Greenlighting photoelectrochemical oxidation of water by iron oxide

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 12199-12207

  Kim, Dong Wook ^a   Riha, Shannon C ^b   Demarco, Erica J ^a   Martinson, Alex B F ^a,b   Farha, Omar K ^a,d   Hupp, Joseph T ^a,b,c  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Materials Science Division   (United States)

^c ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

absorbed photon to current conversion efficiency (APCE); green light; iron oxide; titanium incorporation; transient photocurrent; ultrathin film

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODES; ENERGY GAP; HEMATITE; IRON OXIDES; LIGHT; OXIDATION; PHOTONS; REACTION KINETICS; TITANIUM ALLOYS; ULTRATHIN FILMS;

ABSORBED PHOTONS; ELECTRODE/SOLUTION INTERFACES; GREEN LIGHT; INTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; PHOTO-ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATIONS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; TRANSIENT PHOTOCURRENTS; VALENCE-BAND-EDGE ENERGIES;

TITANIUM OXIDES;

EID: 84919725887     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn503869n     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode Nature 1972, 238, 37-38
2. Hardee, K. L.; Bard, A. J. Semiconductor Electrodes: V. The Application of Chemically Vapor Deposited Iron Oxide Films to Photosensitized Electrolysis J. Electrochem. Soc. 1976, 123, 1024-1026
3. 3) Photoelectrodes ChemSusChem 2011, 4, 432-449
4. Katz, M. J.; Riha, S. C.; Jeong, N. C.; Martinson, A. B. F.; Farha, O. K.; Hupp, J. T. Toward Solar Fuels: Water Splitting with Sunlight and "Rust" Coord. Chem. Rev. 2012, 256, 2521-2529
5. 3 near IR to UV J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1980, 41, 981-984
6. Thimsen, E.; Biswas, S.; Lo, C. S.; Biswas, P. Predicting the Band Structure of Mixed Transition Metal Oxides: Theory and Experiment J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 2014-2021
7. 3 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3667-3671
8. Dare-Edwards, M. P.; Goodenough, J. B.; Hamnett, A.; Trevellick, P. R. Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry of Iron(III) Oxide J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1983, 79, 2027-2041
9. 3 Electrodes J. Electrochem. Soc. 1978, 125, 709-714
10. Braun, A.; Sivula, K.; Bora, D. K.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, L.; Grätzel, M.; Guo, J.; Constable, E. C. Direct Observation of Two Electron Holes in a Hematite Photoanode during Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 16870-16875
11. Tilley, S. D.; Cornuz, M.; Sivula, K.; Grätzel, M. Light-Induced Water Splitting with Hematite: Improved Nanostructure and Iridium Oxide Catalysis Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6405-6408
12. Chen, Z.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Deutsch, T. G.; Kleiman-Shwarsctein, A.; Forman, A. J.; Gaillard, N.; Garland, R.; Takanabe, K.; Heske, C.; Sunkara, M. et al. Accelerating Materials Development for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production: Standards for Methods, Definitions, and Reporting Protocols J. Mater. Res. 2010, 25, 3-16
13. Warren, S. C.; Voïtchovsky, K.; Dotan, H.; Leroy, C. M.; Cornuz, M.; Stellacci, F.; Hébert, C.; Rothschild, A.; Grätzel, M. Identifying Champion Nanostructures for Solar Water-Splitting Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 842-849
14. Kim, J. Y.; Magesh, G.; Youn, D. H.; Jang, J.-W.; Kubota, J.; Domen, K.; Lee, J. S. Single-Crystalline, Wormlike Hematite Photoanodes for Efficient Solar Water Splitting Sci. Rep. 2014, 3, 2681
15. Lin, Y.; Zhou, S.; Sheehan, S. W.; Wang, D. Nanonet-Based Hematite Heteronanostructures for Efficient Solar Water Splitting J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2398-2401
16. 3 Films J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15714-15721
17. 4 Heterojunction Array as a Flexible Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1248-1252
18. 3) Nanotube Arrays: Rapid Electrochemical Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Properties J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 16293-16298
19. Riha, S. C.; Vermeer, M. J. D.; Pellin, M. J.; Hupp, J. T.; Martinson, A. B. F. Hematite-Based Photo-oxidation of Water Using Transparent Distributed Current Collectors ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 2013, 5, 360-367
20. 2 for Host-Guest Photoelectrochemistry Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5431-5435
21. Qiu, Y.; Leung, S.-F.; Zhang, Q.; Hua, B.; Lin, Q.; Wei, Z.; Tsui, K.-H.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, S.; Fan, Z. Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with Ultrathin Films of Hematite on Three-Dimensional Nanophotonic Structures Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 2123-2129
22. 3 Electrodes for Water Splitting Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 35-43
23. Warren, S. C.; Thimsen, E. Plasmonic Solar Water Splitting Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5133-5146
24. Thomann, I.; Pinaud, B. A.; Chen, Z.; Clemens, B. M.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Brongersma, M. L. Plasmon Enhanced Solar-to-Fuel Energy Conversion Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3440-3446
25. 3 toward Water Oxidation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14868-14871
26. 3 Photoanodes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6086-6087
27. Riha, S. C.; Klahr, B. M.; Tyo, E. C.; Seifert, S.; Vajda, S.; Pellin, M. J.; Hamann, T. W.; Martinson, A. B. F. Atomic Layer Deposition of a Submonolayer Catalyst for the Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Water Oxidation with Hematite ACS Nano 2013, 7, 2396-2405
