메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 335-347

Dispersal constraints and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two earthworm species

Author keywords

Gene dispersal; Genetic clustering; Genetic diversity; Isolation by distance; Soil biodiversity; Soil properties

Indexed keywords

AUTOCORRELATION; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; DISPERSAL; EARTHWORM; GENETIC ISOLATION; GENETIC STRUCTURE; POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 84921457776     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bij.12436     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0034987514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial analysis of allozyme and microsatellite DNA polymorphisms in the land snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda: Helicidae)
    • Arnaud JF, Madec L, Guiller A, Bellido A. 2001. Spatial analysis of allozyme and microsatellite DNA polymorphisms in the land snail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Molecular Ecology 10: 1563-1576.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 1563-1576
    • Arnaud, J.F.1    Madec, L.2    Guiller, A.3    Bellido, A.4
  • 4
    • 77950594537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of local population dynamics on patterns of isolation by distance
    • Bjorklund M, Bergek S, Ranta E, Kaitala V. 2010. The effect of local population dynamics on patterns of isolation by distance. Ecological Informatics 5: 167-172.
    • (2010) Ecological Informatics , vol.5 , pp. 167-172
    • Bjorklund, M.1    Bergek, S.2    Ranta, E.3    Kaitala, V.4
  • 5
    • 0000391628 scopus 로고
    • Stratégies lombriciennes
    • In: Lohm U, Persson T, eds. . Stockholm: Ecological Bulletin
    • Bouché MB. 1977. Stratégies lombriciennes. In: Lohm U, Persson T, eds. Soil organisms as components of ecosystems. Stockholm: Ecological Bulletin, 122-132.
    • (1977) Soil organisms as components of ecosystems , pp. 122-132
    • Bouché, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 39749142723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of invasive earthworms Dendrobaena octaedra in the boreal forest of Alberta: insights into introduction mechanisms
    • Cameron EK, Bayne EM, Coltman DW. 2008. Genetic structure of invasive earthworms Dendrobaena octaedra in the boreal forest of Alberta: insights into introduction mechanisms. Molecular Ecology 17: 1189-1197.
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Cameron, E.K.1    Bayne, E.M.2    Coltman, D.W.3
  • 7
    • 17444411569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on two earthworm species (Aporrectodea nocturna and Allolobophora icterica)
    • Capowiez Y, Rault M, Costagliola G, Mazzia C. 2005. Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on two earthworm species (Aporrectodea nocturna and Allolobophora icterica). Biology and Fertility of Soils 41: 135-143.
    • (2005) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.41 , pp. 135-143
    • Capowiez, Y.1    Rault, M.2    Costagliola, G.3    Mazzia, C.4
  • 9
    • 53749101140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High sexual reproduction and limited contemporary dispersal in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma scalpturatum: new insights from population genetics and spatial autocorrelation analysis
    • Carriconde F, Gryta H, Jargeat P, Mouhamadou B, Gardes M. 2008. High sexual reproduction and limited contemporary dispersal in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma scalpturatum: new insights from population genetics and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Molecular Ecology 17: 4433-4445.
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 4433-4445
    • Carriconde, F.1    Gryta, H.2    Jargeat, P.3    Mouhamadou, B.4    Gardes, M.5
  • 10
    • 0012237766 scopus 로고
    • On polyploidy in oligochaetes with particular reference to Lumbricids
    • In: Bonvicini Pagliai AM, Omodeo P, eds. . Modena: Selected Symposia and Monographs U.Z.I
    • Casellato S. 1987. On polyploidy in oligochaetes with particular reference to Lumbricids. In: Bonvicini Pagliai AM, Omodeo P, eds. On Earthworms. Modena: Selected Symposia and Monographs U.Z.I, 75-87.
    • (1987) On Earthworms , pp. 75-87
    • Casellato, S.1
  • 11
    • 0003395224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Clobert J. 2001. Dispersal. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2001) Dispersal
    • Clobert, J.1
  • 14
    • 84861683549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of earthworms as key representatives of the soil fauna
    • In: Edwards CA, ed. . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Edwards CA. 2004. The importance of earthworms as key representatives of the soil fauna. In: Edwards CA, ed. Earthworm ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 3-11.
    • (2004) Earthworm ecology , pp. 3-11
    • Edwards, C.A.1
  • 15
    • 80052901567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworms as colonizers of natural and cultivated soil environments
    • Eijsackers H. 2011. Earthworms as colonizers of natural and cultivated soil environments. Applied Soil Ecology 50: 1-13.
    • (2011) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 1-13
    • Eijsackers, H.1
  • 16
    • 0029759465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco
    • El Mousadik A, Petit RJ. 1996. High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92: 832-839.
