior among Hispanic immigrant men in a populationbased household survey in low-income neighborhoods of northern California. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 32(8), 487-490.
53. Levy, V., Prentiss, D., Balmas, G., Chen, S., Israelski, D., Katzenstein, D., & Page-Shafer, K. (2007). Factors in the delayed HIV presentation of immigrants in northern California: Implications for voluntary counseling and testing programs. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 9(1), 49-54.
54. Lopez, A. A. (2007). The farmworkers' journey. Berkeley: University of California Press.
55. Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. (2000). HIV epidemiology program: An epidemiological profile of HIV and AIDS in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Department of Health Services.
56. Magaña, J. R. (1991). "Sex, drugs and HIV: An ethnographic approach.". Social Science and Medicine, 33, 5-9.
57. Magaña, J. R., Conner, R. F., Mishra, S. I., & Lewis, M. A. (1990). An AIDS prevention program for Hispanic/Latino farmworkers. Annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, New York, September 30-October 4.
58. Magis-Rodriguez, C., Gayet, C., Negroni, M., Leyva, R., Bravo-Garcia, E., Uribe, P., & Bronfman, M. (2004). Migration and AIDS in Mexico. An overview based on recent evidence. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37, S215-S226.
59. Martinez-Donate, A. P., Rangel, M. G., Hovell, M. F., Santibanez, J., Sipan, C. L., & Izáosla, J. A. (2005). HIV infection in mobile populations: The case of Mexican migrants in the United States. Pan American Journal of Public Health, 17(1), 26-29.
60. Massey, D. D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (2005). Worlds in motion: Understanding international migration at the end of the millennium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
61. McVea, K. L. S. P. (1997). Lay injection practices among migrant farmworkers in the age of AIDS: Evolution of biomedical folk practices. Social Science and Medicine, 45, 91-98.
62. Menjívar, C. (2000). Fragmented ties: Salvadoran immigrant networks in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
63. Mishra, S. I., & Conner, R. F. (1996). Evaluation of an HIV prevention program among Latino farmworkers. In S. I. Mishra, R. F. Conner, & J. R. Magaña (Eds.), AIDS crossing borders: The spread of HIV among Migrant Latinos (pp. 157-181). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
64. Mishra, S. I., Conner, R. F., & Magaña, J. R. (1996). Migrant workers in the United States: A profile from the fields. In S. I. Mishra, R. F. Conner, & J. R. Magaña (Eds.), AIDS crossing borders: The spread of HIV among migrant Latinos (pp. 3-24). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
65. Mishra, S. I., Sañudo, F., & Conner, R. F. (2004). Collaborative research toward HIV prevention among migrant farmworkers. In B. P. Bowser, S. I. Mishra, C. J. Reback, & G. F. Lemp (Eds.), Preventing AIDS: Communityscience collaborations (pp. 69-95). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
66. Muñoz-Laboy, M., Hirsch, J. S., & Quipse-Lazaro, A. (2009). Loneliness as a sexual risk factor for male Mexican migrant workers. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1-9.
67. Newland, K. (2009). Circular migration and human development. Human Development Research Paper 2009/42. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
68. Organista, K. C. (2007). Towards a structural-environmental model of risk for HIV and problem drinking in Latino labor migrants: The case of day laborers. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 16, 95-125.
69. Organista, K. C., Alvarado, N., Balbutin-Burnham, A., Worby, P., & Martinez, S. (2006). An exploratory study of HIV prevention with Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 5(2), 89-114.
70. Organista, K. C., Balls Organista, P., Garcia de Alba, G., Castillo Moran, M., & Ureta Carillo, L. (1997). Survey of condom-related beliefs, behaviors, and perceived social norms in Mexican migrant laborers. Journal of Community Health, 22, 185-198.
71. Organista, K. C., Carillo, H., & Ayala, G. (2004). HIV prevention with Mexican migrants: Review, critique, and recommendations. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37, S227-S239.
72. Organista, K. C., & Kubo, A. (2005). Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. Journal of Immigrant Health, 7(4), 269-281.
73. Painter, T. M. (1996). Space, time and rural-urban linkages in Africa. Notes for a geography of livelihoods. African Rural and Urban Studies, 3(1), 79-98.
74. Painter, T. M. (1999). Livelihood mobility and AIDS prevention in West Africa:Challenges and opportunities for social scientists. In C. Becker, J-P. Dozon, C. Obbo, & M. Touré (Eds.), Vivre et penser le sida en Afrique/Experiencing and understanding AIDS in Africa (pp. 645-665). Paris: Karthala, IRD; Dakar:CODESRIA.
