Representations of the Nordic Seas overflows and their large scale climate impact in coupled models

Ocean Modelling

Volumn 86, Issue , 2015, Pages 76-92

  Wang, He ^a   Legg, Sonya A ^a   Hallberg, Robert W ^b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

AMOC; Climate model; Overflow

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; MIXING;

AMOC; ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATIONS; CONTROL SIMULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; DOWNSTREAM REGION; ISOPYCNAL COORDINATES; LARGE-SCALE OCEAN CIRCULATIONS; OVERFLOW;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

CLIMATE EFFECT; CLIMATE MODELING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; MIXING; OVERTURN;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); ICELAND; NORWEGIAN SEA;

EID: 84921065066     PISSN: 14635003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.12.005     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Adcroft A. Representation of topography by porous barriers and objective interpolation of topographic data. Ocean Modell. 2013, 67:13-27.
2. Beismann J.-O., Barnier B. Variability of the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic: sensitivity to overflows of dense water masses. Ocean Dyn. 2004, 54:92-106.
3. Biastoch A., Käse R.H., Stammer D.B. The sensitivity of the Greenland-Scotland ridge overflow to forcing changes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2003, 33(11):2307-2319.
4. Bower A.S., Lozier M.S., Gary S.F., Böning C.W. Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Nature 2009, 459(7244):243-247.
5. Chang Y.S., Garraffo Z.D., Peters H., Özgökmen T.M. Pathways of Nordic overflows from climate model scale and eddy resolving simulations. Ocean Modell. 2009, 29:66-84.
6. Danabasoglu G., Bates S.C., Briegleb B.P., Jaynes S.R., Jochum M., Large W.G., Peacock S., Yeager S.G. The CCSM4 ocean component. J. Clim. 2012, 25:1361-1389.
7. Danabasoglu G., Large W.G., Briegleb B.P. Climate impacts of parameterized Nordic sea overflows. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C11005.
8. Danabasoglu G., Yeager S.G., Bailey D., Behrens E., Bentsen M., Bi D., Biastoch A., Böning C., Bozec A., Canuto V.M., et al. North Atlantic simulations in coordinated ocean-ice reference experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: mean states. Ocean Modell. 2014, 73:76-107.
9. Danabasoglu G., Yeager S.G., Kwon Y.-O., Tribbia J.J., Phillips A.S., Hurrell J.W. Variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in CCSM4. J. Clim. 2012, 25:5153-5172.
10. Delworth T., Manabe S., Stouffer R.J. Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Clim. 1993, 6(11):1993-2011.
11. Delworth T.L., Broccoli A.J., Rosati A., Stouffer R.J., Balaji V., Beesley J.A., Cooke W.F., Dixon K.W., Dunne J., Dunne K.A., Durachta J.W., Findell K.L., Ginoux P., Gnanadesikan A., Gordon C.T., Griffies S.M., Gudgel R., Harrison M.J., Held I.M., Hemler R.S., Horowitz L.W., Klein S.A., Knutson T.R., Kushner P.J., Langenhorst A.R., Lee H.-C., Lin S.-J., Lu J., Malyshev S.L., Milly P.C.D., Ramaswamy V., Russell J., Schwarzkopf M.D., Shevliakova E., Sirutis J.J., Spelman M.J., Stern W.F., Winton M., Wittenberg A.T., Wyman B., Zeng F., Zhang R. GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Clim. 2006, 19:643-674.
12. Delworth T.L., Rosati A., Anderson W., Adcroft A.J., Balaji V., Benson R., Dixon K., Griffies S.M., Lee H.-C., Pacanowski R.C., Vecchi G.A., Wittenberg A.T., Zeng F., Zhang R. Simulated climate and climate change in the GFDL CM2.5 high-resolution coupled climate model. J. Clim. 2012, 25:2755-2781.
13. Dickson R.R., Brown J. The production of North Atlantic deep water: sources, rates, and pathways. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:12319-12341.
14. Dunne J.P., John J.G., Adcroft A.J., Griffies S.M., Hallberg R.W., Shevliakova E., Stouffer R.J., Cooke W., Dunne K.A., Harrison M.J., Krasting J.P., Malyshev S.L., Milly P.C.D., Phillipps P.J., Sentman L.T., Samuels B.L., Spelman M.J., Winton M., Wittenberg A.T., Zadeh N. GFDL's ESM2 global coupled climate-carbon earth system models. Part I: physical formulation and baseline simulation characteristics. J. Clim. 2012, 25:6646-6665.
15. Gnanadesikan A., Dixon K.W., Griffies S.M., Balaji V., Barreiro M., Beesley J.A., Cooke W.F., Delworth T.L., Gerdes R., Harrison M.J., Held I.M., Hurlin W.J., Lee H.-C., Liang Z., Nong G., Pacanowski R.C., Rosati A., Russell J., Samuels B.L., Song Q., Spelman M.J., Stouffer R.J., Sweeney C.O., Vecchi G., Winton M., Wittenberg A.T., Zeng F., Zhang R., Dunne J.P. GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part II: the baseline ocean simulation. J. Clim. 2006, 19:675-697.
16. Griffies, S.M., 2009. Elements of MOM4p1. GFDL ocean group technical report no.6 Edition.
17. Griffies S.M., Pacanowski R.C., Hallberg R.W. Spurious diapycnal mixing associated with advection in a z-coordinate ocean model. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000, 128(3):538-564.
18. Hallberg R., Adcroft A. Reconciling estimates of the free surface height in lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models with mode-split time stepping. Ocean Modell. 2009, 29(1):15-26.
