메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 8-34

Reducing the risk of bias in health behaviour change trials: Improving trial design, reporting or bias assessment criteria? A review and case study

Author keywords

behaviour change; Cochrane; intervention; methodology; randomised controlled trial; risk of bias

Indexed keywords

HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK; STATISTICAL BIAS;

EID: 84918534901     PISSN: 08870446     EISSN: 14768321     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.953531     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 69049087765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percent total attrition: A poor metric for study rigor in hosted intervention designs
    • Amico, K. R. (2009). Percent total attrition: A poor metric for study rigor in hosted intervention designs. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1567–1575. doi:10.2105/AJPH10.2105/AJPH.2008.134767
    • (2009) American Journal of Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 1567-1575
    • Amico, K.R.1
  • 3
    • 84918562150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How standard is standard care? Exploring control group outcomes in behaviour change interventions for young people with type 1 diabetes
    • Ayling, K., Brierley, S., Johnson, B., Heller, S., & Eiser, C. (2015). How standard is standard care? Exploring control group outcomes in behaviour change interventions for young people with type 1 diabetes. Psychology & Health, 30, 85–103.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 85-103
    • Ayling, K.1    Brierley, S.2    Johnson, B.3    Heller, S.4    Eiser, C.5
  • 6
    • 84918502390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context effects and behaviour change techniques in randomized trials: A systematic review using the example of trials to increase adherence to physical activity in musculoskeletal pain
    • Bishop, F. L., Fenge-Davies, A. L., Kirby, S., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2015). Context effects and behaviour change techniques in randomized trials: A systematic review using the example of trials to increase adherence to physical activity in musculoskeletal pain. Psychology & Health, 30, 104–121.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 104-121
    • Bishop, F.L.1    Fenge-Davies, A.L.2    Kirby, S.3    Geraghty, A.W.A.4
  • 7
    • 33847658810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting methods of blinding in randomized trials assessing nonpharmacological treatments
    • Boutron, I., Guittet, L., Estellat, C., Moher, D., Hróbjartsson, A., & Ravaud, P. (2007). Reporting methods of blinding in randomized trials assessing nonpharmacological treatments. PLoS Medicine, 4, e61. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.004006110.1371/journal.pmed.0040061
    • (2007) PLoS Medicine , vol.4 , pp. e61
    • Boutron, I.1    Guittet, L.2    Estellat, C.3    Moher, D.4    Hróbjartsson, A.5    Ravaud, P.6
  • 8
    • 40049106691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration
    • Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P., & CONSORT Group. (2008). Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148, 295–309. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-0000810.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008
    • (2008) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.148 , pp. 295-309
    • Boutron, I.1    Moher, D.2    Altman, D.G.3    Schulz, K.F.4    Ravaud, P.5
  • 9
    • 78049298073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of balance: Randomization in practice in development field experiments
    • Bruhn, M., & McKenzie, D. (2009). In pursuit of balance: Randomization in practice in development field experiments. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1, 200–232. doi:10.1257/app.1.4.200
    • (2009) American Economic Journal: Applied Economics , vol.1 , pp. 200-232
    • Bruhn, M.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 10
    • 85047687716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does MAPS work and in what setting? Considerations regarding the internal and external validity of a trial evaluating an intervention to promote adherence to HIV treatment
    • de Bruin, M. (2013). Does MAPS work and in what setting? Considerations regarding the internal and external validity of a trial evaluating an intervention to promote adherence to HIV treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, 173, 1474. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.778810.1001/jamainternmed.2013.7788
    • (2013) Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine , vol.173 , pp. 1474
    • de Bruin, M.1
  • 11
    • 77955329331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic monitoring-based counseling to enhance adherence among HIV-infected patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • de Bruin, M., Hospers, H. J., van Breukelen, G. J. P., Kok, G., Koevoets, W. M., & Prins, J. M. (2010). Electronic monitoring-based counseling to enhance adherence among HIV-infected patients: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychology, 29, 421–428. doi:10.1037/a002033510.1037/a0020335
