Clinical efficacy of formula-based bifrontal versus right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of major depression among elderly patients: A pragmatic, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 175, Issue , 2015, Pages 8-17

  Bjølseth, Tor Magne ^a   Engedal, Knut ^b   Benth, Jurate Šaltyte ^c,d   Dybedal, Gro Strømnes ^a   Gaarden, Torfinn Lødøen ^a   Tanum, Lars ^d  

^a DIAKONHJEMMET HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b Ageing and Health Norwegian Centre for Dementia Research   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^d AKERSHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Bifrontal ECT; Electroconvulsivetherapy; Major depression; Old age; Right unilateral ECT; Treatment efficacy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BIFRONTAL ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; COGNITION; CONFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; ELECTRODE IMPLANTATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAMILTON DEPRESSION RATING SCALE; HEADACHE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; MIDDLE AGED; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REMISSION; RIGHT UNILATERAL ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; METHODS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATIENT DROPOUTS; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; REMISSION INDUCTION; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATIENT DROPOUTS; REMISSION INDUCTION; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84921059261     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.054     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. R. Abrams Electroconvulsive Therapy fourth ed. 2002 Oxford University Press New York
2. R. Abrams Stimulus titration and ECT dosing: response to commentaries on stimulus titration and ECT dosing J. ECT 18 2002 14 15
3. G.S. Alexopoulos, and W. Apfeldorf Unipolar depression S.P. Roose, H.A. Sackeim, Late-life Depression 2004 Oxford University Press New York 21 33
4. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) fourth ed. 2000 American Psychiatric Association Washington
5. American Psychiatric Association Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Recommendations of Treatment, Training and Privileging second ed. 2001 American Psychiatric Association Washington
6. S. Amiri, M.A. Ghorishizadeh, and S. Hekmatara Comparison of bifrontal and bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder Iran. J. Psychiatry 4 2009 13 16
7. H. Azuma, A. Fujita, K. Sato, K. Arahata, K. Otsuki, M. Hori, Y. Mochida, M. Uchida, T. Yamada, T. Akechi, and T.A. Furukawa Postictal suppression correlates with therapeutic efficacy for depression in bilateral sine and pulse wave electroconvulsive therapy Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 61 2007 168 173
8. M.R. Bagby, A.G. Ryder, D.R. Sculler, and M.B. Marshall The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: has the gold standard become a lead weight? Am. J. Psychiatry 161 2004 2163 2177
9. S. Bai, C. Loo, A.A. Abed, and S. Dokos A computational model for direct brain excitation induced by electroconvulsive therapy: comparison among three conventional electrode placements Brain Stimul. 5 2012 408 421
10. S.H. Bailine, A. Rifkin, E. Kayne, J.A. Selzer, J. Vital-Herne, M. Blieka, and S. Pollack Comparison of bifrontal and bitemporal ECT for major depression Am. J. Psychiatry 157 2000 121 123
11. P. Bech, P. Allerup, L.F. Gram, N. Reisby, R. Rosenberg, O. Jacobsen, and A. Nagy The Hamilton Depression Scale. Evaluation of objectivity using logistic models Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 63 1981 290 299
12. P. Bech Klinisk Psykometri 2011 Munksgaard Danmark Copenhagen
13. D.M. Bennett, J.S. Perrin, J. Currie, L. Blaclaw, A.R. Kuriakose, and I.C. Reid A comparison of ECT dosing methods using a clinical sample J. Affect. Disord. 141 2012 222 226
14. T.K. Birkenhäger, E.M. Pluijms, M.R. Ju, P.G. Mulder, and W.W. van den Broek Influence of age on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in major depression: a retrospective study J. Affect. Disord. 126 2010 257 261
15. H. Blumenfeld, K.A. McNally, R.B. Ostroff, and I.G. Zubal Targeted prefrontal cortical activation with bifrontal ECT Psychiatry Res. 123 2003 165 170
16. T. Carmody, A.J. Rush, I. Bernstein, D. Warden, S. Brannan, D. Burnham, A. Woo, and M. Trivedi The Montgomery Äsberg and the Hamilton Ratings of Depression Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 16 2006 601 611
17. C.C. Colenda, and W.V. McCall A statistical model predicting the seizure threshold for right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for 166 patients Convuls. Ther. 12 1996 3 12