    • (1996) Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.92 , pp. 832-839
    • El Mousadik, A.1    Petit, R.J.2
  • 17
    • 84986359294 scopus 로고
    • Insulation and isolation: factors influencing the genetic variation in Lumbricus rubellus Hoffm. (Lumbricidae) in the Faroe Islands
    • Enckell PH, Niklasson M, Stille B, Douwes P. 1986. Insulation and isolation: factors influencing the genetic variation in Lumbricus rubellus Hoffm. (Lumbricidae) in the Faroe Islands. Hereditas 104: 263-271.
    • (1986) Hereditas , vol.104 , pp. 263-271
    • Enckell, P.H.1    Niklasson, M.2    Stille, B.3    Douwes, P.4
  • 18
    • 0028528103 scopus 로고
    • DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates
    • Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology & Biotechnology 3: 294-299.
    • (1994) Molecular Marine Biology & Biotechnology , vol.3 , pp. 294-299
    • Folmer, O.1    Black, M.2    Hoeh, W.3    Lutz, R.4    Vrijenhoek, R.5
  • 19
    • 61449263230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using spatial Bayesian methods to determine the genetic structure of a continuously distributed population: clusters or isolation by distance?
    • Frantz AC, Cellina S, Krier A, Schley L, Burke T. 2009. Using spatial Bayesian methods to determine the genetic structure of a continuously distributed population: clusters or isolation by distance? Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 493-505.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 493-505
    • Frantz, A.C.1    Cellina, S.2    Krier, A.3    Schley, L.4    Burke, T.5
  • 20
    • 84921489121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices. Version 2.9.1 ed: Available at:
    • Goudet J. 2000. FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices. Version 2.9.1 ed: Available at: http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html
    • (2000)
    • Goudet, J.1
  • 21
    • 0030454565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing differentiation in diploid populations
    • Goudet J, Raymond M, deMeeus T, Rousset F. 1996. Testing differentiation in diploid populations. Genetics 144: 1933-1940.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 1933-1940
    • Goudet, J.1    Raymond, M.2    deMeeus, T.3    Rousset, F.4
  • 23
    • 0002051540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT
    • Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Symposium Series , vol.41 , pp. 95-98
    • Hall, T.A.1
  • 24
    • 0033179890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation by distance in a continuous population: reconciliation between spatial autocorrelation analysis and population genetics models
    • Hardy OJ, Vekemans X. 1999. Isolation by distance in a continuous population: reconciliation between spatial autocorrelation analysis and population genetics models. Heredity 83: 145-154.
    • (1999) Heredity , vol.83 , pp. 145-154
    • Hardy, O.J.1    Vekemans, X.2
  • 25
    • 0036899010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPAGEDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels
    • Hardy OJ, Vekemans X. 2002. SPAGEDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 618-620.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.2 , pp. 618-620
    • Hardy, O.J.1    Vekemans, X.2
  • 26
    • 0043082218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolutionary ecology of species' ranges
    • Holt RD. 2003. On the evolutionary ecology of species' ranges. Evolutionary Ecology Research 5: 159-178.
    • (2003) Evolutionary Ecology Research , vol.5 , pp. 159-178
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 27
    • 77955722810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apparent electrical conductivity as a surrogate variable for predicting earthworm abundances in tilled soils
    • Joschko M, Gebbers R, Barkusky D, Timmer J. 2010. The apparent electrical conductivity as a surrogate variable for predicting earthworm abundances in tilled soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 173: 584-590.
    • (2010) Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , vol.173 , pp. 584-590
    • Joschko, M.1    Gebbers, R.2    Barkusky, D.3    Timmer, J.4
  • 28
    • 33744792329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure among earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) from different sampling sites in western Germany based on random amplified polymorphic DNA
    • Kautenburger R. 2006. Genetic structure among earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) from different sampling sites in western Germany based on random amplified polymorphic DNA. Pedobiologia 50: 257-266.
    • (2006) Pedobiologia , vol.50 , pp. 257-266
    • Kautenburger, R.1
  • 29
    • 0001189920 scopus 로고
    • A model of genetic system which leads to closer linkage by natural selection
    • Kimura M. 1956. A model of genetic system which leads to closer linkage by natural selection. Evolution 10: 278-287.
    • (1956) Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 278-287
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 30
    • 54849432953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening a can of worms: unprecedented sympatric cryptic diversity within British lumbricid earthworms
    • King RA, Tibble AL, Symondson OC. 2008. Opening a can of worms: unprecedented sympatric cryptic diversity within British lumbricid earthworms. Molecular Ecology 17: 4694-4698.