    • (2010) Health Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 421-428
    • de Bruin, M.1    Hospers, H.J.2    van Breukelen, G.J.P.3    Kok, G.4    Koevoets, W.M.5    Prins, J.M.6
  • 12
    • 21844442326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory- and evidence-based intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands: A pilot study
    • de Bruin, M., Hospers, H. J., van den Borne, H. W., Kok, G., & Prins, J. M. (2005). Theory- and evidence-based intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands: A pilot study. Aids Patient Care and STDs, 19, 394–394. doi:10.1089/apc.2005.19.384
    • (2005) Aids Patient Care and STDs , vol.19 , pp. 394
    • de Bruin, M.1    Hospers, H.J.2    van den Borne, H.W.3    Kok, G.4    Prins, J.M.5
  • 13
    • 72949115456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard care quality determines treatment outcomes in control groups of HAART-adherence intervention studies: Implications for the interpretation and comparison of intervention effects
    • de Bruin, M., Viechtbauer, W., Hospers, H. J., Schaalma, H. P., & Kok, G. (2009). Standard care quality determines treatment outcomes in control groups of HAART-adherence intervention studies: Implications for the interpretation and comparison of intervention effects. Health Psychology, 28, 668–674. doi:10.1037/a001598910.1037/a0015989
    • (2009) Health Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 668-674
    • de Bruin, M.1    Viechtbauer, W.2    Hospers, H.J.3    Schaalma, H.P.4    Kok, G.5
  • 14
    • 76249093081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard care impact on effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions – A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • de Bruin, M., Viechtbauer, W., Schaalma, H. P., Kok, G., Abraham, C., & Hospers, H. J. (2010). Standard care impact on effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions – A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 240–250. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.53610.1001/archinternmed.2009.536
    • (2010) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.170 , pp. 240-250
    • de Bruin, M.1    Viechtbauer, W.2    Schaalma, H.P.3    Kok, G.4    Abraham, C.5    Hospers, H.J.6
  • 15
    • 84918782613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: A systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures
    • Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., & Barr, C. H. I. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: A systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures. Implementation Science, 8(22), 1–20.
    • (2013) Implementation Science , vol.8 , Issue.22 , pp. 1-20
    • Chaudoir, S.R.1    Dugan, A.G.2    Barr, C.H.I.3
  • 16
    • 77955496499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of risk of bias among pediatric randomized controlled trials
    • Crocetti, M. T., Amin, D. D., & Scherer, R. (2010). Assessment of risk of bias among pediatric randomized controlled trials. Pediatrics, 126, 298–305. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-312110.1542/peds.2009-3121
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126 , pp. 298-305
    • Crocetti, M.T.1    Amin, D.D.2    Scherer, R.3
  • 17
    • 84871154077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What about trialists sharing other study materials?
    • Crutzen, R., Peters, G.-J. Y., & Abraham, C. (2012). What about trialists sharing other study materials? British Medical Journal, 345, e8352. doi:10.1136/bmj.e835210.1136/bmj.e8352
    • (2012) British Medical Journal , vol.345 , pp. e8352
    • Crutzen, R.1    Peters, G.-J.Y.2    Abraham, C.3
  • 18
    • 84918561575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential attrition in health behaviour change trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Crutzen, R., Viechtbauer, W., Spigt, M., & Kotz, D. (2015). Differential attrition in health behaviour change trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 30, 122–134.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 122-134
    • Crutzen, R.1    Viechtbauer, W.2    Spigt, M.3    Kotz, D.4
  • 19
    • 84878291260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and assessment of adherence-enhancing interventions in studies assessing medication adherence through electronically compiled drug dosing histories: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
    • Demonceau, J., Ruppar, T., Kristanto, P., Hughes, D. A., Fargher, E., Kardas, P., … Vrijens, B. (2013). Identification and assessment of adherence-enhancing interventions in studies assessing medication adherence through electronically compiled drug dosing histories: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Drugs, 73, 545–562. doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0041-310.1007/s40265-013-0041-3
    • (2013) Drugs , vol.73 , pp. 545-562
