메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 519, Issue PD, 2014, Pages 3475-3491

Physically-based modifications to the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model. Part A: Modeling the effects of frozen ground on the runoff generation process

Author keywords

Frost; Frozen ground; Hydrologic model; Soil moisture; Soil temperature

Indexed keywords

FROST EFFECTS; FROZEN SOILS; HEAT TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RUNOFF; SOIL MOISTURE; STREAM FLOW; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84919932466     PISSN: 00221694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0002969015 scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of snow pack energy balance equations
    • Anderson E.A. Development and testing of snow pack energy balance equations. Water Resour. Res. 1968, 4(1):19-37.
    • (1968) Water Resour. Res. , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-37
    • Anderson, E.A.1
  • 2
    • 0003403143 scopus 로고
    • National Weather Service River Forecast System, Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model
    • NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-17.
    • Anderson, E.A., 1976. National Weather Service River Forecast System, Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-17.
    • (1976)
    • Anderson, E.A.1
  • 3
    • 77955636980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model - SNOW-17
    • Anderson, E.A., 2006. Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model - SNOW-17. <>. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hrl/nwsrfs/users_manual/part2/_pdf/22snow17.pdf.
    • (2006)
    • Anderson, E.A.1
  • 4
    • 0012343870 scopus 로고
    • The Synthesis of Continuous Snowmelt Runoff Hydrographs on a Digital Computer
    • Technical Report No. 36. Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, June 1964
    • Anderson, E.A., Crawford, N.H., 1964. The Synthesis of Continuous Snowmelt Runoff Hydrographs on a Digital Computer. Technical Report No. 36. Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, June 1964, 103 pp.
    • (1964) , pp. 103
    • Anderson, E.A.1    Crawford, N.H.2
  • 8
    • 17044414069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrologic effects of frozen soils in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
    • Cherkauer K.A., Lettenmaier D.P. Hydrologic effects of frozen soils in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104(D16):19,599-19,610.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.D16 , pp. 19599-19610
    • Cherkauer, K.A.1    Lettenmaier, D.P.2
  • 10
    • 0010503790 scopus 로고
    • National Science Foundation, (translated from Russian)
    • Chudnovskii A.F. Heat Transfer in the Soil 1962, National Science Foundation, 164 pp. (translated from Russian).
    • (1962) Heat Transfer in the Soil , pp. 164
    • Chudnovskii, A.F.1
  • 11
    • 51349141022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framework for understanding structural errors (FUSE): a modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models
    • Clark M.P., Slater A.G., Rupp D.E., Woods R.A., Vrugt J.A., Gupta H.V., Wagener T., Hay L.E. Framework for understanding structural errors (FUSE): a modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44:W00B02. 10.1029/2007WR006735.
    • (2008) Water Resour. Res. , vol.44 , pp. W00B02
    • Clark, M.P.1    Slater, A.G.2    Rupp, D.E.3    Woods, R.A.4    Vrugt, J.A.5    Gupta, H.V.6    Wagener, T.7    Hay, L.E.8
  • 12
    • 79551470831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological field data from a modeller's perspective. Part 2: process-based evaluation of model hypotheses
    • (published online 23.11.10 in Wiley Online Library)
    • Clark M.P., McMillan H.K., Collins D.B.G., Kavetski D., Woods R. Hydrological field data from a modeller's perspective. Part 2: process-based evaluation of model hypotheses. Hydrol. Processes 2011, 25:523-543. (published online 23.11.10 in Wiley Online Library). 10.1002/hyp.7902.
    • (2011) Hydrol. Processes , vol.25 , pp. 523-543
    • Clark, M.P.1    McMillan, H.K.2    Collins, D.B.G.3    Kavetski, D.4    Woods, R.5
  • 13
    • 1442314273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operation mesoscale Eta model
    • Ek M.B., Mitchell K.E., Lin Y., Rogers E., Grunmann P., Koren V., Gayno G., Tarpley J.D. Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operation mesoscale Eta model. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D22):8851. http://dx.doi.org/10:1029/2002JD003296.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D22 , pp. 8851
    • Ek, M.B.1    Mitchell, K.E.2    Lin, Y.3    Rogers, E.4    Grunmann, P.5    Koren, V.6    Gayno, G.7    Tarpley, J.D.8
  • 14
    • 0028554057 scopus 로고
    • A Heat and Water Transfer Model for Seasonally Frozen Soils with Application to a Precipitation-Runoff Model
    • Paper 2389. Available via USGS, Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center, Denver Colorado.
