"If He Wins, I'm Moving to Canada": Ideological Migration Threats Following the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 123-136

  Motyl, Matt ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920140008     PISSN: 15297489     EISSN: 15302415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/asap.12044     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anderson, M. R. (2009). Beyond membership: A sense of community and political behavior. Political Behavior, 31(4), 603-627.
2. Abramowitz, A. I. (2012). The polarized public? Why American government is so dysfunctional. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
5. Bishop, B. (2008). The big sort: Why the clustering of like-minded America is tearing us apart. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt.
6. Bishop, B. (2009). The big sort: Why the clustering of like-minded America is tearing us apart. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
7. Brewer, M. B., & Pierce, K. P. (2005). Social identity complexity and outgroup tolerance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 428-437.
8. Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York, NY: Academic Press.
9. Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29(6), 807-840.
10. Carpini, M. X. D., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
11. Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2009). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
12. Chambers, J. R., Schlenker, B. R., & Collisson, B. (2013). Ideology and Prejudice The Role of Value Conflicts. Psychological science, 24(2), 140-149.
13. Cheryan, S., Plaut, V. C., Davies, P. G., & Steele, C. M. (2009). Ambient belonging: how stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 1045.
14. Classen, T. J., & Dunn, R. A. (2010). The politics of hope and despair: The effect of presidential election outcomes on suicide rates. Social Science Quarterly, 91, 593-612.
15. Delli-Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1993). Measuring political knowledge: Putting first things first. American Journal of Political Science, 1179-1206.
16. Dorigo, G., & Tobler, W. (1983). Push-Pull Migration Laws. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 73(1), 1-17.
17. Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide: A study in sociology. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
18. Ferner, M. (2012). Marijuana for recreational use now legal in Colorado. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/10/hickenlooper-signs-amendm_n_2272168.html.
19. Goldenberg, J. L., Heflick, N. A., Vaes, J., Motyl, M., & Greenberg, J. (2009). Of mice and men, and objectified women: Terror management as an explanatory framework for infrahumanization effects. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 1-14.
20. Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., John, O. P., & Potter, J. (2010). Wired but not WEIRD: The promise of the Internet in reaching more diverse samples. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 94-95.
21. Greenwood, M. J. (1985). Human migration: Theory, models, and empirical studies. Journal of Regional Science, 25, 521-544.
22. Haidt, J., Rosenberg, E., & Hom, H. (2003). Differentiating diversities: Moral diversity is not like other kinds1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-36.
23. Hetherington, M. J., & Weiler, J. D. (2009). Authoritarianism and polarization in American politics. Cambridge University Press.
24. Holmes, C. (1995). Jewish economic and refugee migrations, 1880-1950. In R. Cohen (Ed.), The Cambridge survey of world migration (pp. 148-52). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61, 651-670.
26. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375.
27. Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (2010). Data analysis in social psychology: Recent and recurring issues. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
28. Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Ditto, P., Iyer, R., & Haidt, J. (2012). Tracing the threads: how five moral concerns (especially Purity) help explain culture war attitudes. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 184-194.
29. Kosloff, S., Greenberg, J., Schmader, T., Dechesne, M., & Weise, D. (2010). Smearing the opposition: Implicit and explicit stigmatization of the 2008 U.S. Presidential candidates and the current U.S. President. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(3), 383.
30. Leary, M. R. (2009). Affiliation, acceptance, and belonging: The pursuit of interpersonal connection. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). (2010), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, 4th ed.). Wiley.com.
31. Lee, E. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3, 47-57.
32. Lenzi, M., Colucci, E., & Minas, H. (2012). Suicide, Culture, and Society from a Cross-National Perspective. Cross-Cultural Research, 46(1), 50-71.
33. Lick, D. J., Tornello, S. L., Riskind, R. G., Schmidt, K. M., & Patterson, C. J. (2012). Social climate for sexual minorities predicts well-being among heterosexual offspring of lesbian and gay parents. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 9(2), 99-112.
34. Levendusky, M. (2009). The partisan sort: How liberals became Democrats and conservatives became Republicans. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
35. Massey, D. S. (2009). Globalization and inequality: Explaining American exceptionalism. European Sociological Review, 25(1), 9-23.
36. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415-444.
37. Motyl, M., Hart, J., Pyszczynski, T., Weise, D., Cox, C., Maxfield, M., & Siedel, A. (2011). Subtle priming of shared human experiences eliminates threat-induced negativity toward Arabs, immigrants, and peace-making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1179-1184.
38. Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Oishi, S., Trawalter, S., & Nosek, B. A. (2013). How ideological migration geographically segregates and polarizes groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, In press.
39. Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Trawalter, S., & Haidt, J. (2012). Judging the moral ambience by physical cues in an environment. Unpublished manuscript.
40. Motyl, M., & Pyszczynski, T. (2010). The existential underpinnings of the cycle of terrorist and counterterrorist violence and pathways to peaceful resolutions. International Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 267-291.
41. Motyl, M., Vail III, K. E., & Pyszczynski, T. (2009). Waging terror: Psychological motivations in cultural violence and peacemaking. In M. Morgan and P. Zimbardo (Eds), The day that changed everything: The impact of 9/11 (pp. 23-36). Boston, MA: Praeger/Greenwood Press.
42. Motyl, M., Iyer, R., & Trawalter, S. (2013). How people discern the values of communities via ambient moral cues. Unpublished manuscript.
43. Murphy, M. C., Steele, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Signaling threat how situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings. Psychological Science, 18(10), 879-885.
44. Oishi, S. (2010). The psychology of residential mobility: Implications for the self, social relationships, and well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 5-21.
45. Oyserman, D., Brickman, D., Bybee, D., & Celious, A. (2006). Fitting in matters markers of in-group belonging and academic outcomes. Psychological Science, 17(10), 854-861.
46. Prior, M., & Lupia, A. (2008). Money, time, and political knowledge: Distinguishing quick recall and political learning skills. American Journal of Political Science, 52, 168-182.
47. Purdie-Vaughns, V., Steele, C. M., Davies, P. G., Ditlmann, R., & Crosby, J. R. (2008). Social identity contingencies: how diversity cues signal threat or safety for African Americans in mainstream institutions. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94(4), 615.
48. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
49. Pyszczynski, T., Henthorn, C., Motyl, M., & Gerow, K. (2010). Is Obama the anti-Christ? Racial priming, extreme criticisms of Barack Obama, and attitudes toward the 2008 U.S. presidential candidates. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 863-866.
50. Pyszczynski, T., Motyl, M., & Abdollahi, A. (2009). Righteous violence: Killing for god, country, freedom, and justice. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1, 12-39.
51. Radia, A. (2012). Disgruntled Americans threaten to move to Canada after Obama victory. Canada politics. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/disgruntled-americans-threaten-move-canada-obama-victory-062354107.html
52. Rosenbaum, M. E. (1986). The repulsion hypothesis: On the nondevelopment of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1156.
53. Schimel, J., Hayes, J., Williams, T., & Jahrig, J. (2007). Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 789-803.
54. Schmitt, M. T., Davies, K., Hung, M., & Wright, S. C. (2010). Identity moderates the effects of Christmas displays on mood, self-esteem, and inclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 1017-1022.
55. Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction and subjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41(1), 25-38.
56. Tetlock, P. E., Kristel, O. V., Elson, S. B., Green, M. C., & Lerner, J. S. (2000). The psychology of the unthinkable: taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical counterfactuals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(5), 853.
57. Vail, K. E., Arndt, J., Motyl, M., & Pyszczynski, T. (2012). The aftermath of destruction: Images of destroyed buildings increase support for war, dogmatism, and death thought accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 1069-1081.
58. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2011). A brief social-belonging intervention improves academic and health outcomes of minority students. Science, 331(6023), 1447-1451.
59. "When Protesters Bear Arms Against Health-care Reform." (2009). Time Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0, 8599, 1917356, 00.html.
60. "Where Obama, and America, go from here." (2012). CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/07/opinion/opinion-roundup-election-result/index.html.
61. Wright, J. (2011). The Obama haters: Behind the right-wing campaign of lies, innuendo & racism. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc.
62. Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Claypool, H. M. (2009). Rejected by the nation: The electoral defeat of candidates included in the self is experienced as personal rejection. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9(1), 315-326.