Medical prevention of breast cancer

Breast Care

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 391-396

  Stubert, Johannes ^a   Dieterich, Max ^a   Gerber, Bernd ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aromatase inhibitors; Breast cancer; Prevention; SERMs; Tamoxifen

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; ARZOXIFENE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LASOFOXIFENE; METFORMIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; RALOXIFENE; RETINOID; TAMOXIFEN;

BREAST CANCER; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRY EYE; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LUNG EMBOLISM; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; THROMBOEMBOLISM; VASOMOTOR DISORDER; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 84921380590     PISSN: 16613791     EISSN: 16613805     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000369573     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Kaatsch P, Spix C, Hentschel S, et al.: Krebs in Deutschland 2009/2010. 9. Ausgabe. Berlin, 2013.
2. Slesina W: Primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. A definition. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007; 132: 2196-2198.
3. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al.: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD (http: //seer.cancer. gov/csr/1975-2011/).
4. Hankinson SE, Eliassen AH: Circulating sex steroids and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Horm Cancer 2010; 1: 2-10.
5. Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, et al.: Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Approaches to estimating and reducing risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 384-398.
6. Schreer I: Dense breast tissue as an important risk factor for breast cancer and implications for early detection. Breast Care (Basel) 2009; 4: 89-92.
7. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Familial breast cancer: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet 2001; 358: 1389-1399.
8. Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Speizer FE: Risk factors for breast cancer according to family history of breast cancer. For the Nurses' Health Study Research Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 365-371.
9. Colditz GA, Kaphingst KA, Hankinson SE, Rosner B: Family history and risk of breast cancer: nurses' health study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133: 1097-1104.
10. Marshall LM, Hunter DJ, Connolly JL, et al.: Risk of breast cancer associated with atypical hyperplasia of lobular and ductal types. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997; 6: 297-301.
11. Moskowitz CS, Chou JF, Wolden SL, et al.: Breast cancer after chest radiation therapy for childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 2217-2223.
12. Kenney LB, Yasui Y, Inskip PD, et al.: Breast cancer after childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 590-597.
13. Nelson HD, Smith MEB, Griffin JC, Fu R: Use of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158: 604-614.
14. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1371-1388.
15. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: Current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1652-1662.
16. Veronesi U, Maisonneuve P, Rotmensz N, et al.: Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: Late results of the Italian Randomized Tamoxifen Prevention Trial among women with hysterectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 727-737.
17. Veronesi U, Maisonneuve P, Costa A, et al.: Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: Preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women. Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study. Lancet 1998; 352: 93-97.
18. Powles T, Eeles R, Ashley S, et al.: Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention trial. Lancet 1998; 352: 98-101.
19. Powles TJ, Ashley S, Tidy A, et al.: Twenty-year follow-up of the Royal Marsden randomized, double-blinded tamoxifen breast cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 283-290.
20. Cuzick J, Forbes J, Edwards R, et al.: First results from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I): A randomised prevention trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 817-824.
21. Cuzick J, Forbes JF, Sestak I, et al.: Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer -96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 272-282.
22. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, et al.: Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: An updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet 2013; 381: 1827-1834.
23. Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, et al.: Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 125-137.
24. Cauley JA, Norton L, Lippman ME, et al.: Continued breast cancer risk reduction in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene: 4-year results from the MORE trial. Multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 65: 125-134.
25. Cummings SR, Eckert S, Krueger KA, et al.: The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Results from the MORE randomized trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation. JAMA 1999; 281: 2189-2197.
26. Martino S, Cauley JA, Barrett-Connor E, et al.: Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 1751-1761.
27. Cummings SR, Ensrud K, Delmas PD, et al.: Lasofoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 686-696.
28. LaCroix AZ, Powles T, Osborne CK, et al.: Breast cancer incidence in the randomized PEARL trial of lasofoxifene in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102: 1706-1715.
29. Powles TJ, Diem SJ, Fabian CJ, et al.: Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone mass using arzoxifene. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134: 299-306.
30. Cummings SR, McClung M, Reginster J-Y, et al.: Arzoxifene for prevention of fractures and invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26: 397-404.
31. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al.: Update of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 Trial: Preventing breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3: 696-706.
32. Rebbeck TR, Troxel AB, Norman S, et al.: A retrospective case-control study of the use of hormonerelated supplements and association with breast cancer. Int J Cancer J Int Cancer 2007; 120: 1523-1528.
33. Fritz H, Seely D, McGowan J, et al.: Black cohosh and breast cancer: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13: 12-29.
34. Iqbal J, Ginsburg OM, Wijeratne TD, et al.: Endometrial cancer and venous thromboembolism in women under age 50 who take tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38: 318-328.
35. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Alés-Martínez JE, et al.: Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2381-2391.
36. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, et al.: Anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women (IBIS-II): An international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 1041-1048.
37. Perez EA, Josse RG, Pritchard KI, et al.: Effect of letrozole versus placebo on bone mineral density in women with primary breast cancer completing 5 or more years of adjuvant tamoxifen: A companion study to NCIC CTG MA.17. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 3629-3635.
38. Eastell R, Adams JE, Coleman RE, et al.: Effect of anastrozole on bone mineral density: 5-year results from the anastrozole, tamoxifen, alone or in combination trial 18233230. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 1051-1057.
39. Cheung AM, Tile L, Cardew S, et al.: Bone density and structure in healthy postmenopausal women treated with exemestane for the primary prevention of breast cancer: A nested substudy of the MAP.3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 275-284.
40. Col NF, Ochs L, Springmann V, et al.: Metformin and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis and critical literature review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135: 639-646.
41. Thompson AM: Molecular pathways: Preclinical models and clinical trials with metformin in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20: 2508-2515.
42. Hadad S, Iwamoto T, Jordan L, et al.: Evidence for biological effects of metformin in operable breast cancer: A pre-operative, window-of-opportunity, randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128: 783-794.
43. Niraula S, Dowling RJO, Ennis M, et al.: Metformin in early breast cancer: A prospective window of opportunity neoadjuvant study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135: 821-830.
44. Bonanni B, Puntoni M, Cazzaniga M, et al.: Dual effect of metformin on breast cancer proliferation in a randomized presurgical trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 2593-2600.
45. Litzenburger BC, Brown PH: Advances in preventive therapy for estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer. Curr Breast Cancer Rep 2014; 6: 96-109.
46. Veronesi U, Mariani L, Decensi A, et al.: Fifteenyear results of a randomized phase III trial of fenretinide to prevent second breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2006; 17: 1065-1071.
47. Veronesi U, De Palo G, Marubini E, et al.: Randomized trial of fenretinide to prevent second breast malignancy in women with early breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1847-1856.
48. Decensi A, Robertson C, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, et al.: Randomized double-blind 2 × 2 trial of lowdose tamoxifen and fenretinide for breast cancer prevention in high-risk premenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 3749-3756.
49. Undela K, Srikanth V, Bansal D: Statin use and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135: 261-269.
50. Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Tsavaris N, Sitaras NM: Use of statins and breast cancer: A meta-analysis of seven randomized clinical trials and nine observational studies. J Clin Oncol 2005 1; 23: 8606-8612.
51. Rothwell PM, Price JF, Fowkes FGR, et al.: Shortterm effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials. Lancet 20128; 379: 1602-1612.
52. Takkouche B, Regueira-Méndez C, Etminan M: Breast cancer and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100: 1439-1447.
53. Bardia A, Olson JE, Vachon CM, et al.: Effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on postmenopausal breast cancer incidence by hormone receptor status: results from a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 126: 149-155.
54. Zhang X, Smith-Warner SA, Collins LC, et al.: Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. J Clin Oncoll 2012; 30: 3468-3477.
55. Chlebowski RT, Chen Z, Cauley JA, et al.: Oral bisphosphonate use and breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 3582-3590.
56. Rennert G, Pinchev M, Rennert HS: Use of bisphosphonates and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 3577-3581.
57. Cardwell CR, Abnet CC, Veal P, et al.: Exposure to oral bisphosphonates and risk of cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 131: E717-725.
58. Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J: Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of common non-gastrointestinal cancers: Series of nested casecontrol studies using two primary-care databases. Br J Cancer 2013 6; 109: 795-806.
59. Den Hollander P, Savage MI, Brown PH: Targeted therapy for breast cancer prevention. Front Oncol 2013; 3: 250.
60. Cazzaniga M, Bonanni B: Breast cancer chemoprevention: Old and new approaches. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012: 985620.
61. Visvanathan K, Hurley P, Bantug E, et al.: Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 20130; 31: 2942-2962.
62. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie: (cited 2014 July 29); Available from: www.agoonline. de/fileadmin/downloads/leitlinien/mamma/ maerz2014/de/2014D-02-Brustkrebsrisiko-und- Praevention.pdf.
63. Cameron DA: Breast cancer chemoprevention: Little progress in practice. Lancet 2014; 383: 1018-1020