Dissent as a facilitator: Individual- and group- level effects on creativity and performance

The Psychology of Conflict and Conflict Management in Organizations

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 149-177

  Schulz Hardt, Stefan ^a   Mojzisch, Andreas ^a   Vogelgesang, Frank ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920419963     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203810125     Document Type: Chapter

References (68)

1. Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men: Research in human relations (pp. 177–190). Oxford, U.K.: Carnegie Press.
2. Baron, R. A., & Greenberg, J. (1989). Behavior in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
3. Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A., Frey, D., & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2002). The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision-making groups: The effects of pre-discussion dissent. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 35–56.
4. Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A., & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2007). Improving group decision making under conditions of distributed knowledge: The information asymmetries model. Academy of Management Review, 32, 459–479.
5. De Dreu, C. K. W. (2002). Team innovation and team effectiveness: The importance of minority dissent and reflexivity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11, 285–298.
6. De Dreu, C. K. W., & West, M. A. (2001). Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1191–1201.
7. Ditto, P. H., Scepansky, J. A., Munro, G. D., Apanovitch, A. M., & Lockhart, L. K. (1998). Motivated sensitivity to preference-inconsistent information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 53–69.
8. Dooley, R. S., & Fryxell, G. E. (1999). Attaining decision quality and commitment from dissent: The moderating effects of loyalty and competence in strategic decision-making teams. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 389–402.
9. Edwards, K., & Smith, E. E. (1996). A disconfirmation bias in the evaluation of arguments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 5–24.
10. Erb, H.-P., & Bohner, G. (2001). Mere consensus effects in minority and majority influence. In C. K. W. De Dreu & N. K. De Vries (Eds.), Group consensus and minority influence: Implications for innovation (pp. 40–59). Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell.
11. Gallupe, R. B., Bastianutti, L. M., & Cooper, W. H. (1991). Unblocking brainstorms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 137–142.
12. Greitemeyer, T., Schulz-Hardt, S., Brodbeck, F. C., & Frey, D. (2006). Information sampling and group decision making: Effects of an advocacy decision procedure and task experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 12, 31–42.
13. Gruenfeld, D. H. (1995). Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the U.S. Supreme Court: Rethinking the politics of political decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 5–20.
14. Gruenfeld, D. H., & Preston, J. (2000). Upending the status quo: Cognitive complexity in U.S. Supreme Court justices who overturn legal precedent. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1013–1022.
15. Gruenfeld, D. H., Thomas-Hunt, M. C., & Kim, P. (1998). Cognitive flexibility, communication strategy, and integrative complexity: Public and private reactions to majority and minority status. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 202–226.
16. Hambrick, D., Cho, T., & Chen, M. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms’ competitive moves. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 659–684.
17. Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink (Rev. 2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
18. Katzenstein, G. (1996). The debate on structured debate: Toward a unified theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 66, 316–332.
19. Kelly, J. R., & Karau, S. J. (1999). Group decision making: The effects of initial preferences and time pressure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1342–1354.
20. Lavery, T. A., Franz, T. M., Winquist, J. R., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (1999). The role of information exchange in predicting group accuracy on a multiple judgment task. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 281–289.
21. Levine, J. M., & Russo, E. (1995). Impact of anticipated interaction on information acquisition. Social Cognition, 13, 293–317.
22. Martin, R., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Minority influence and optimal problem solving. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 825–832.
23. Miller, C. E. (1985). Group decision making under majority and unanimity decision rules. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 51–61.
24. Mojzisch, A., & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2006). Information sampling in group decision making: Sampling biases and their consequences. In K. Fiedler & P. Juslin (Eds.), Information sampling and adaptive cognition (pp. 299–325). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
25. Mojzisch, A., Schulz-Hardt, S., Kerschreiter, R., & Frey, D. (2007). Interactive effects of knowledge about others’ opinions and anticipation of discussion on confirmatory information search. Manuscript submitted for publication.
26. Mojzisch, A., Schulz-Hardt, S., Lüthgens, C., Kerschreiter, R., & Frey, D. (2007). Social influence in freely interacting groups: Information acquisition after group discussions. Manuscript in preparation.
27. Moscovici, S. (1980). Towards a theory of conversion behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 209–239). New York: Academic Press.
28. Nemeth, C. J. (1977). Interactions between jurors as a function of majority vs. unanimity decision rules. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7, 38–56.
29. Nemeth, C. J. (1986). Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. Psychological Review, 93, 23–32.
30. Nemeth, C. J., Brown, K., & Rogers, J. (2001). Devil’s advocate vs. authentic dissent: Stimulating quantity and quality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 707–720.
31. Nemeth, C. J., & Chiles, C. (1988). Modeling courage: The role of dissent in fostering independence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 275–280.
32. Nemeth, C. J., Connell, J. B., Rogers, J., & Brown, K. S. (2001). Improving decision making by means of dissent. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 48–58.