19. Hawkins E., Sutton R. Variability of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation described by three-dimensional empirical orthogonal functions. Clim. Dyn. 2007, 29:745-762.
20. Ilicak M., Adcroft A.J., Griffies S.M., Hallberg R.W. Spurious dianeutral mixing and the role of momentum closure. Ocean Modell. 2012, 45:37-58.
21. Jackson L., Hallberg R., Legg S. A parameterization of shear-driven turbulence for ocean climate models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38(5):1033-1053.
22. Johns W., Baringer M.O., Beal L., Cunningham S., Kanzow T., Bryden H.L., Hirschi J., Marotzke J., Meinen C., Shaw B., et al. Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic ocean heat transport at 26.5N. J. Clim. 2011, 24(10).
23. Jungclaus J.H., Haak H., Latif M., Mikolajewicz U. Arctic-North Atlantic interactions and multidecadal variability of the meridional overturning circulation. J. Clim. 2005, 18:4013-4031.
24. Köhl A., Stammer D. Variability of the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic from the 50 years GECCO state estimation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:1913-1930.
25. Kuhlbrodt T., Griesel A., Montoya M., Levermann A., Hofmann M., Rahmstorf S. On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Rev. Geophys. 2007, 45. 2004RG000166.
26. Legg S., Briegleb B., Chang Y., ignet E.P.C., Danabasoglu G., Ezer T., Gordon A.L., Griffies S., Hallberg R., Jackson L., Large W., Özgökmen T.M., Peters H., Price J., Riemenschneider U., Wu W., Xu X., Yang J. Improving oceanic overflow representation in climate models. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 90:657-670.
27. Legg S., Hallberg R.W., Girton J.B. Comparison of entrainment in overflows simulated by z-coordinate, isopycnal and non-hydrostatic models. Ocean Modell. 2006, 11:69C-97.
28. Lozier M.S., Gary S.F., Bower A.S. Simulated pathways of the overflow waters in the north atlantic: Subpolar to subtropical export. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Topical Stud. Oceanogr. 2013, 85:147-153.
29. Lumpkin R., Speer K. Large-scale vertical and horizontal circulation in the North Atlantic ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2003, 33(9):1902-1920.
30. Lumpkin R., Speer K. Global ocean meridional overturning. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37(10):2550-2562.
31. Macrander A., Send U., Valdimarsson H., Jónsson S., Käse R.H. Interannual changes in the overflow from the Nordic Seas into the Atlantic ocean through Denmark Strait. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32(6).
32. Mauritzen C., Price J., Sanford T., Torres D. Circulation and mixing in the Faroese channels. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 2005, 52(6):883-913.
33. Medhaug I., Langehaug H.R., Eldevik T., Furevik T., Bentsen M. Mechanisms for decadal scale variability in a simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 39:77-93.
34. Olsen S.M., Hansen B., Quadfasel D., Østerhus S. Observed and modelled stability of overflow across the Greenland-Scotland ridge. Nature 2008, 455:519-523.
35. Price J.F., Baringer M.O. Outflows and deep water production by marginal seas. Prog. Oceanogr. 1994, 33(3):161-200.
36. Roberts M.J., Wood R.A. Topographic sensitivity studies with a Bryan-Cox-type ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1997, 27:823-836.
37. Roberts M.J., Wood R.A., Marsh R., New A.L. An intercomparison of a Bryan-Cox-type ocean model and an isopycnic ocean model. Part I: the subpolar gyre and high-latitude processes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1996, 26:1496-1527.
38. Saunders P.M. The flux of overflow water through the Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99(C6):12343-12355.
39. Laurent L.C.St., Simmons H.L., Jayne S.R. Estimating tidally driven mixing in the deep ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29(23):2106.
40. Talley L.D., Reid J.L., Robbins P.E. Data-based meridional overturning streamfunctions for the global ocean. J. Clim. 2003, 16:3213-3226.
41. Whitehead J.A. Topographic control of oceanic flows in deep passages and straits. Rev. Geophys. 1998, 36(3):423-440.
42. Winton M., Hallberg R., Gnanadesikan A. Simulation of density-driven frictional downslope flow in z-coordinate ocean models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1998, 68:2163-2174.
43. Yeager S., Danabasoglu G. Sensitivity of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability to parameterized Nordic Sea overflows in CCSM4. J. Clim. 2012, 25(6).
44. Zhang R. Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37(16).
45. Zhang R., Delworth T.L., Rosati A., Anderson W.G., Dixon K.W., Lee H.-C., Zeng F. Sensitivity of the North Atlantic ocean circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow in a high resolution global coupled climate model. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C12024.
46. Zhang R., Vallis G.K. The role of bottom vortex stretching on the path of the North Atlantic western boundary current and on the northern recirculation gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:2053-2080.