Segregation in post-civil rights America : Stalled integration or end of the segregated century?

Du Bois Review

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 205-232

  Rugh, Jacob S ^a   Massey, Douglas S ^b  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Discrimination; Land Use Zoning; Latinos; Segregation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919646011     PISSN: 1742058X     EISSN: 17420598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X13000180     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Alba, Richard D. and John R. Logan (1991). Variations on Two Themes: Racial and Ethnic Patterns in the Attainment of Suburban Residence. Demography, 28 (3): 431-453.
2. Alba, Richard D. and John R. Logan (1993). Minority Proximity to Whites in Suburbs: An Individual-Level Analysis of Segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 98 (6): 1388-1427.
3. Banaji, Mahzarin R. (2001). Implicit Attitudes Can be Measured. In Henry L. Roediger, James S. Nairne, Ian Neath, and Aimee M. Surprenan (Eds.), The Nature of Remembering: Essays in Honor of Robert G. Crowder, pp. 117-150. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Bargh, John A. (2004). Being Here Now: Is Consciousness Necessary for Human Freedom? In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, and T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology, pp. 385-397. New York: Guilford.
5. Baum, Deborah (2010). John Logan: Census Shows Integration has Slowed to a Standstill. Today at Brown: News, People, and Events at the University. http://today.brown.edu/articles/2010/12/logan (accessed May 28, 2013).
6. Bertrand, Marriane and Sendhil Mullainathan (2004). Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination. American Economic Review, 94: 991-1013.
7. Blalock, Hubert M. (1967). Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: Wiley.
8. Blau, Peter M. (1977). Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
9. Blaune, Robert (1972). Racial Oppression in America. New York: Harper and Row.
10. Bobo, Lawrence D. (2004). Inequalities that Endure?: Racial Ideology, American Politics, and the Peculiar Role of Social Science. In Maria Krysan and Amanda Lewis (Eds.), Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity, pp. 13-42. New York: Russell Sage foundation.
11. Bobo, Lawrence D. and Camille Z. Charles (2009). Race in the American Mind: From the Moynihan Report to the Obama Candidacy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621: 243-259.
12. Brescia, Raymond H. (2009). Subprime Communities: Reverse Redlining, the Fair Housing Act and Emerging Issues in Litigation Regarding the Subprime Mortgage Crisis. Albany Government Law Review, 2: 164-216.
13. Charles, Camille Z. (2003). The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 29: 167-207.
14. Chavez, Leo R. (2001). Covering Immigration: Population Images and the Politics of the Nation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
15. Chavez, Leo R. (2008). The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
16. Denton, Nancy A. and Douglas S. Massey (1988). Residential Segregation of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians by Socioeconomic Status and Generation. Social Science Quarterly, 69: 797-817.
17. Denton, Nancy A. and Douglas S. Massey (1989). Racial Identity among Caribbean Hispanics: The Effect of Double Minority Status on Residential Segregation. American Sociological Review, 54: 790-808.
18. Emerson, Michael O., Karen J. Chai, and George Yancey (2001). Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation? Exploring the Preferences of White Americans. American Sociological Review, 66 (6): 922-935.
19. Farley, Reynolds and William H. Frey (1994). Changes in the Segregation of Whites from Blacks during the 1980s: Small Steps Toward a More Integrated Society. American Sociological Review, 59 (1): 23-45.
20. Farley, Reynolds, Howard Schuman, Suzanne Bianchi, Diane Colasanto, and Shirley Hatchett (1978). 'Chocolate City, Vanilla Suburbs:' Will the Trend Toward Racially Separate Communities Continue? Social Science Research, 7 (2): 319-344.
21. Fischer, Mary J. and Douglas S. Massey (2004). The Social Ecology of Racial Discrimination. City and Community, 3 (2): 221-243.
22. Fiske, Susan T., Hilary Bergsieker, Anne Marie Russell, and L. Williams (2009). Images of Black Americans: Then, 'Them,' and Now, 'Obama!' DuBois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 6 (1): 83-101.
23. Florida, Richard (2002). The Rise Of The Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community And Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books.