    • Emerson, D.G., 1994. A Heat and Water Transfer Model for Seasonally Frozen Soils with Application to a Precipitation-Runoff Model. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2389. Available via USGS, Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center, Denver Colorado.
    • (1994) U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply
    • Emerson, D.G.1
  • 15
    • 0031593020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-time sensitivity of the Sacramento model to radar-gauge precipitation inputs
    • Finnerty B.D., Smith M.B., Seo D.-J., Koren V., Moglen G.E. Space-time sensitivity of the Sacramento model to radar-gauge precipitation inputs. J. Hydrol. 1997, 203:21-38.
    • (1997) J. Hydrol. , vol.203 , pp. 21-38
    • Finnerty, B.D.1    Smith, M.B.2    Seo, D.-J.3    Koren, V.4    Moglen, G.E.5
  • 17
    • 39749097806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water balance versus land surface model in the simulation of Rhine River discharges
    • Hurkmans R.T.W.L., De Moel H., Aerts J.C.J.H., Troch P.A. Water balance versus land surface model in the simulation of Rhine River discharges. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44:W01418. 10.1029/2007WR006168.
    • (2008) Water Resour. Res. , vol.44 , pp. W01418
    • Hurkmans, R.T.W.L.1    De Moel, H.2    Aerts, J.C.J.H.3    Troch, P.A.4
  • 18
    • 33646532065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting the right answers for the right reasons: linking measurements, analyses and models to advance the science of hydrology
    • Kirchner J.W. Getting the right answers for the right reasons: linking measurements, analyses and models to advance the science of hydrology. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42:WO3S04. http://dx.doi.org/10:1019/2005/WR004362.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42 , pp. WO3S04
    • Kirchner, J.W.1
  • 19
    • 0019092335 scopus 로고
    • Modelling of processes of river runoff formation in the forest zone of the European USSR
    • Allerton Press, Inc., New York, USA
    • Koren V.I. Modelling of processes of river runoff formation in the forest zone of the European USSR. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology 1980, 78-85. Allerton Press, Inc., New York, USA.
    • (1980) Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology , pp. 78-85
    • Koren, V.I.1
  • 20
    • 84967467316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of frozen ground effects: sensitivity to soil properties. Predictions in ungauged basins: promises and progress
    • IAHS Publication 303, Brazil, April 2005.
    • Koren, V., 2006. Parameterization of frozen ground effects: sensitivity to soil properties. Predictions in ungauged basins: promises and progress. In: Proceedings of Symposium S7 held during the Seventh IAHS Scientific Assembly at Foz do Iquacu, Brazil, April 2005. IAHS Publication 303, pp. 125-133.
    • (2006) Proceedings of Symposium S7 held during the Seventh IAHS Scientific Assembly at Foz do Iquacu , pp. 125-133
    • Koren, V.1
  • 21
    • 0033609629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of snowpack and frozen ground intended for NCEP weather and climate models
    • Koren V., Schaake J., Mitchell K., Duan Q.Y., Chen F., Baker J.M. A parameterization of snowpack and frozen ground intended for NCEP weather and climate models. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104(D16):19,569-19,585.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.D16 , pp. 19569-19585
    • Koren, V.1    Schaake, J.2    Mitchell, K.3    Duan, Q.Y.4    Chen, F.5    Baker, J.M.6
  • 22
    • 0003210836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of soil property data in the derivation of conceptual rainfall-runoff model parameters
    • AMS, Long Beach, CA
    • Koren, V.I., Smith, M., Wang, D., Zhang, Z., 2000. Use of soil property data in the derivation of conceptual rainfall-runoff model parameters. In: Proceedings of the 15th Conf. on Hydrology. AMS, Long Beach, CA, pp. 103-116.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 15th Conf. on Hydrology , pp. 103-116
    • Koren, V.I.1    Smith, M.2    Wang, D.3    Zhang, Z.4
  • 23
    • 0041653076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a priori parameter estimates in the derivation of spatially consistent parameter sets of rainfall-runoff models
    • AGU, Washington, DC, Q. Duan, S. Sorooshian, H. Gupta, A. Rosseau, R. Turcotte (Eds.)
    • Koren V., Smith M., Duan Q. Use of a priori parameter estimates in the derivation of spatially consistent parameter sets of rainfall-runoff models. Advances in the Calibration of Watershed Models, Water Science and Applications Series 2003, vol. 6:239-254. AGU, Washington, DC. Q. Duan, S. Sorooshian, H. Gupta, A. Rosseau, R. Turcotte (Eds.).