75. Painter, T. M. (2004). A missing link? Migrants' social support networks as a potential resource for increasing migrants' participation in HIV/STD-related and other health care services. Presentation at the 17th Annual East Coast Migrant Stream Forum, St. Petersburg, Florida, October 21-23.
76. Painter, T. M. (2008). Connecting the dots: When the risks of HIV/STD infection appear high but the burden of infection is not known-the case of male Latino migrants in the southern United States. AIDS and Behavior, 12, 213-226.
77. Painter, T. M., Schulden, J. D., Song, B., Valverde, E., Borman, M. A., Monroe-Spencer, K., Bautista, G., Saleheen, H., Voetsch, A., & Heffelfinger, J. D. (2011). HIV testing histories and risk factors reported by migrants tested for HIV by three CBOs. 2011 National HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, August 14-17, 2011. Abstract no. 1287.
78. Parker, E. A., Eng, E., Laraia, B., Ammerman, A., Dodds, J., Margolis, L., et al. (1998). Coalition building for prevention: Lessons learned from the North Carolina community-based public health initiative. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 4(2), 25-36.
79. Parrado, E. A., Flippen, C. A., & McQuiston, C. (2004). Use of commercial sex workers among Hispanic migrants in North Carolina:Implications for the diffusion of HIV. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36, 150-156.
80. Passel, J. S. (2005). Unauthorized migrants: Numbers and characteristics. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center, June 14. Available at http:// pewhispanic.org/files/reports/46.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2009.
81. Passel, J. S., & Cohn, D. (2008). Trends in unauthorized immigration:Undocumented inflow now trails legal inflow. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center, October 2008. Available at http://pewhispanic.org/files/ reports/94.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2009.
82. Passel, J. S., & Cohn, D. (2010). U.S. unauthorized immigration flows are down sharply since mid-decade. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center, September 1. Available at http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?ReportID=126. Accessed December 8, 2010.
83. Paz-Bailey, G., Teran, S., Levine, W., & Markowitz, L. E. (2004). Syphilis outbreak among Hispanic immigrants in Decatur, Alabama. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 31, 20-25.
84. Portes, A., & Walton, J. (1981). Labor, class, and the international system. New York: Academic Press.
85. Rajabiun, S., Rumptz, M. H., Felizzola, J., Frye, A., Relf, M., Yu, G., & Cunningham, W. W. (2008). The impact of acculturation on Latinos' perceived barriers to HIV primary care. Ethnicity & Disease, 18, 403-408.
86. Rangel, M. G., Martínez-Donate, A. P., Hovell, M. F., Santibáñez, J., Sipan, C. L., & Izazola-Licea, J. A. (2006). Prevalence of risk factors for HIV infection among Mexican migrants and immigrants: Probability survey in the north border of Mexico. Salud Pública de México, 48, 3-12.
87. Rhodes, S. D., Eng, E., Hergenrather, K. C., Remnitz, I. M., Arceo, R., Montano, J., et al. (2007). Exploring Latino men's HIV risk using communitybased participatory research. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(2), 146-158.
88. Rhodes, S. D., Hergenrather, K. C., Bloom, F. R., Leichliter, J. S., & Montaño, J. (2009). Outcomes from a community-based, participatory lay health advisor HIV/STD prevention intervention for recently arrived immigrant Latino men in rural North Carolina, USA. AIDS Education & Prevention, 21(5), 103-108.
89. Rhodes, S. D., Hergenrather, K. C., Montano, J., Remnitz, I. M., Arceo, R., Bloom, F. R., Leichliter, J. S., & Bowden, W. P. (2006). Using communitybased participatory research to develop an intervention to reduce HIV and STD infections among Latino men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(5), 375-389.
90. Rosenstock, I. M. (1960). What research in motivation suggests for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 50, 295-301.
91. Ruiz J. D., Da Valle, L., Junghkeit, M., Mobed, K., & Lopez, R. (1997). Seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis and assessment of risk behaviors among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in Northern California. Sacramento, CA:Office of AIDS, California Department of Health Services.