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 4694-4698
    • King, R.A.1    Tibble, A.L.2    Symondson, O.C.3
  • 32
    • 0037387469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of mutational and sampling factors on the estimation of demographic parameters in a 'Continuous' population under isolation by distance
    • Leblois R, Estoup A, Rousset F. 2003. Influence of mutational and sampling factors on the estimation of demographic parameters in a 'Continuous' population under isolation by distance. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 491-502.
    • (2003) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 491-502
    • Leblois, R.1    Estoup, A.2    Rousset, F.3
  • 33
    • 0004170691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amsterdam, Boston, London, New York, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tockyo: Elsevier.
    • Legendre P, Legendre L. 1998. Numerical ecology, 2nd edn. Amsterdam, Boston, London, New York, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tockyo: Elsevier.
    • (1998) Numerical ecology, 2nd edn
    • Legendre, P.1    Legendre, L.2
  • 34
    • 33748109377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of Aporrectodea caliginosa from agricultural sites in Northeast Brandenburg, Germany
    • Lentzsch P, Golldack J. 2006. Genetic diversity of Aporrectodea caliginosa from agricultural sites in Northeast Brandenburg, Germany. Pedobiologia 50: 369-376.
    • (2006) Pedobiologia , vol.50 , pp. 369-376
    • Lentzsch, P.1    Golldack, J.2
  • 35
    • 84857378840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of land-use intensity can modify the relationship between functional complexity of the soil fauna and soil ecosystem services - a microcosm study
    • Liiri M, Hasa M, Haimi J, Setala H. 2012. History of land-use intensity can modify the relationship between functional complexity of the soil fauna and soil ecosystem services - a microcosm study. Applied Soil Ecology 55: 53-61.
    • (2012) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 53-61
    • Liiri, M.1    Hasa, M.2    Haimi, J.3    Setala, H.4
  • 36
    • 33846944337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-cycle traits of the dimorphic earthworm species Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826) under controlled laboratory conditions
    • Lowe CN, Butt KR. 2007. Life-cycle traits of the dimorphic earthworm species Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826) under controlled laboratory conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 43: 495-499.
    • (2007) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.43 , pp. 495-499
    • Lowe, C.N.1    Butt, K.R.2
  • 37
    • 51349139534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826): evidence for classification as two separate species
    • Lowe CN, Butt KR. 2008. Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826): evidence for classification as two separate species. Pedobiologia 52: 81-84.
    • (2008) Pedobiologia , vol.52 , pp. 81-84
    • Lowe, C.N.1    Butt, K.R.2
  • 38
    • 0027073535 scopus 로고
    • Colonization of new habitats by Earthworms
    • Marinissen JCY, Vandenbosch F. 1992. Colonization of new habitats by Earthworms. Oecologia 91: 371-376.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.91 , pp. 371-376
    • Marinissen, J.C.Y.1    Vandenbosch, F.2
  • 39
    • 72149096257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat quality, conspecific density, and habitat pre-use affect the dispersal behaviour of two earthworm species, Aporrectodea icterica and Dendrobaena veneta, in a mesocosm experiment
    • Mathieu J, Barot S, Blouin M, Caro G, Decaens T, Dubs F, Dupont L, Jouquet P, Nai P. 2010. Habitat quality, conspecific density, and habitat pre-use affect the dispersal behaviour of two earthworm species, Aporrectodea icterica and Dendrobaena veneta, in a mesocosm experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 203-209.
    • (2010) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 203-209
    • Mathieu, J.1    Barot, S.2    Blouin, M.3    Caro, G.4    Decaens, T.5    Dubs, F.6    Dupont, L.7    Jouquet, P.8    Nai, P.9
  • 42
    • 68949083168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High genetic divergence of hormogastrid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in the central Iberian Peninsula: evolutionary and demographic implications
    • Novo M, Almodóvar A, Díaz-Cosín DJ. 2009. High genetic divergence of hormogastrid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in the central Iberian Peninsula: evolutionary and demographic implications. Zoologica Scripta 38: 537-552.
    • (2009) Zoologica Scripta , vol.38 , pp. 537-552
    • Novo, M.1    Almodóvar, A.2    Díaz-Cosín, D.J.3
  • 44
    • 33645650359 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium due to random genetic drift
    • Ohta T, Kimura M. 1969. Linkage disequilibrium due to random genetic drift. Genetical Research 13: 47-55.
    • (1969) Genetical Research , vol.13 , pp. 47-55
    • Ohta, T.1    Kimura, M.2
  • 47
    • 84881258467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low heterogeneity in populations of the terrestrial earthworm, Metaphire peguana (Rosa, 1890), in Thailand, as revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA COI sequences and nuclear allozymes
    • Prasankok P, Bantaowong U, James SW, Panha S. 2013. Low heterogeneity in populations of the terrestrial earthworm, Metaphire peguana (Rosa, 1890), in Thailand, as revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA COI sequences and nuclear allozymes. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 51: 8-15.