    • (2003) Advances in the Calibration of Watershed Models, Water Science and Applications Series , vol.6 , pp. 239-254
    • Koren, V.1    Smith, M.2    Duan, Q.3
  • 24
  • 25
    • 84856949839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Heat Transfer Component (SAC-HT) for Enhanced Evapotranspiration
    • NWS 53.
    • Koren, V., Smith, M., Cui, Z., Cosgrove, B., Werner, K., Zamora, R., 2010. Modification of Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Heat Transfer Component (SAC-HT) for Enhanced Evapotranspiration. NOAA Technical Report NWS 53. <>. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hrl/hsmb/docs/hydrology/PBE_SAC-SMA/NOAA_Technical_Report_NWS_53.pdf.
    • (2010) NOAA Technical Report
    • Koren, V.1    Smith, M.2    Cui, Z.3    Cosgrove, B.4    Werner, K.5    Zamora, R.6
  • 26
    • 0000471806 scopus 로고
    • Ueber kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden
    • Kozeny J. Ueber kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden. Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1927, 136(2a):271-306.
    • (1927) Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss. Wien. , vol.136 , Issue.2 a , pp. 271-306
    • Kozeny, J.1
  • 27
    • 84919950823 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ice content on the soil conductivity
    • (translated from Russian)
    • Kulik V.Y. Effects of ice content on the soil conductivity. Meteorol. Hydrol. 1969, 9:66-71. (translated from Russian).
    • (1969) Meteorol. Hydrol. , vol.9 , pp. 66-71
    • Kulik, V.Y.1
  • 29
    • 0031919337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Clark's unit graph method to spatially distributed runoff
    • Kull D.W., Feldman A.D. Evolution of Clark's unit graph method to spatially distributed runoff. J. Hydrol. Eng. 1998, 3(1):9-19.
    • (1998) J. Hydrol. Eng. , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-19
    • Kull, D.W.1    Feldman, A.D.2
  • 30
    • 76849083381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses and development of a hierarchy of frozen soil models for cold region study
    • Li Q., Sun S., Xue Y. Analyses and development of a hierarchy of frozen soil models for cold region study. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:D03107. 10.1029/2009JD012530.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115 , pp. D03107
    • Li, Q.1    Sun, S.2    Xue, Y.3
  • 31
    • 0030390088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-dimensional statistical dynamic representation of subgrid spatial variability of precipitation in the two-layer variable infiltration capacity model
    • Liang X., Lettenmaier D.P., Wood E.F. One-dimensional statistical dynamic representation of subgrid spatial variability of precipitation in the two-layer variable infiltration capacity model. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101(D16):21403-21422.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.D16 , pp. 21403-21422
    • Liang, X.1    Lettenmaier, D.P.2    Wood, E.F.3
  • 32
    • 0037593893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of frozen soil on soil temperature, spring infiltration, and runoff: results from the PILPS 2(d) experiment at Valdai, Russia
    • Luo L., Robock A., Vinnikov K.Y., Schlosser C.A., Slater A.G., et al. Effects of frozen soil on soil temperature, spring infiltration, and runoff: results from the PILPS 2(d) experiment at Valdai, Russia. J. Hydrometeorol. 2003, 4:334-351.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.4 , pp. 334-351
    • Luo, L.1    Robock, A.2    Vinnikov, K.Y.3    Schlosser, C.A.4    Slater, A.G.5
  • 33
    • 0002410627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conterminous United States multilayer soil characteristics dataset for regional climate and hydrology modeling
    • Miller D.A., White R.A. A conterminous United States multilayer soil characteristics dataset for regional climate and hydrology modeling. Earth Interact. 1998, (2).
    • (1998) Earth Interact. , Issue.2
    • Miller, D.A.1    White, R.A.2
  • 34
    • 0042887002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing near-surface cool/moist biases over snowpack and early spring wet soils in NCEP Eta model forecasts via land surface model upgrades
    • AMS, paper J1.1, January, 2002, Orlando, FL.
    • Mitchell, K., Ek, M., Lohmann, D., Koren, V., Schaake, J., Duan, Y., Grunmann, P., Gayno, G., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Tarpley, D., Peters-Lidard, C., 2002. Reducing near-surface cool/moist biases over snowpack and early spring wet soils in NCEP Eta model forecasts via land surface model upgrades. In: 16th Conference on Hydrology, January, 2002, Orlando, FL. AMS, paper J1.1, pp. J1-J6.