33. Nemeth, C. J., & Kwan J. L. (1985). Originality of word associations as a function of majority vs. minority influence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 277–282.
34. Nemeth, C. J., & Kwan, J. L. (1987). Minority influence, divergent thinking, and detection of correct solutions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 788–799.
35. Nemeth, C. J., Mayseless, O., Sherman, J., & Brown, Y. (1990). Exposure to dissent and recall of information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 429–437.
36. Nemeth, C. J., & Rogers, J. (1996). Dissent and the search for information. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 67–76.
37. Nemeth, C. J., & Wachtler, J. (1983). Creative problem solving as a result of majority vs. minority influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 45–55.
38. Ng, K. Y., & Van Dyne, L. (2001). Individualism−collectivism as a boundary condition for effectiveness of minority influence in decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 84, 198–225.
39. Parks, C. D., & Nelson, N. L. (1999). Discussion and decision: The interrelationship between initial preference distribution and group discussion content. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 80, 87–101.
40. Peterson, R. S. (1997). A directive leadership style in group decision making is both virtue and vice: Evidence from elite and experimental groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1107–1121.
41. Peterson, R. S., & Nemeth, C. J. (1996). Focus versus flexibility: Majority and minority influence can both improve performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(1), 14–23.
42. Peterson, R. S., Owens, P. D., Tetlock, P. E., Fan, E., & Martorana, P. (1998). Group dynamics in top management teams: Groupthink, vigilance and alternative models of organizational failure and success. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73, 272–305.
43. Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Cihangir, S. (2001). Quality of decision making and group norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 918–930.
44. Schein, E. H. (1968). Organizational socialization and the profession of management. Industrial Management Review, 9, 1–15.
45. Schulz-Hardt, S., Brodbeck, F. C., Mojzisch, A., Kerschreiter, R., & Frey, D. (2006). Group decision making in hidden profile situations: Dissent as a facilitator for decision quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 1080–1093.
46. Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., Lüthgens, C., & Moscovici, S. (2000). Biased information search in group decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 655–669.
47. Schulz-Hardt, S., Jochims, M., & Frey, D. (2002). Productive conflict in group decision making: Genuine and contrived dissent as strategies to counteract biased information seeking. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88, 563–586.
48. Schweiger, D. M., Sandberg, W. R., & Ragan, J. W. (1986). Group approaches for improving strategic decision making: A comparative analysis of dialectical inquiry, devil’s advocacy, and consensus. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 51–71.
49. Schweiger, D. M., Sandberg, W. R., & Rechner, P. L. (1989). Experiential effects of dialectical inquiry, devil’s advocacy, and consensus approaches to strategic decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 31, 745–772.
50. Schwenk, C. R. (1982). Effects of inquiry methods and ambiguity tolerance on prediction performance. Decision Sciences, 13, 207–221.
51. Schwenk, C. R. (1990). Effects of devil’s advocacy and dialectical inquiry on decision making: A meta analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47, 161–176.
52. Smith, C. M., Tindale, S. R., & Dugoni, B. L. (1996). Minority and majority influence in freely interacting groups: Qualitative versus quantitative differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 137–150.
53. Sniezek, J. A., & Henry, R. A. (1989). Accuracy and confidence in group judgment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 1–28.
54. Stanley, J. D. (1981). Dissent in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 1, 13–19.
55. Stasser, G., & Birchmeier, Z. (2003). Group creativity and collective choice. In P. B. Paulus & B. A. Nijstad (Eds.), Group creativity (pp. 85–109). New York: Oxford University Press.
56. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467–1478.
57. Terborg, J. R., Castore, C. H., & DeNinno, J. A. (1976). A longitudinal field investigation of the impact of group composition on group performance and cohesion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 782–790.
58. Tjosvold, D. (1982). Effects of the approach to controversy on superiors’ incorporation of subordinates’ information in decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 189–193.
59. Tjosvold, D., & Deemer, D. K. (1980). Effects of controversy within a cooperative or competitive context on organizational decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 590–595.
60. Tjosvold, D., & Field, R. H. (1985). Effect of concurrence, controversy, and consensus on group decision making. Journal of Social Psychology, 125, 355–363.
61. Tjosvold, D., & Johnson, D. W. (1977). Effects of controversy on cognitive perspective-taking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, 679–685.
62. Tjosvold, D., & Johnson, D. W. (1978). Controversy within a cooperative or competitive context and cognitive perspective-taking. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 3, 376-386.
63. Tjosvold, D., Johnson, D. W., & Lerner, J. (1981). The effects of affirmation and acceptance on incorporation of an opposing opinion in problem-solving. Journal of Social Psychology, 114, 103–110.
64. Van Dyne, L., & Saavedra, R. (1996). A naturalistic minority influence experiment: Effects on divergent thinking, conflict, and originality in work-groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 151–168.
65. van Knippenberg, D., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Homan, A. C. (2004). Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 1008–1022.
66. Wanous, J. P., & Youtz, M. A. (1986). Solution diversity and the quality of group decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 149–159.
67. West, M. A. (1996). Reflexivity and work group effectiveness: A conceptual integration. In M. A. West (Ed.), Handbook of work group psychology (pp. 555–579). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.
68. Williams, K. Y., & O’Reilly, C. A., III. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 20, pp. 77–140). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.