Three layers of collective victimhood: Effects of multileveled victimhood on intergroup conflicts in the Israeli-Arab context

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 44, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 778-794

  Schori Eyal, Noa ^a   Halperin, Eran ^b   Bar Tal, Daniel ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTER   (Israel)

^c TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919481457     PISSN: 00219029     EISSN: 15591816     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12268     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Arian, A. (1995). Security threatened: Surveying Israeli opinion on peace and war. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
2. Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 421-458.
3. Bar-Tal, D. (2000). Shared beliefs in a society: Social psychological analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Bar-Tal, D. (2007a). Sociopsychological foundations of intractable conflicts. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1430-1453.
5. Bar-Tal, D. (2007b). Living with the conflict: Socio-psychological analysis of the Israeli-Jewish society. Jerusalem: Carmel. (in Hebrew)
6. Bar-Tal, D. (2013). Intractable conflicts: Socio-psychological foundations and dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Bar-Tal, D., & Antebi, D. (1992). Siege mentality in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 251-275.
8. Bar-Tal, D., Chernyak-Chai, L., Schori, N., & Gundar, A. (2009). A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts. International Review of the Red Cross, 91, 229-258.
9. Bar-Tal, D., & Halperin, E. (2013). The nature of social-psychological barriers to peaceful conflict resolution and ways to overcome them. Conflict and Communication Online, 12.
10. Bar-Tal, D., & Hammack, P. L. (2012). Conflict, delegitimization and violence. In L. R. Tropp (Ed.), Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (pp. 29-52). New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Bar-Tal, D., Oren, N., & Nets-Zehngut, R. (2013). Socio-psychological analysis of conflict-supporitng narratives: A general framework. Manuscript in preparation.
12. Bieber, F. (2002). Nationalist mobilization and stories of Serb suffering. Rethinking History, 1, 95-110.
13. Bilewicz, M., & Stefaniak, A. (in press). Can a victim be responsible? Antisemitic consequences of victimhood-based identity and competitive victimhood in Poland. In B. Bokus (Ed.), Responsibility: An interdisciplinary perspective. Warsaw: Matrix.
14. Branscombe, N. R. (2004). A social psychological process perspective on collective guilt. In N. R. Branscombe & B. Doosje (Eds.), Collective guilt: International perspectives (pp. 320-334). New York: Cambridge University Press.
15. Callahan, W. A. (2004). Nationalising international theory: race, class and the English school. Global Society, 18, 305-323.
16. Cehajic, S., & Brown, R. (2009). Silencing the past: Effects of intergroup contact on acknowledgment of in-group responsibility. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 190-196.
17. Cehajic, S., Brown, R., & Castano, E. (2008). Forgive and forget? Antecedents and consequences of intergroup forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology, 29, 351-367.
18. Central Bureau of Statistics (2008). Israel in Figures, 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/isr_in_n08e.pdf.
19. Chaitin, J., & Steinberg, S. (2008). You should know better: Expressions of empathy and disregard among victims of massive social trauma. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 17, 197-226.
20. Confino, A. (2005). Remembering the second world war, 1945-1965: narratives of victimhood and genocide. Cultural Analysis, 4, 46-75.
21. Dugas, M., Schori-Eyal, N., McNeill, A., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M., Klar, Y., etal. (2013). The hurt justifies the means: Need for cognitive closure, group glorification, perceived victimhood and moral license. Unpublished manuscript.
22. Eidelson, R. J., & Eidelson, J. I. (2003). Dangerous ideas: Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict. American Psychologist, 58, 182-192.
23. Frank, J. D. (1967). Sanity & survival: Psychological aspects of war and peace. New York: Vintage.
24. Galea, S., & Tracy, M. (2007). Participation rates in epidemiologic studies. Annals of Epidemiology, 17, 643-653.
25. Grosser, P. E., & Halperin, E. G. (1979). Anti-semitism. The causes and effect of a prejudice. Secaucus, NY: Citadel Press.
26. Halperin, E., & Bar-Tal, D. (2011). Socio-psychological barriers to peace making: An empirical examination within the Israeli Jewish society. Journal of Peace Research, 48, 637-657.
27. Halperin, E., & Gross, J. (2011). Intergroup anger in intractable conflict: Long-term sentiments predict anger responses during the Gaza war. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14, 477-488.
28. Heinrich, H. G., & Tanaev, K. (2009). Georgia & Russia: Contradictory media coverage of the August war. Caucasian Review of International Affairs, 3, 244-259.
29. Hovannisian, R. G. (Ed.). (2011). The Armenian Genocide: cultural and ethical legacies (Vol. 1). New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
30. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2008). Israel in Numbers, 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/isr_in_n08e.pdf.