    • (2002) 16th Conference on Hydrology , pp. J1-J6
    • Mitchell, K.1    Ek, M.2    Lohmann, D.3    Koren, V.4    Schaake, J.5    Duan, Y.6    Grunmann, P.7    Gayno, G.8    Lin, Y.9    Rogers, E.10    Tarpley, D.11    Peters-Lidard, C.12
  • 35
    • 18544397365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multi-institutional North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system
    • Mitchell K.E., et al. The multi-institutional North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D07S90. 10.1029/2003JD003823.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , pp. D07S90
    • Mitchell, K.E.1
  • 36
    • 41249100886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of the representative elementary watershed approach for cold regions: constitutive relationships and an application
    • Mou L., Tian F., Hu H., Sivapalan M. Extension of the representative elementary watershed approach for cold regions: constitutive relationships and an application. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2008, 12:565-585.
    • (2008) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 565-585
    • Mou, L.1    Tian, F.2    Hu, H.3    Sivapalan, M.4
  • 37
    • 84860212812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rigorous evaluation of a soil heat transfer model for mesoscale climate change impact studies
    • Muerth M., Mauser W. Rigorous evaluation of a soil heat transfer model for mesoscale climate change impact studies. Environ. Model. Softw. 2012, 35:149-162. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.017.
    • (2012) Environ. Model. Softw. , vol.35 , pp. 149-162
    • Muerth, M.1    Mauser, W.2
  • 38
    • 0014776873 scopus 로고
    • River flow forecasting through conceptual models. Part I, a discussion of principles
    • Nash J.E., Sutcliffe J.V. River flow forecasting through conceptual models. Part I, a discussion of principles. J. Hydrol. 1970, 10:282-290.
    • (1970) J. Hydrol. , vol.10 , pp. 282-290
    • Nash, J.E.1    Sutcliffe, J.V.2
  • 39
    • 33646824817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale
    • Niu G.-Y., Yang Z.-L. Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale. J. Hydrometeorol. 2006, 7:937-952.
    • (2006) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.7 , pp. 937-952
    • Niu, G.-Y.1    Yang, Z.-L.2
  • 40
    • 84919930986 scopus 로고
    • Frost Depth Survey: A New Approach in Wisconsin
    • revised from Weatherwise, April 1963.
    • Peterson, A.E., Burley, M.W., Caparoon, C.D., 1963. Frost Depth Survey: A New Approach in Wisconsin, revised from Weatherwise, April 1963.
    • (1963)
    • Peterson, A.E.1    Burley, M.W.2    Caparoon, C.D.3
  • 42
    • 34047265847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distributed hydrologic model and threshold frequency-based method for flash flood forecasting at ungauged locations
    • Reed S., Schaake J., Zhang Z. A distributed hydrologic model and threshold frequency-based method for flash flood forecasting at ungauged locations. J. Hydrol. 2007, 337:402-420.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.337 , pp. 402-420
    • Reed, S.1    Schaake, J.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 43
    • 0041653077 scopus 로고
    • Catchment-scale runoff generation model by aggregation and similarity analysis
    • Wiley, New York, D.D. Kalma, M. Sivapalan (Eds.)
    • Robinson J.S., Sivapalan M. Catchment-scale runoff generation model by aggregation and similarity analysis. Scale Issues in Hydrological Modeling 1995, 311-330. Wiley, New York. D.D. Kalma, M. Sivapalan (Eds.).
    • (1995) Scale Issues in Hydrological Modeling , pp. 311-330
    • Robinson, J.S.1    Sivapalan, M.2
  • 44
    • 0000459137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18-Year land-surface hydrology model simulations for a midlatitude grassland catchment in Valdai, Russia
    • Schlosser C.A., Robock A., Vinikov K.Y., Speranskaya N.A., Xue Y. 18-Year land-surface hydrology model simulations for a midlatitude grassland catchment in Valdai, Russia. Mon. Weather Rev. 1997, 125:3279-3296.
    • (1997) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 3279-3296
    • Schlosser, C.A.1    Robock, A.2    Vinikov, K.Y.3    Speranskaya, N.A.4    Xue, Y.5
  • 46
    • 84919930985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
    • (accessed June 2013).
    • Soil Survey Staff, 2013a. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO2). <> (accessed June 2013). http://www.soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov.
    • (2013) U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO2)
  • 47
    • 84919930984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
    • (accessed June 2013).
    • Soil Survey Staff, 2013b. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database. <> (accessed June 2013). http://www.soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov.
    • (2013) Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database
  • 48
    • 85095902026 scopus 로고
    • Numeric results of coupled heat-mass flow during freezing and thawing
    • Natural Resources Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, September 1-2.