24. Friedman, Samantha and Gregory D. Squires (2005). Does the Community Reinvestment Act Help Minorities Access Traditionally Inaccessible Neighborhoods? Social Problems, 52 (2): 209-231.
25. Grebler, Leo, Joan W. Moore, and Ralph Guzman (1970). The Mexican-American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
26. Glaeser, Edward L. and Joseph Gyourko (2008). Rethinking Federal Housing Policy: How to Make Housing Plentiful and Affordable. Washington, DC: AEI Press.
27. Glaeser, Edward L., Joseph Gyourko, and Raven Saks (2005). Why Have Housing Prices Gone Up? American Economic Review, 95: 21-39.
28. Glaeser, Edward and Jacob Vigdor (2012). The End of the Segregated Century: Racial Separation in America's Neighborhood 1890-2010. Civic Report No. 66, Center for State and Local Leadership. http://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/cr-66.pdf (accessed May 28, 2013).
29. Hirsch, Arnold R. (1983). Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940-1960. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
30. Hirsch, Barry T. and David A. Macpherson (2012). Union Membership and Coverage Database from the Current Population Survey. http://www.unionstats.com (accessed May 28, 2013).
31. Iceland, John (2007). Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation and the Role of Socioeconomic Status: 1980-2000. In John Goering (Ed.), Fragile Rights within Cities: Government, Housing, and Fairness, pp. 127-122. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
32. Iceland, John (2009). Where We Live Now: Immigration and Race in the United States. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
33. Iceland, John, and Melissa Scopilliti (2008). Immigrant Residential Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000. Demography, 45 (1): 79-94.
34. Iceland, John, Cicely Sharpe, and Erika Steinmetz (2005). Class Differences in African American Residential Patterns in US Metropolitan Areas: 1990-2000. Social Science Research, 34 (1): 252-266.
35. Keister, Lisa A. (2000). Wealth in America: Trends in Inequality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
36. Lee, Tiane L. and Susan T. Fiske (2006). Not an Outgroup, Not Yet an Ingroup: Immigrants in the Stereotype Content Model. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30: 751-768.
37. Lieberson, Stanley (1980). A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
38. Logan, John R. and Brian J. Stults (2011). The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis: New Findings from the 2010 Census. Census Brief prepared for Project US2010. http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010/Data/Report/report2.pdf (accessed May 28, 2013).
39. Logan, John R., Brian J. Stults, and Reynolds Farley (2004). Segregation of Minorities in the Metropolis: Two Decades of Change. Demography, 41 (1): 1-22.
40. Lopez, Mark Hugo, Rich Morin, and Paul Taylor (2010). Illegal Immigration Backlash Worries, Divides Latinos. Pew Hispanic Center. http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/128.pdf (accessed May 28, 2013).
41. Lord, Richard (2004). American Nightmare: Predatory Lending and the Foreclosure of the American Dream. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
42. Massey, Douglas S. (1979). Residential Segregation of Spanish Americans in US Urbanized Areas. Demography, 16: 553-563.
43. Massey, Douglas S. (1995). Getting Away with Murder: Segregation and Violent Crime in Urban America. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 143 (5): 1203-1232.
44. Massey, Douglas S. (2001). Segregation and Violent Crime in Urban America. In Elijah Anderson and Douglas S. Massey (Eds.), Problem of the Century: Racial Stratification in the United States, pp. 317-346. New York: Russell Sage foundation.
45. Massey, Douglas S. (2005). Racial Discrimination in Housing: A Moving Target. Social Problems, 52: 148-151.
46. Massey, Douglas S. (2006). Strangers in a Strange Land: Humans in an Urbanizing World. New York: W.W. Norton.
47. Massey, Douglas S. (2007). Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. New York: Russell Sage foundation.
48. Massey, Douglas S. (2009). Racial Formation in Theory and Practice: The Case of Mexicans in the United States. Race and Social Problems, 1: 12-26.
49. Massey, Douglas S. (2010). New Faces in New Places: The New Geography of American Immigration. New York: Russell Sage foundation.