18. K. Crowley, J. Pickle, R. Dale, and O. Fattal Clinical efficacy, cognitive side effects and directions for future research J. ECT 24 2008 268 271
19. J. Damm, D. Eser, C. Schule, M. Obermeier, H. Moller, R. Rupprecht, and T. Baghai Influence of age on effectiveness and tolerability of electroconvulsive therapy J. ECT 26 2010 282 288
20. G. D'Elia Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 215 1970 1 98
21. A.Y. Dombrovski, B.H. Mulsant, R.F. Haskett, J. Prudic, A.E. Begely, and H.A. Sackeim Predictors of remission after electroconvulsive therapy in unipolar major depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 66 2005 1043 1049
22. R.A. Dunne, and D.M. McLoughlin Systematic review and meta-analysis of bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy versus bilateral and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy in depression World J. Biol. Psychiatry 13 2012 248 258
23. G.S.D. Dybedal, L. Tanum, K. Sundet, T.L Gaarden, and T.M. Bjølseth Neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression Front. Psychol. 4 2014 381
24. K. Engedal, P.K. Haugen, K. Gilje, and K. Laake Efficacy of short mental tests in the detection of mental impairment in old age Compr. Gerontol. A 2 1988 87 93
25. G.W. Eschweiler, R. Vonthein, R. Bode, M. Huell, A. Conca, O. Peters, S. Mende-Lechler, J. Peters, D. Klecha, M. Prapotnik, J. DiPauli, B. Wild, C. Plewnia, M. Bartels, and W. Schlotter Clinical efficacy and cognitive side effects of bifrontal versus right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a short-term randomised trial in pharmaco-resistant major depression J. Affect. Disord. 101 2007 149 157
26. A.J. Flint, and N. Gagnon Effective use of electroconvulsive therapy in late-life depression Can. J. Psychiatry 47 2002 734 741
27. M.F. Folstein, S.E. Folstein, and P.R. McHugh "Mini Mental State." A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician J. Psychiatr. Res. 12 1975 189 198
28. L. Forty, L. Jones, I. Jones, C. Cooper, E. Russell, A. Farmer, P. McGuffin, and N. Craddock Is depression severity the sole cause of psychotic symptoms during an episode of unipolar major depression? A study both between and within subjects J. Affect. Disord. 114 2009 103 109
29. E. Frank, R.F. Prien, R.B. Jarrett, M.B. Keller, D.J. Kupfer, P.W. Lavori, A.J. Rush, and M.M. Weissman Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48 1991 851 855
30. R. Gournellis, P. Oulis, E. Rizos, E. Chourdaki, A. Gouzaris, and L. Lykouras Clinical correlates of age of onset of psychotic depression Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 52 2011 94 98
31. M. Hamilton A rating scale for depression J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 23 1960 56 62
32. P. Heikman, A. Tuunainen, and K. Kuoppasalmi Value of the initial stimulus dose in right unilateral and bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy Psychol. Med. 29 1999 1417 1423
33. P. Heikman, H. Kalska, H. Katila, S. Sarna, A. Tuunainen, and K. Kuoppasalmi Right unilateral and bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression: a preliminary study J. ECT 18 2002 26 30
34. C.H. Kellner, R. Knapp, M.M. Husain, K. Rasmussen, S. Sampson, M. Cullum, S.M. McClintock, K.G. Tobias, C. Martino, M. Mueller, S.H. Bailine, M. Fink, and G. Petrides Bifrontal, bitemporal and right unilateral electrode placement in ECT: randomised trial Br. J. Psychiatry 196 2010 226 234
35. A. Kørner, L. Lauritzen, K. Abelskov, N.C. Gulman, A.-M. Brodersen, T. Wedervang-Jensen, and K.M. Kjeldgaard Rating scales for depression in the elderly: external and internal validity J. Clin. Psychiatry 68 2007 384 389
36. J.S. Lawson, J. Inglis, N.J. Delva, M. Rodenburg, J.J. Waldron, and F.J.J. Letemendia Electrode placement in ECT: cognitive effects Psychiatr. Med. 20 1990 335 344
37. Y. Lecrubier, and P. Bech The Ham D 6 is more homogenous and as sensitive as the Ham D 17 Eur. Psychiatry 22 2007 252 255
38. A.C. Leon, M.K. Shear, G.L. Klerman, L. Portera, J.F. Rosenbaum, and I. Goldenberg A comparison of symptom determinants of patient and clinician global ratings in patients with panic disorder and depression J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 13 1993 327 331
39. F.J.J. Letemendia, N.J. Delva, M. Rodenburg, J.S. Lawson, J. Inglis, J.J. Waldron, and D.W. Lywood Therapeutic advantage of bifrontal electrode placement in ECT Psychol. Med. 23 1993 349 360
40. P.S. Mathuranath, P.J. Nestor, G.E. Berrios, W. Rakowicz, and J.R. Hodges A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia Neurology 55 2000 1613 1620