    • (2013) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 8-15
    • Prasankok, P.1    Bantaowong, U.2    James, S.W.3    Panha, S.4
  • 49
    • 0021619929 scopus 로고
    • Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions: sampling variances and use in estimation of inbreeding coefficients
    • Robertson A, Hill WG. 1984. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions: sampling variances and use in estimation of inbreeding coefficients. Genetics 107: 703-718.
    • (1984) Genetics , vol.107 , pp. 703-718
    • Robertson, A.1    Hill, W.G.2
  • 50
    • 0033977405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation between individuals
    • Rousset F. 2000. Genetic differentiation between individuals. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13: 58-62.
    • (2000) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.13 , pp. 58-62
    • Rousset, F.1
  • 51
    • 36849080837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENEPOP ' 007: a complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux
    • Rousset F. 2008. GENEPOP ' 007: a complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux. Molecular Ecology 8: 103-106.
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 103-106
    • Rousset, F.1
  • 52
    • 0342357115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: The Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association
    • Sims RW, Gerard BM. 1999. Synopsis of the British Fauna (31)- earthworms. London: The Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association, 1-169.
    • (1999) Synopsis of the British Fauna (31)- earthworms , pp. 1-169
    • Sims, R.W.1    Gerard, B.M.2
  • 53
    • 70349312662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in a subterranean arthropod (Folsomia candida) as a method to identify low-permeability barriers in an aquifer
    • Sullivan TJ, Dreyer AP, Peterson JW. 2009. Genetic variation in a subterranean arthropod (Folsomia candida) as a method to identify low-permeability barriers in an aquifer. Pedobiologia 53: 99-105.
    • (2009) Pedobiologia , vol.53 , pp. 99-105
    • Sullivan, T.J.1    Dreyer, A.P.2    Peterson, J.W.3
  • 55
    • 84903897600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of earthworm populations at a regional scale: inferences from mitochondrial and microsatellite molecular markers in Aporrectodea icterica (Savigny 1826)
    • Torres-Leguizamon M, Mathieu J, Decaëns T, Dupont L. 2014. Genetic structure of earthworm populations at a regional scale: inferences from mitochondrial and microsatellite molecular markers in Aporrectodea icterica (Savigny 1826). PLoS ONE 9: e101597.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e101597
    • Torres-Leguizamon, M.1    Mathieu, J.2    Decaëns, T.3    Dupont, L.4
  • 56
    • 84860870894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Aporrectodea icterica (Savigny 1826)
    • Torres-Leguizamon M, Mathieu J, Livet A, Dupont L. 2012. Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Aporrectodea icterica (Savigny 1826). Soil Biology & Biochemistry 51: 16-19.
    • (2012) Soil Biology & Biochemistry , vol.51 , pp. 16-19
    • Torres-Leguizamon, M.1    Mathieu, J.2    Livet, A.3    Dupont, L.4
  • 57
    • 60549094576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-field spatial distribution of earthworm populations related to species interactions and soil apparent electrical conductivity
    • Valckx J, Cockx L, Wauters J, Van Meirvenne M, Govers G, Hermy M, Muys B. 2009. Within-field spatial distribution of earthworm populations related to species interactions and soil apparent electrical conductivity. Applied Soil Ecology 41: 315-328.
    • (2009) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 315-328
    • Valckx, J.1    Cockx, L.2    Wauters, J.3    Van Meirvenne, M.4    Govers, G.5    Hermy, M.6    Muys, B.7
  • 58
    • 4344606590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data
    • Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P. 2004. MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 535-538.
    • (2004) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.4 , pp. 535-538
    • Van Oosterhout, C.1    Hutchinson, W.F.2    Wills, D.P.M.3    Shipley, P.4
  • 59
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir BS, Cockerham CC. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38: 1358-1370.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 60
    • 78650974116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-spatial genetic structure in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
    • Wilson AG, Arcese P, Chan YL, Patten MA. 2011. Micro-spatial genetic structure in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Conservation Genetics 12: 213-222.
    • (2011) Conservation Genetics , vol.12 , pp. 213-222
    • Wilson, A.G.1    Arcese, P.2    Chan, Y.L.3    Patten, M.A.4
  • 61
    • 0001024012 scopus 로고
    • Isolation by distance
    • Wright S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28: 114-138.
    • (1943) Genetics , vol.28 , pp. 114-138
    • Wright, S.1
  • 62
    • 84872643499 scopus 로고
    • Isolation by distance under diverse systems of mating
    • Wright S. 1946. Isolation by distance under diverse systems of mating. Genetics 31: 39-59.
    • (1946) Genetics , vol.31 , pp. 39-59
    • Wright, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.