50. Massey, Douglas S. (2011). The Past and Future of American Civil Rights. Daedalus 140 (2): 37-54.
51. Massey, Douglas S. and Brooks Bitterman (1985). Explaining the Paradox of Puerto Rican Segregation. Social Forces, 64: 306-331.
52. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1985). Spatial Assimilation as a Socioeconomic Outcome. American Sociological Review, 50: 94-105.
53. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1987). Trends in the Residential Segregation of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. American Sociological Review, 52: 802-825.
54. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1988 a). The Dimensions of Residential Segregation. Social Forces, 67: 281-315.
55. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1988 b). Suburbanization and Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas. American Journal of Sociology, 94: 592-626.
56. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1989). Hypersegregation in US Metropolitan Areas: Black and Hispanic Segregation along Five Dimensions. Demography, 26: 373-393.
57. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton (1993). American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
58. Massey, Douglas S., Nancy A. Denton, and Mitchell L. Eggers (1994). Disentangling the Causes of Concentrated Urban Poverty. International Journal of Group Tensions, 24: 267-316.
59. Massey, Douglas S. and Mary J. Fischer (2003). In William G. Gale and Janet Rothenberg Pack (Eds.), Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 2003: The Geography of Inequality in the United States 1950-2000, pp. 1-40. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
60. Massey, Douglas S. and Zoltan Hajnal (1995). The Changing Geographic Structure of Black-White Segregation in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 76: 527-542.
61. Massey, Douglas S. and Garvey Lundy (2001). Use of Black English and Racial Discrimination in Urban Housing Markets: New Methods and Findings. Urban Affairs Review, 36: 470-496.
62. Massey, Douglas S. and Karen A. Pren (2012 a). Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Policy: Explaining the Post-1965 Surge from Latin America. Population and Development Review, 38: 1-29.
63. Massey, Douglas S. and Karen A. Pren (2012 b). Origins of the New Latino Underclass. Race and Social Problems, 4 (1): 5-17.
64. Massey, Douglas S., Jonathan Rothwell, and Thurston Domina (2009). Changing Bases of Segregation in the United States. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 626: 74-90.
65. Massey, Douglas S. and Magaly Sánchez (2010). Brokered Boundaries: Creating Immigrant Identity in Anti-Immigrant Times. New York: Russell Sage foundation.
66. Maykovich, Minako K. (1975). Correlates of Racial Prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32 (6): 1014-1020.
67. Moskos, Charles and John Sibley Butler (1996). All That We Can Be: Black Leadership and Racial Integration The Army Way. New York: Basic Books.
68. National Council of State Legislatures (2012). State Laws Related to Immigrants and Immigration: 2012 Report. Washington, DC: National Council of State Legislatures. http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/immig/state-laws-related-To-immigration-And-immigrants.aspx (accessed May 28, 2013).
69. Pendall, Rolf (2000). Local Land-Use Regulation and the Chain of Exclusion. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66: 125-142.
70. Pendall, Rolf, Robert Puentes, and Jonathan Martin (2006). From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of Land Use Regulations in the Nation's 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Research Brief.
71. Piketty, Thomas and Emmanuel Saez (2003). Income Inequality in the United States, 1913-1998. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 158: 1-16.
72. Purnell, Thomas, William Idsardi, and John Baugh (1999). Perceptual and Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18: 10-30.
73. Quillian, Lincoln (2006). New Approaches to Understanding Racial Prejudice and Discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology, 32: 299-328.
74. Quillian, Lincoln and Devah Pager (2001). Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime. American Journal of Sociology, 107 (3): 717-767.
75. Quillian, Lincoln and Devah Pager (2010). Estimating Risk: Stereotype Amplification and the Perceived Risk of Criminal Victimization. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73 (1): 79-104.
76. Reardon, Sean F. and Kendra Bischoff (2011). Income Inequality and Income Segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 116 (4): 1092-1153.
77. Renuart, Elizabeth (2004). An Overview of the Predatory Lending Mortgage Lending Process. Housing Policy Debate, 15 (3): 467-502.
78. Ross, Stephen L. and Margery A. Turner (2004). Other Things Being Equal: A Paired Testing Study of Discrimination in Mortgage Lending. Journal of Urban Economics, 55: 278-297.