41. M. Maj, R. Prozzi, L. Magliano, A. Fiorillo, and L. Bartoli Phenomenology and prognostic significance of delusions in major depressive disorder: a 10-year prospective follow-up study J. Clin. Psychiatry 68 2007 1411 1417
42. W.V. McCall Stimulus dosing C.M. Swartz, Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies 2009 Cambridge University Press New York 447 467
43. B.S. Meyers, S.A. Klimstra, M. Gabriele, M. Hamilton, T. Kakuma, F. Tirumalasetti, and G.S. Alexopoulos Continuation treatment of delusional depression in older adults Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 9 2001 415 422
44. M.D. Miller, C.F. Paradis, P.R. Houck, S. Mazumdar, J.A. Stack, A.H. Rifai, B. Mulsant, and C.F. Reynolds Rating chronic illness burden in geropsychiatric practice and research: application of the cumulative illness rating scale Psychiatry Res. 41 1992 237 248
45. S. Montgomery, and M. Asberg A new depression rating scale designed to be sensitive to change Br. J. Psychiatry 134 1979 382 389
46. J. Mordal, Ø. Gundersen, and J.G. Bramness Norwegian version of the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview: feasibility, acceptability and test-retest reliability Eur. Psychiatry 25 2010 172 177
47. A. Nordenskjöld, L. von Knorring, and I. Engström Predictors of the short-term responder rate to electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders - a population based study BMC Psychiatry 12 2012 115
48. G.A. Nuttall, M.R. Bowersox, S.B. Douglass, J. McDonald, L.J. Rasmussen, P.A. Decker, W. Oliver, and K.G. Rasmussen Morbidity and mortality in the use of electroconvulsive therapy J. ECT 20 2004 237 241
49. M.K. O'Connor, R. Knapp, M. Husain, T.A. Rummans, G. Smith, M. Mueller, K. Snyder, H. Bernstein, A.J. Rush, M. Fink, and C. Kellner The influence of age on the response of major depression to electroconvulsive therapy: a C.O.R.E. Report Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 9 2001 382 390
50. D.W. O'Connor, B. Gardner, B. Eppingstall, and D. Tofler Cognition in elderly patients receiving unilateral and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy: a prospective, naturalistic comparison J. Affect. Disord. 124 2010 235 240
51. M. Olfson, S. Marcus, H.A. Sackeim, J. Thompson, and H.A. Pincus Use of ECT for the inpatient treatment of recurrent major depression Am. J. Psychiatry 155 1998 22 29
52. G. Petrides, and M. Fink The "Half-Age" stimulation strategy for ECT dosing Convuls. Ther. 12 1996 138 146
53. G. Petrides, R.J. Braga, M. Fink, M. Mueller, R. Knapp, M. Husain, T. Rummans, S. Bailine, C. Malur, K. O'Connor, C. Kellner, and the CORE Group Seizure threshold in a large sample J. ECT 25 2009 232 237
54. C. Plakiotis, and D.W. O'Connor Bifrontal ECT: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and cognitive impact Curr. Psychiatr. Rev. 5 2009 202 217
55. J. Prudic, R.F. Haskett, B. Mulsant, K.M. Malone, H.M. Pettinati, S. Stephens, R. Greenberg, S. Rifas, and H.A. Sackeim Resistance to antidepressant medications and short-term clinical response to ECT Am. J. Psychiatry 153 1996 985 992
56. F. Ranjkesh, M. Barekatain, and S. Akuchakian Bifrontal versus right unilateral and bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder J. ECT 21 2005 207 210
57. M.J. Rapoport, M. Mamdani, and N. Herrmann Electroconvulsive therapy in older adults; 13-year trends Can. J. Psychiatry 51 2006 616 619
58. K.G. Rasmussen Electrical dosing for bitemporal ECT: what is the best strategy? J. ECT 27 2001 91
59. D. Rhebergen, A. Hiusman, F. Bouckaert, K. Kho, R. Kok, P. Sienaert, H. Spaans, and M. Stek Older age is associated with rapid remission of depression after electroconvulsive therapy: a Latent Class Growth Analysis Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2015 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.05.002, in press
60. C.L. Rich, D.G. Spiker, S.W. Jewell, J.F. Neil, and N.A. Black The efficiency of ECT, I: response rate in depressive episodes Psychiatr. Res. 11 1984 167 176
61. H.G. Ruhe, J.J. Dekker, J. Peen, R. Holman, and F. de Jonghe Clinical use of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: is increased efficiency possible? A post hoc comparison of HRSD, Maier and Bech subscales, CGI and SCL-90 scores Comp. Psychiatry 46 2005 417 427
62. A.J. Rush, H.C. Kraemer, H.A. Sackeim, M. Fava, M.H. Trivedi, E. Frank, P.T. Ninan, M.E. Thase, A.J. Gelenberg, D.J. Kupfer, D.A. Regier, J.F. Rosenbaum, O. Ray, and A.F. Schatzberg Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2006 1841 1853