92. Sanchez, M. A., Hernández, M. T., Vera, A., Magis Rodriguez, C., Ruiz, J. D., Drake, M. V., & Lemp, G. F. (2008). The effect of migration on HIV high-risk behaviors among Mexican migrants. 2008 International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, August 3-8, 2008. Abstract no. TUAD0203. Available at http:// www.aids2008.org/Pag/Abstracts.aspx?SID=282&AID=15433. Accessed April 3, 2009.
93. Sanchez, M. A., Lemp, G. F., Magis-Rodríguez, C., Bravo-García, E., Carter, S., & Ruiz, J. D. (2004). The epidemiology of HIV among Mexican migrants and recent immigrants in California and Mexico. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37(4), S204-S214.
94. Sañudo, F. M. (1999). The effects of a culturally appropriate HIV intervention on Mexican farmworkers' knowledge, attitudes, and condom use behavior. Unpublished master's thesis. San Diego, CA: Department of Public Health, San Diego State University.
95. Sassen, S. (1988). The mobility of labor and capital. A study in international investment and labor flow. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
96. Scott, S., & Wascher-Tavares, R. (2008). Safety Counts for migrant farmworkers: A cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce HIV/hepatitis risks among migrant farmworkers who use drugs. Draft Program Manual. Tucson and Atlanta: Border Health Foundation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
97. Shedlin, M. G., Decena, C. U., & Oliver-Velez, D. (2005). Initial acculturation and HIV risk among new Hispanic immigrants. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97, 32S-37S.
98. Solorio, M. R., Currier, J., & Cunningham, W. (2004). HIV health care services for Mexican migrants. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37, S240-S251.
99. Somerville, G. G., Diaz, S., Davis, S., Coleman, K. D., & Taveras, S. (2006). Adapting the popular opinion leader intervention for Latino young migrant men who have sex with men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(A), 37-148.
100. Southern State Directors Work Group. (2008). Southern States Manifesto:Update 2008. HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases in the South. Birmingham, AL: Southern AIDS Coalition.
101. Sowell, R. L., Holtz, C. S., & Velasquez, G. (2008). HIV infection returning to Mexico with migrant workers: An exploratory study. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 19, 267-282.
102. UNDP. (2009). Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming barriers:Human mobility and development. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
103. U.S. Census. (1990). Table DP-1, General population and housing characteristics, 1990 census of population and housing, Summary Tape File 1 (100% Data). Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990. Available at http://factfinder.census.gov. Accessed September 25, 2008.
104. U.S. Census. (2007). Table DP-1, General demographic characteristics, 2007 population estimates. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census, July 1, 2007. Available at http://factfinder.census.gov. Accessed September 25, 2008.
105. U.S. Department of Labor. (2005). Findings from the national agricultural workers survey (NAWS) 2001-2002. Research Report No. 9. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, Office of Programmatic Policy. March. Available at http://www.doleta.gov/agworker/ report9/naws_rpt9.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2009.
106. Varela-Ramirez, A., Mejia, A., Garcia, D., Bader, J., & Aguilera, R. J. (2005). HIV infection and risk behavior of Hispanic farm workers at the west Texas-Mexico border. Ethnicity & Disease, 15(4 Suppl 5), S5-92-96.
107. Vega, W. A., Kolody, B., Valle, R., & Weir, J. (1991). Social networks, social support, and their relationship to depression among Mexican women. Human Organization, 50, 154-162.
108. Viadro, C. I., & Earp, J. A. L. (2000). The sexual behavior of married Mexican immigrant men in North Carolina. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 723-735.
109. Vissman, A. T., Eng, E., Aronson, R. E., Bloom, F. R., Leichliter, J. S., Montaño, J., & Rhodes, S. D. (2009). What do men who serve as lay health advisors really do?: Immigrant Latino men share their experiences as Navegantes to prevent HIV. AIDS Education and Prevention, 21(3), 220-232.
110. Wallerstein, N. (1992). Health and safety education for workers with lowliteracy or limited-English skills. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 22(5), 751-765.
111. Wallerstein, N. (1994). Empowerment education applied to youth. In A. C. Matiella (Ed.), The multicultural challenge in health education (pp. 153-176). Santa Cruz, CA: ETR Associates.
112. Wong, G., Tambis, J. A., Hernandez, M. T., Chaw, J. K., & Klausner, J. D. (2003). Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among Latino immigrant day laborers in an urban setting-San Francisco. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 30, 661-663.
113. Worby, P., & Organista, K. C. (2007). Alcohol use and problem drinking among male Mexican and Central American immigrant laborers: A review of the literature. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 413-455.