28. Formal, F. L.; Grätzel, M.; Sivula, K. Controlling Photoactivity in Ultrathin Hematite Films for Solar Water-Splitting Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1099-1107
29. 3 Underlayer as an Isomorphic Template for Ultrathin Hematite Films toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Faraday Discuss. 2012, 155, 223-232
30. 3 Thin Film Electrodes: Resurrection of the Dead Layer Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 634-642
31. Ling, Y.; Wang, G.; Wheeler, D. A.; Zhang, J. Z.; Li, Y. Sn-Doped Hematite Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2119-2125
32. 3 Photoanodes for Water Splitting J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 15290-15296
33. Glasscock, J. A.; Barnes, P. R. F.; Plumb, I. C.; Savvides, N. Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production from Hematite Thin Films by the Introduction of Ti and Si J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 16477-16488
34. 3-Based Films for Water Oxidation Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3503-3509
35. 3 Photoanodes Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 6474-6482
36. 3 Thin Film Photoanodes by an In Situ Solid-State Reaction Method ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 2013, 5, 1310-1316
37. Zhang, P.; Kleiman-Shwarsctein, A.; Hu, Y.-S.; Lefton, J.; Sharma, S.; Forman, A. J.; McFarland, E. Oriented Ti Doped Hematite Thin Film as Active Photoanodes Synthesized by Facile APCVD Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 1020-1028
38. Rioult, M.; Magnan, H.; Stanescu, D.; Barbier, A. Single Crystalline Hematite Films for Solar Water Splitting: Ti-Doping and Thickness Effects J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 3007-3014
39. Tang, H.; Matin, M. A.; Wang, H.; Deutsch, T.; Al-Jassim, M.; Turner, J.; Yan, Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium-Alloyed Hematite Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 123511
40. 3 Photoanode Films Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 042105
41. Cheng, W.; He, J.; Sun, Z.; Peng, Y.; Yao, T.; Liu, Q.; Jiang, Y.; Hu, F.; Xie, Z.; He, B. et al. Ni-Doped Overlayer Hematite Nanotube: A Highly Photoactive Architecture for Utilization of Visible Light J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 24060-24067
42. 3) Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 5255-5261
43. 3 Electrodes for Solar Driven Water Splitting: Effect of Doping Agents on Preparation and Performance J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 4768-4778
44. 3 Photoelectrodes: Experiment and Theory Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 510-517
45. 3 Thin Films Synthesized via the Sol-Gel Process for Light-Driven Water Oxidation Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 13224-13232
46. 3 Thin Films Prepared by Electrodeposition Electrochim. Acta 2012, 59, 121-127
47. 3 Films Made by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 17184-17191
48. 3 Composite Photoanodes: Oxygen Evolution and Resolution of a Kinetic Bottleneck J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4202-4207
49. 3 Using Ferrocene and Ozone J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 4333-4339
50. Klug, J. A.; Becker, N. G.; Riha, S. C.; Martinson, A. B. F.; Elam, J. W.; Pellin, M. J.; Proslier, T. Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Highly Photoactive Hematite Using Iron(III) Chloride and Water J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 11607-11613
51. Riha, S. C.; Racowski, J. M.; Lanci, M. P.; Klug, J. A.; Hock, A. S.; Martinson, A. B. F. Phase Discrimination through Oxidant Selection in Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Crystalline Iron Oxides Langmuir 2013, 29, 3439-3445
52. Ridder, M.; Ven, P. C.; Welzenis, R. G.; Brongersma, H. H.; Helfensteyn, S.; Creemers, C.; Voort, P. V. D.; Baltes, M.; Mathieu, M.; Vansant, E. F. Growth of Iron Oxide on Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Atomic Layer Deposition J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 13146-13153
53. Suntola, T. Atomic Layer Epitaxy Mater. Sci. Rep. 1989, 4, 261-312
54. 3 Films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition Chem. Vap. Dep. 1999, 5, 7-9
55. Leskelä, M.; Ritala, M. Atomic Layer Deposition Chemistry: Recent Developments and Future Challenges Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 5548-5554
56. George, S. M. Atomic Layer Deposition: An Overview Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 111-131
57. 3 Photoanodes for Water Oxidation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18318-18324
58. Hardee, K. L.; Bard, A. J. Semiconductor Electrodes: X. Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Several Polycrystalline Metal Oxide Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions J. Electrochem. Soc. 1977, 124, 215-224
59. Klahr, B.; Gimenez, S.; Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Bisquert, J.; Hamann, T. W. Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Investigation of Water Oxidation with Hematite Electrodes Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 7626-7636
60. Formal, F. L.; Sivula, K.; Grätzel, M. The Transient Photocurrent and Photovoltage Behavior of a Hematite Photoanode under Working Conditions and the Influence of Surface Treatments J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 26707-26720
61. Itoh, K.; Bockris, J. O. M. Thin Film Photoelectrochemistry: Iron Oxide J. Electrochem. Soc. 1984, 131, 1266-1271
62. 3) Electrodes using Hydrogen Peroxide as a Hole Scavenger Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 958-964