63. H.A. Sackeim, J. Prudic, D.P. Devenand, J.E. Kiersky, L. Fitzsimons, B.J. Moody, M.C. McElhiney, E.A. Coleman, and J.M. Settembrino Effects of stimulus intensity and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy N. Engl. J. Med. 12 1993 839 846
64. H.A. Sackeim, J. Prudic, D.P. Devanand, M.S. Nobler, S.H. Lisanby, S. Peyser, L. Fitzsimons, B.J. Moody, and J. Clark A prospective, randomised, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57 2000 425 434
65. H.A. Sackeim Electroconvulsive therapy in late-life depression S.P. Roose, H.A. Sackeim, Late-life Depression 2004 Oxford University Press New York 241 278
66. L.J. von Schweder, B. Wahlund, P. Bergsholm, and O.M. Linaker Questionnaire study about the practice of electroconvulsive therapy in Norway J. ECT 27 2011 296 299
67. M. Semkovska, and D.M. McLoughlin Objective cognitive performance associated with electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis Biol. Psychiatry 68 2010 568 577
68. D.V. Sheehan, Y. Lecrubier, K.H. Sheehan, P. Amorim, J. Janavs, E. Weiller, T. Hergueta, R. Baker, and G.C. Dunbar The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 J. Clin. Psychiatry 59 1998 22 33
69. P. Sienaert, K. Vansteelandt, K. Demyttenaere, and J. Peuskens Randomised comparison of ultra-brief bifrontal and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: clinical efficacy J. Affect. Disord. 116 2009 106 112
70. P. Sienaert, K. Vansteelandt, K. Demyttenaere, and J. Peuskens Randomized comparison of ultra-brief bifrontal and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: cognitive side-effects J. Affect. Disord. 122 2010 60 67
71. C. Sobin, H.A. Sackeim, J. Prudic, D.P. Devanand, B.J. Moody, and M.C. McElhiney Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT Am. J. Psychiatry 152 1995 995 1001
72. M.L. Stek, F.B. van der Wurff, B.M.J. Iutdehaag, A.T.F. Beekman, and W.J.G. Hoogendijk ECT in the treatment of depressed elderly: lessons from a terminated clinical trial Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 22 2007 1052 1054
73. M.L. Stek, F.F.B van der Wurff, W.J.G Hoogendijk, and A.T.F. Beekman Electroconvulsive therapy for the depressed elderly Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2 2009 (CD003593)
74. A. Stoppe, M. Louza, M. Rosa, G. Gil, and S. Rigonatti Fixed high-dose electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly with depression J. ECT 22 2006 92 99
75. C.M. Swartz ECT dosing by the benchmark method German J. Psychiatry 5 2002 1 4
76. C.M. Swartz, and A.I. Nelson Rational electroconvulsive electrode placement Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2 7 2005 37 43
77. J.D. Tew, B.A. Benoit, H. Mulsant, R.F. Haskett, J. Prudic, M.E. Thase, R.R. Crowe, D. Dolata, E. Amy, M.S.W. Begley, C.F. Reynolds III, and H.A. Sackeim Acute efficacy of ECT in the treatment of major depression in the old-old Am. J. Psychiatry 156 1999 1865 1870
78. P. Tharyan For debate: the evidence for electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of severe late-life depression Int. Psychogeriatr. 19 2007 19 23
79. J.W. Tiller, and N. Ingram Seizure threshold determination for electroconvulsive therapy: stimulus dose titration versus age-based estimations Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 40 2006 188 192
80. UK ECT Review Group Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lancet 361 2003 799 808
81. E. Verwijk, H.C. Comijs, R.M. Kok, H. Spaans, M.L. Stek, and E.J.A. Scherder Neurocognitive effects after brief pulse and ultrabrief pulse unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: a review J. Affect. Disord. 140 2012 233 243
82. E. Verwijk, H.C. Comijs, R.M. Kok, H Spaans, C.E.M. Tielkes, E.J.A. Scherder, and M.L. Stek Short- and long-term neurocognitive functioning after electroconvulsive therapy in depressed elderly: a prospective naturalistic study Int. Psychogeriatr. 26 2014 315 342
83. J.A. van Waarde, L.J.B. van Oudheusen, O.B. Heslinga, B. Verwey, R.C. van der Mast, and E. Giltay Patient, treatment, and anatomical predictors of outcome in electroconvulsive therapy. A prospective study J. ECT 29 2013 113 121
84. B.V. Watts, A. Groft, J.P. Bagian, and P.D. Mills An examination of mortality and other adverse events related to electroconvulsive therapy using a national adverse report system J. ECT 27 2011 105 108
85. J.B.W. Williams A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 45 1988 742 747
86. M. Zimmerman, M.A. Posternak, and I. Chelminski Defining remission on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale J. Clin. Psychiatry 65 2004 163 168
87. M. Zimmerman, J.H. Martinez, D. Young, I. Chelminski, and K. Dalrymple Severity classification on the Hamilton depression rating scale J. Affect. Disord. 150 2013 384 388