79. Rothwell, Jonathan (2011). Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States. American Law and Economics Review, 13 (1): 290-358.
80. Rothwell, Jonathan and Douglas S. Massey (2009). The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in US Urban Areas. Urban Affairs Review, 44: 799-806.
81. Rothwell, Jonathan and Douglas S. Massey (2010). Density Zoning and Class Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas. Social Science Quarterly, 91 (5): 1123-1143.
82. Rugh, Jacob S. and Douglas S. Massey (2010). Racial Segregation and the American Foreclosure Crisis. American Sociological Review, 75 (5): 629-651.
83. Sampson, Robert J. (2012). Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
84. Santa Ana, Otto (2002). Brown Tide Rising: Metaphors of Latinos in Contemporary American Public Discourse. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
85. Schuman, Howard, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence D. Bobo, and Maria Krysan (1998). Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations, Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
86. Smith, Robin and Michelle DeLair (1999). New Evidence from Lender Testing: Discrimination at the Pre-Application Stage. In Margery A. Turner and Felicity Skidmore (Eds.), Mortgage Lending Discrimination: A Review of Existing Evidence, pp. 23-41. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
87. Squires, Gregory D. (1994). Capital and Communities in Black and White: The Intersections of Race, Class, and Uneven Development. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
88. Squires, Gregory D. (2004). Why The Poor Pay More: How to Stop Predatory Lending. Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood Publishing Group.
89. Squires, Gregory D. and Jan Chadwick (2006). Linguistic Profiling: A Tradition of the Property Insurance Industry. Urban Affairs Review, 41 (3): 400-415.
90. St. John, Craig (1996). Age, Racial Prejudice and Fear of Criminal Victimization in Public Settings. Sociological Focus, 29 (1): 15-31.
91. Stephens-Davidowitz, Seth (2013). The Effects of Racial Animus on a Black Presidential Candidate: Using Google Search Data to Find What Surveys Miss. http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/sstephen/papers/RacialAnimusAndVotingSethStephensDavidowitz.pdf (accessed May 28, 2013).
92. Sugrue, Thomas J. (1996). The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
93. Thernstrom, Stephen and Abigail Thernstrom (1997). America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible. New York: Simon and Schuster.
94. Turner, Margery A., Fred Freiberg, Eerin B. Godfrey, Carla Herbig, Diane K. Levy, and Robert E. Smith (2002). All Other Things Being Equal: A Paired Testing Study of Mortgage Lending Institution. Washington, DC: US Department of Housing and Urban Development.
95. US Federal Bureau of Investigation (2012). Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. http://www.ucrdatatool.gov (accessed May 28, 2013).
96. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (2012). Fact Sheet: Delegation of Immigration Authority Section 287(g) Immigration and Nationality Act. Washington, DC: US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. http://www.ice.gov/news/library/factsheets/287g.htm (accessed May 28, 2013).
97. US Patent and Trademark Office (2012). Website of the US Patent and Trademark Office. Washington, DC.
98. US Department of Commerce. http://www.uspto.gov/about/stats/index.jsp (accessed May 28, 2013).
99. Wilkes, Rima and John Iceland (2004). Hypersegregation in the Twenty-First Century: An Update and Analysis. Demography, 4: 23-36.
100. Williams, Richard, Reynold Nesiba and Eileen Diaz McConnell (2005). The Changing Face of Inequality in Home Mortgage Lending. Social Problems, 52 (2): 181-208.
101. Wolff, Edward N. (2010). Recent Trends in Household Wealth in the United States: Rising Debt and the Middle-Class Squeeze-An Update to 2007. Working Paper No. 589, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp-589.pdf (accessed May 28, 2013).
102. Ziegert Jonathan, C. and Paul J. Hanges (2005). Employment Discrimination: The Role of Implicit Attitudes, Motivation, and a Climate for Racial Bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 553-562.
103. Zubrinsky, Camille L. and Lawrence D. Bobo (1996). Prismatic Metropolis: Race and Residential Segregation in the City of the Angels. Social Science Research, 25 (2): 335-374.