    • Taylor, G.S., Luthin, J.N., 1976. Numeric results of coupled heat-mass flow during freezing and thawing. In: The 2nd Conference on Soil Water Problems in Cold Regions. Natural Resources Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, September 1-2.
    • (1976) The 2nd Conference on Soil Water Problems in Cold Regions
    • Taylor, G.S.1    Luthin, J.N.2
  • 49
    • 33748697173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of the representative elementary watershed approach for cold regions via explicit treatment of energy related processes
    • Tian F., Hu H., Lei Z., Sivapalan M. Extension of the representative elementary watershed approach for cold regions via explicit treatment of energy related processes. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2006, 10:619-644.
    • (2006) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 619-644
    • Tian, F.1    Hu, H.2    Lei, Z.3    Sivapalan, M.4
  • 50
    • 0030463866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scales of temporal and spatial variability of mid-latitude soil moisture
    • Vinnikov A., Robock A., Speranskaya N.A., Schlosser C.A. Scales of temporal and spatial variability of mid-latitude soil moisture. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:7163-7174.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 7163-7174
    • Vinnikov, A.1    Robock, A.2    Speranskaya, N.A.3    Schlosser, C.A.4
  • 51
    • 46449111402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of the variable infiltration capacity model soil hydrology scheme into the community land model
    • Wang A., Li K.Y., Lettenmaier D.P. Integration of the variable infiltration capacity model soil hydrology scheme into the community land model. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:DO9111. http://dx.doi.org/10/1029/2007JD009246.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. DO9111
    • Wang, A.1    Li, K.Y.2    Lettenmaier, D.P.3
  • 52
    • 84871930090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frozen soil parameterization in a distributed biosphere hydrological model
    • Wang L., Koike T., Yang K., Jin R., Li H. Frozen soil parameterization in a distributed biosphere hydrological model. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2010, 14:557-571.
    • (2010) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 557-571
    • Wang, L.1    Koike, T.2    Yang, K.3    Jin, R.4    Li, H.5
  • 53
    • 85059222765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for North-American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2. Part 1: intercomparison and application of model products
    • Xia Y., Mitchell K., Ek M., Cosgrove B., Sheffield J., Luo L., Alonge C., Wei H., Meng J., Livneh B., Duan Y., Lohman D. Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for North-American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2. Part 1: intercomparison and application of model products. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 117(D03109):2011J. 10.1029/D016048.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , Issue.D03109 , pp. 2011J
    • Xia, Y.1    Mitchell, K.2    Ek, M.3    Cosgrove, B.4    Sheffield, J.5    Luo, L.6    Alonge, C.7    Wei, H.8    Meng, J.9    Livneh, B.10    Duan, Y.11    Lohman, D.12
  • 54
    • 85057921393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for North-American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2. Part 2: validation of model-simulated streamflow
    • Xia Y., Mitchell K., Ek M., Cosgrove B., Sheffield J., Luo L., Alonge C., Wei H., Meng J., Livneh B., Duan Y., Lohman D. Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for North-American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2. Part 2: validation of model-simulated streamflow. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2011, 117(D3):D03110. 10.1029/2011JD016051.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.117 , Issue.D3 , pp. D03110
    • Xia, Y.1    Mitchell, K.2    Ek, M.3    Cosgrove, B.4    Sheffield, J.5    Luo, L.6    Alonge, C.7    Wei, H.8    Meng, J.9    Livneh, B.10    Duan, Y.11    Lohman, D.12
  • 55
    • 34848835467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of a frozen soil parameterization for cold region studies
    • Zhang X., Sun S.F., Xue Y. Development and testing of a frozen soil parameterization for cold region studies. J. Hydrometeorol. 2007, 8:690-701.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.8 , pp. 690-701
    • Zhang, X.1    Sun, S.F.2    Xue, Y.3
  • 56
    • 84898547789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling of a simultaneous heat and water model with a distributed hydrological model and evaluation of the combined model in a cold region watershed
    • Zhang Y., Cheng G., Li X., Han X., Wang L., Li H., Chang X., Flerchinger G.N. Coupling of a simultaneous heat and water model with a distributed hydrological model and evaluation of the combined model in a cold region watershed. Hydrol. Process. 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10:1002/hyp.9514.
    • (2012) Hydrol. Process.
    • Zhang, Y.1    Cheng, G.2    Li, X.3    Han, X.4    Wang, L.5    Li, H.6    Chang, X.7    Flerchinger, G.N.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.