Comparison of the efficacy of caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal epidural injections in managing lumbar disc herniation: Is one method superior to the other?

Korean Journal of Pain

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 11-21

  Manchikanti, Laxmaiah ^a,b   Singh, Vijay ^c   Pampati, Vidyasagar ^a   Falco, Frank J E ^d,e   Hirsch, Joshua A ^f  

^a Pain Management Center of Paducah   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

^c Spine Pain Diagnostics Associates   (United States)

^d Mid Atlantic Spine and Pain Physicians   (United States)

^e TEMPLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^f MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Caudal epidural steroids; Disc herniation; Local anesthetic; Lumbar interlaminar steroids; Radiculitis; Transforaminal epidural steroids

Indexed keywords

BETAMETHASONE; LIDOCAINE; STEROID;

ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; CAUDAL EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION; CHRONIC PAIN; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DISABILITY; DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTE; EPIDURAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INTERLAMINAR EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION; LEG PAIN; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; LUMBAR DISK HERNIA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); TRANSFORAMINAL EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84920367349     PISSN: 20059159     EISSN: 20930569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2015.28.1.11     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Birkmeyer NJ, Weinstein JN, Tosteson AN, Tosteson TD, Skinner JS, Lurie JD, et al. Design of the Spine Patient outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: 1361-72.
2. Radcliff K, Hilibrand A, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Delasotta L, Rihn J, et al. The impact of epidural steroid injections on the outcomes of patients treated for lumbar disc herniation: a subgroup analysis of the SPORT trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94: 1353-8.
3. Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Tosteson AN, Zhao W, Morgan TS, Abdu WA, et al. Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: eight-year results for the spine patient outcomes research trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39: 3-16.
4. Mixter WJ, Barr JS. Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal. N Engl J Med 1934; 211: 210-5.
5. Manson NA, McKeon MD, Abraham EP. Transforaminal epidural steroid injections prevent the need for surgery in patients with sciatica secondary to lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective case series. Can J Surg 2013; 56: 89-96.
6. Manchikanti L, Falco FJ, Singh V, Pampati V, Parr AT, Benyamin RM, et al. Utilization of interventional techniques in managing chronic pain in the Medicare population: analysis of growth patterns from 2000 to 2011. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E969-82.
7. Manchikanti L, Helm Ii S, Singh V, Hirsch JA. Accountable interventional pain management: a collaboration among practitioners, patients, payers, and government. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E635-70.
8. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, Benyamin RM, Boswell MV, Buenaventura RM, et al. An update of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in chronic spinal pain. Part II: guidance and recommendations. Pain Physician 2013; 16: S49-283.
9. Benyamin RM, Manchikanti L, Parr AT, Diwan S, Singh V, Falco FJ, et al. The effectiveness of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E363-404.
10. Parr AT, Manchikanti L, Hameed H, Conn A, Manchikanti KN, Benyamin RM, et al. Caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain: a systematic appraisal of the literature. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E159-98.
11. Manchikanti L, Buenaventura RM, Manchikanti KN, Ruan X, Gupta S, Smith HS, et al. Effectiveness of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in managing lumbar spinal pain. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E199-245.
12. Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, McLachlan AJ, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157: 865-77.
13. Manchikanti L, Benyamin RM, Falco FJ, Kaye AD, Hirsch JA. Do epidural injections provide short-and long-term relief for lumbar disc herniation? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014 [in press].
14. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Cash KA, Pampati V, Damron KS, Boswell MV. Effect of fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid or local anesthetic injections in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and radiculitis: a randomized, controlled, double blind trial with a two-year follow-up. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 273-86.
15. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Cash KA, Pampati V, Falco FJ. A randomized, double-blind, active-control trial of the effectiveness of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in disc herniation. Pain Physician 2014; 17: E61-74.
16. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Pampati V, Falco FJ. Transforaminal epidural injections in chronic lumbar disc herniation: a randomized, double-blind, active-control trial. Pain Physician 2014; 17: E489-501.
17. Manchikanti L, Falco FJ, Pampati V, Cash KA, Benyamin RM, Hirsch JA. Cost utility analysis of caudal epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, axial or discogenic low back pain, central spinal stenosis, and post lumbar surgery syndrome. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E129-43.
18. Martin BI, Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Turner JA, Comstock BA, Hollingworth W, et al. Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems. JAMA 2008; 299: 656-64.
19. US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA 2013; 310: 591-608.
20. Rajaee SS, Bae HW, Kanim LE, Delamarter RB. Spinal fusion in the United States: analysis of trends from 1998 to 2008. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37: 67-76.
21. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Fellows B. Results of 2-year follow-up of a randomized, doubleblind, controlled trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in central spinal stenosis. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 371-84.
22. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V. Fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in managing chronic axial low back pain without disc herniation, radiculitis, or facet joint pain. J Pain Res 2012; 5: 381-90.
23. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Cash KA, Pampati V, Datta S. Fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in managing post lumbar surgery syndrome: two-year results of a randomized, double-blind, active-control trial. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9: 582-91.
24. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Benyamin RM. A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial of fluoroscopic lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in chronic axial or discogenic low back pain: results of 2-year follow-up. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E491-504.
25. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Damron KS, Pampati V, Falco FJ. Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in central spinal stenosis: preliminary results of a randomized, doubleblind, active control trial. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 51-63.
26. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Pampati V, Malla Y. Two-year follow-up results of fluoroscopic cervical epidural injections in chronic axial or discogenic neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11: 309-20.
27. Manchikanti L, Malla Y, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V. Fluoroscopic epidural injections in cervical spinal stenosis: preliminary results of a randomized, double-blind, active control trial. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E59-70.
28. Manchikanti L, Malla Y, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V. Fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic pain of cervical postsurgery syndrome: preliminary results of a randomized, double-blind, active control trial. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 13-25.
29. Bicket MC, Gupta A, Brown CH 4th, Cohen SP. Epidural injections for spinal pain: a systematic review and metaanalysis evaluating the "control" injections in randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 2013; 119: 907-31.
30. National Institutes of Health, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (US). Pain intensity instruments July 2003. 0-10 Numeric rating scale [Internet]. Bethesda (MA): Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center; 2003. Available at http://www.mvltca.net/Presentations/mvltca.pdf.
31. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The oswestry disability index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25: 2940-52.
32. Manchikanti L, Falco FJ, Benyamin RM, Helm S 2nd, Singh V, Hirsch JA. Value-based interventional pain management: a review of medicare national and local coverage determination policies. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E145-80.
33. Chou R, Atlas SJ, Loeser JD, Rosenquist RW, Stanos SP. Guideline warfare over interventional therapies for low back pain: can we raise the level of discourse? J Pain 2011; 12: 833-9.
34. Manchikanti L, Benyamin RM, Falco FJ, Caraway DL, Datta S, Hirsch JA. Guidelines warfare over interventional techniques: is there a lack of discourse or straw man? Pain Physician 2012; 15: E1-26.
35. Ackerman WE 3rd, Ahmad M. The efficacy of lumbar epidural steroid injections in patients with lumbar disc herniations. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 1217-22.
36. Tunis SR, Stryer DB, Clancy CM. Practical clinical trials: increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy. JAMA 2003; 290: 1624-32.
37. ICH Expert Working Group (CH). International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH harmonised tripartite guideline. Choice of control group and related issues in clinical trials E10 [Internet]. Geneva: ICH Expert Working Group; 2000 July 20. Available at http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Efficacy/E10/Step4/E10_Guideline.pdf.
38. Ghahreman A, Ferch R, Bogduk N. The efficacy of transforaminal injection of steroids for the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. Pain Med 2010; 11: 1149-68.
39. Karppinen J, Malmivaara A, Kurunlahti M, Kyllönen E, Pienimäki T, Nieminen P, et al. Periradicular infiltration for sciatica: a randomized controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26: 1059-67.
40. Iversen T, Solberg TK, Romner B, Wilsgaard T, Twisk J, Anke A, et al. Effect of caudal epidural steroid or saline injection in chronic lumbar radiculopathy: multicentre, blinded, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2011; 343: d5278.
41. Gerdesmeyer L, Wagenpfeil S, Birkenmaier C, Veihelmann A, Hauschild M, Wagner K, et al. Percutaneous epidural lysis of adhesions in chronic lumbar radicular pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Physician 2013; 16: 185-96.
42. Arden NK, Price C, Reading I, Stubbing J, Hazelgrove J, Dunne C, et al. A multicentre randomized controlled trial of epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica: the WEST study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 1399-406.
43. Dilke TF, Burry HC, Grahame R. Extradural corticosteroid injection in management of lumbar nerve root compression. Br Med J 1973; 2: 635-7.
44. Carette S, Leclaire R, Marcoux S, Morin F, Blaise GA, St-Pierre A, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1634-40.
45. Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC. Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD003974.
46. Howick J, Bishop FL, Heneghan C, Wolstenholme J, Stevens S, Hobbs FD, et al. Placebo use in the United kingdom: results from a national survey of primary care practitioners. PLoS One 2013; 8: e58247.
47. Manchikanti L, Giordano J, Fellows B, Hirsch JA. Placebo and nocebo in interventional pain management: a friend or a foe-or simply foes? Pain Physician 2011; 14: E157-75.
48. Indahl A, Kaigle AM, Reikeräs O, Holm SH. Interaction between the porcine lumbar intervertebral disc, zygapophysial joints, and paraspinal muscles. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997; 22: 2834-40.
49. Indahl A, Kaigle A, Reikerås O, Holm S. Electromyographic response of the porcine multifidus musculature after nerve stimulation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 2652-8.