What Changes in Cognitive Therapy for Depression? An Examination of Cognitive Therapy Skills and Maladaptive Beliefs

Behavior Therapy

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 96-109

  Adler, Abby D ^a   Strunk, Daniel R ^b   Fazio, Russell H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive therapy; Depression; Maladaptive beliefs; Skills

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDE SCALE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; SKILL; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VALUED IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST; WAYS OF RESPONDING SCALE; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; AGED; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMICS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CULTURE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84919608901     PISSN: 00057894     EISSN: 18781888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.001     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Academy of Cognitive Therapy. (n.d.). Certification in cognitive therapy. Retrieved August 17, 2013, from . http://www.academyofct.org/files/documentlibrary/CTRS_Manual.pdf.
2. Barber J.P., DeRubeis R.J. On second thought: Where the action is in cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1989, 13:441-457. 10.1007/bf01173905.
3. Barber J.P., DeRubeis R.J. The ways of responding: A scale to assess compensatory skills taught in cognitive therapy. Behavioral Assessment 1992, 14:93-115.
4. Barber J.P., DeRubeis R.J. Change in compensatory skills in cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research 2001, 10:8-13.
5. Bardi A., Schwartz S.H. Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:1207-1220. 10.1177/0146167203254602.
6. Beck A.T., Rush A.J., Shaw B.F., Emery G. Cognitive therapy of depression 1979, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
7. Beck A.T., Steer R.A., Brown B.K. Beck depression inventory manual 1996, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX. 2nd ed.
8. Connolly Gibbons M.B., Crits-Christoph P., Barber J.P., Wiltsey Stirman S., Gallop R., Goldstein L.A., .., Ring-Kurtz S. Unique and common mechanisms of change across cognitive and dynamic psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009, 77:801-813. 10.1037/a0016596.
9. De Graaf L.E., Roelofs J., Huibers M.J.H. Measuring dysfunctional attitudes in the general population: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (form A) revised. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2009, 33:345-355. 10.1007/s10608-009-9229-y.
10. De Raedt R., Franck E., Fannes K., Verstraeten E. Is the relationship between frontal EEG alpha asymmetry and depression mediated by implicit or explicit self-esteem?. Biological Psychology 2008, 77:89-92. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.06.004.
11. De Raedt R., Schacht R., Franck E., De Houwer J. Self-esteem and depression revisited: Implicit positive self-esteem in depressed patients?. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44:1017-1028. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.003.
12. DeRubeis R.J., Webb C.A., Tang T.Z., Beck A.T. Cognitive therapy. Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies 2010, Guilford Press, New York, NY. 3rd ed. K.S. Dobson (Ed.).
13. Dimidjian S., Hollon S.D., Dobson K.S., Schmaling K.B., Kohlenberg R.J., Addis M.E., .., Jacobson N.S. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2006, 74:658-670. 10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.658.
14. First M.B., Gibbon M., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B., Benjamin L.S. User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Personality Disorders 1997, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC.
15. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Miriam G., Williams J.B.W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition (SCID-I/NP) 2002, Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.
16. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Miriam G., Williams J.B.W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) 2002, Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.
17. Franck E., De Raedt R., Dereu M., Van den Abbeele D. Implicit and explicit self-esteem in currently depressed individuals with and without suicidal ideation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2007, 38:75-85. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.05.003.
18. Gamer J., Schmukle S.C., Luka-Krausgrill U., Egloff B. Examining the dynamics of the implicit and the explicit self-concept in social anxiety: Changes in the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory following treatment. Journal of Personality Assessment 2008, 90:476-480. 10.1080/00223890802248786.
19. Greenwald A.G., McGhee D.E., Schwartz J.L.K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:1464-1480. 10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464.
20. Greenwald A.G., Nosek B.A., Banaji M.R. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 85:197-216. 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197.
21. Greenwald A.G., Poehlman T.A., Uhlmann E.L., Banaji M.R. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 97:17-41. 10.1037/a0015575.
22. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurological Neurosurgical, Psychiatry 1960, 23:56-62. 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56.
23. Han H.A., Czellar S., Olson M.A., Fazio R.H. Malleability of attitudes or malleability of the IAT?. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2010, 46:286-298. 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.11.011.
24. Holm S. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 1979, 6:65-70.
25. Hundt N.E., Mignogna J., Underhill C., Cully J.A. The relationship between use of CBT skills and depression treatment outcome: A theoretical and methodological review of the literature. Behavior Therapy 2013, 44:12-26. 10.1016/j.beth.2012.10.001.
26. Jacob K.L., Christopher M.S., Neuhaus E.C. Development and validation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Questionnaire. Behavior Modification 2011, 35:595-618. 10.1177/0145445511419254.
27. Jarrett R.B., Vittengl J.R., Clark L.A., Thase M.E. Skills of Cognitive Therapy (SoCT): A new measure of patients' comprehension and use. Psychological Assessment 2011, 23:578-586. 10.1037/a0022485.
28. Jarrett R.B., Vittengl J.R., Doyle K., Clark L.A. Changes in cognitive content during and following cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: Substantial and enduring, but not predictive of change in depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007, 75:432-446. 10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.432.
29. Karpinski A., Steinman R.B. The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 91:16-32. 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.16.
30. Kroenke K., Spitzer R.L. The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals 2002, 32:509-515.
31. Landis J.R., Koch G.G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977, 33:159-174. 10.2307/2529310.
32. Muse K., McManus F. A systematic review of methods for assessing competence in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Clinical Psychology Review 2013, 33:484-499. 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.010.
33. Newman M.G., Zuellig A.R., Kachin K.E., Constantino M.J., Przeworski A., Erickson T., Cashman-McGrath L. Preliminary reliability and validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV: A revised self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy 2002, 33:215-233. 10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80026-0.
34. Olson M.A., Fazio R.H. Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2004, 86:653-667. 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.653.
35. Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures 2008, Psychology Press, New York, NY. R.E. Petty, R.H. Fazio, P. Brinol (Eds.).
36. Rothermund K., Wentura D. Underlying processes in the Implicit Association Test: Dissociating salience from associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2004, 133:139-165. 10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.139.
37. Strunk D.R., Brotman M.A., DeRubeis R.J., Hollon S.D. Therapist competence in cognitive therapy for depression: Predicting subsequent symptom change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2010, 78:429-437. 10.1037/a0019631.
38. Swift J.K., Greenberg R.P. Premature discontinuation in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2012, 80:547-559. 10.1037/a0028226.
39. Teachman B.A., Marker C.D., Smith-Janik S.B. Automatic associations and panic disorder: Trajectories of change over the course of treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2008, 76:988-1002. 10.1037/a0013113.
40. Vasey M.W., Harbaugh C.N., Buffington A.G., Jones C.R., Fazio R.H. Predicting return of fear following exposure therapy with an implicit measure of attitudes. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2012, 50:767-774. 10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.007.
41. Weissman A.N. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A validation study. Dissertation Abstracts International 1979, 40:1389B-1390B.
42. Williams J.B. A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry 1988, 45:742-747. 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007.
43. Young, J. E., & Beck, A. T. (1988). Revision of the Cognitive Therapy Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.