31. Jasiñska-Kania, A. (2007). Bloody revenge in "God's Playground": Poles' collective memory of relations with Germans, Russians, and Jews. International Journal of Sociology, 37, 30-42.
32. Klar, Y., Schori-Eyal, N., & Klar, Y. (2013). The "never again" state of Israel: The emergence of the holocaust as a core feature of Israeli identity and its four incongruent voices. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 125-143.
33. Kriesberg, L. (1993). Intractable conflicts. Peace Review, 5, 417-421.
34. Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 5-18.
35. Liebman, C. (1978). Myth, tradition and values in Israeli society. Midstream, 24, 44-53.
36. Mack, J. E. (1990). The psychodynamics of victimization among national groups in conflict. In V. D. Volkan, D. A. Julius, & J. V. Montville (Eds.), The Psychodynamics of International Relationships (pp. 119-129). Lexington, MA: Lexington.
37. Maoz, I., & Eidelson, R. J. (2007). Psychological bases of extreme policy preferences: How the personal beliefs of Israeli-Jews predict their support for population transfer in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1476-1497.
38. Montville, J. V. (1991). Conflict and peacemaking in multiethnic societies. New York: Lexington Books.
39. Noor, M., Brown, R. J., Gonzalez, R., Manzi, J., & Lewis, C. A. (2008a). On positive psychological outcomes: What helps groups with a history of conflict to forgive and reconcile with each other? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 819-832.
40. Noor, M., Brown, R. J., & Prentice, G. (2008b). Precursors and mediators of intergroup reconciliation in Northern Ireland: A new model. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 481-495.
41. Noor, M., Shnabel, N., Halabi, S., & Nadler, A. (2012). The psychology of competitive victimhood between adversaries in violent conflicts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 351-374.
42. Paez, D., & Liu, J. H. (2011). Collective memory of conflicts. In D. Bar-Tal (Ed.), Intergroup conflicts and their resolution: A social psychological perspective (pp. 105-124). New York: Psychology Press.
43. Podeh, E. (2002). The Arab-Israeli conflict in Israeli history textbooks (pp. 1948-2000). Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
44. Poliakov, L. (1974). The history of anti-semitism. (Vol. 1 and 2). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
45. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
46. Renwick, N., & Cao, Q. (1999). Chinese political discourse towards the 21st century: Victimhood, identity, and political power. East Asia, 111-143.
47. Rotella, K. N., Richeson, J. A., Chiao, J. Y., & Bean, M. G. (2013). Blinding trust: The effect of perceived group victimhood on intergroup trust. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 115-127.
48. Schori-Eyal, N., Klar, Y., Roccas, S., & McNeill, N. (2014). The shadows of the past: Effects of historical group trauma on current intergroup conflicts. Manuscript in preparation.
49. Sharvit, K., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A., Raviv, A., & Gurevich, R. (2010). Ideological orientation and social context as moderators of the effect of terrorism: The case of Israeli-Jewish public opinion regarding peace. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 105-121.
50. Shechter, H., & Salomon, G. (2005). Does vicarious experience of suffering affect empathy for an adversary? The effects of Israelis' visits to Auschwitz on their empathy for Palestinians. Journal of Peace Education, 2, 125-138.
51. Shnabel, N., Halabi, S., & Noor, M. (2013). Overcoming competitive victimhood and facilitating forgiveness through re-categorization into a common victim or perpetrator identity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 867-877.
52. Staub, E., & Vollhardt, J. (2008). Altruism born of suffering: The roots of caring and helping after victimization and other trauma. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 267-280.
53. Volkan, V. (1997). Blood lines: From ethnic pride to ethnic terrorism. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
54. Volkan, V. (2001). Transgenerational transmission and chosen traumas: An aspect of large-group identity. Group Analysis, 34, 79-97.
55. Vollhardt, J. R. (2009). The role of victim beliefs in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Risk or potential for peace? Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 15, 135-159.
56. Vollhardt, J. R. (2012a). Collective victimization. In L. R. Tropp (Ed.), Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (pp. 136-157). New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Vollhardt, J. R. (2012b). Interpreting rights and duties after mass violence. Culture and Psychology, 18, 133-145.
58. Wertsch, J. (2002). Voices of collective remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. Wohl, M. J., Branscombe, N. R., & Reysen, S. (2010). Perceiving your group's future to be in jeopardy: Extinction threat induces collective angst and the desire to strengthen the ingroup. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 898-910.
60. Wohl, M. J. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2008). Remembering historical victimization: Collective guilt for current ingroup transgressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 988-1006.