    • Demonceau, J.1    Ruppar, T.2    Kristanto, P.3    Hughes, D.A.4    Fargher, E.5    Kardas, P.6    7    Vrijens, B.8
  • 20
    • 84918534711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of bias in trial-based economic evaluations: Identification of sources and bias-reducing strategies
    • Evers, S. M. A. A., Hiligsmann, M., & Adarkwah, C. C. (2015). Risk of bias in trial-based economic evaluations: Identification of sources and bias-reducing strategies. Psychology & Health, 30, 52–71.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 52-71
    • Evers, S.M.A.A.1    Hiligsmann, M.2    Adarkwah, C.C.3
  • 21
    • 66849084202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data
    • Fanelli, D. (2009). How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data. PLoS ONE, 4, e5738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.000573810.1371/journal.pone.0005738
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. e5738
    • Fanelli, D.1
  • 22
    • 77956334138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do pressures to publish increase scientists’ bias? An empirical support from US states data
    • Fanelli, D. (2010). Do pressures to publish increase scientists’ bias? An empirical support from US states data. PLoS ONE, 5, e10271. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.001027110.1371/journal.pone.0010271
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. e10271
    • Fanelli, D.1
  • 23
    • 17844376833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential recruitment in a cluster randomized trial in primary care: The experience of the UK Back pain, Exercise, Active management and Manipulation (UK BEAM) feasibility study
    • Farrin, A., Russell, I., Torgerson, D., Underwood, M., & UK BEAM Trial Team. (2005). Differential recruitment in a cluster randomized trial in primary care: The experience of the UK Back pain, Exercise, Active management and Manipulation (UK BEAM) feasibility study. Clinical Trials, 2, 119–124. doi:10.1191/1740774505cn073oa10.1191/1740774505cn073oa
    • (2005) Clinical Trials , vol.2 , pp. 119-124
    • Farrin, A.1    Russell, I.2    Torgerson, D.3    Underwood, M.4
  • 25
    • 81255204165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intention-to-treat concept: A review
    • Gupta, S. K. (2011). Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2, 109–112. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.8322110.4103/2229-3485.83221
    • (2011) Perspectives in Clinical Research , vol.2 , pp. 109-112
    • Gupta, S.K.1
  • 29
    • 0033546995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials
    • Hollis, S., & Campbell, F. (1999). What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal, 319, 670–674. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.67010.1136/bmj.319.7211.670
    • (1999) British Medical Journal , vol.319 , pp. 670-674
    • Hollis, S.1    Campbell, F.2
  • 30
    • 34547830379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blinded trials taken to the test: An analysis of randomized clinical trials that report tests for the success of blinding
    • Hróbjartsson, A., Forfang, E., Haahr, M. T., Als-Nielsen, B., & Brorson, S. (2007). Blinded trials taken to the test: An analysis of randomized clinical trials that report tests for the success of blinding. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 654–663. doi:10.1093/ije/dym02010.1093/ije/dym020
    • (2007) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.36 , pp. 654-663
    • Hróbjartsson, A.1    Forfang, E.2    Haahr, M.T.3    Als-Nielsen, B.4    Brorson, S.5
  • 31
    • 84918535527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panning for the gold in health research: Incorporating studies’ methodological quality in meta-analysis
    • Johnson, B. T., Low, R. E., & MacDonald, H. V. (2015). Panning for the gold in health research: Incorporating studies’ methodological quality in meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 30, 135–152.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 135-152
    • Johnson, B.T.1    Low, R.E.2    MacDonald, H.V.3
  • 34
    • 0038439242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: Systematic review
    • Lexchin, J., Bero, L. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Clark, O. (2003). Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, 326, 1167–1170. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.116710.1136/bmj.326.7400.1167
    • (2003) British Medical Journal , vol.326 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Lexchin, J.1    Bero, L.A.2    Djulbegovic, B.3    Clark, O.4
  • 35
    • 33847144019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated measures analyses of dose timing of antiretroviral medication and its relationship to HIV virologic outcomes
    • Liu, H., Miller, L. G., Golin, C. E., Hays, R. D., Wu, T., Wenger, N. S., & Kaplan, A. H. (2007). Repeated measures analyses of dose timing of antiretroviral medication and its relationship to HIV virologic outcomes. Statistics in Medicine, 26, 991–1007. doi:10.1002/sim.259210.1002/(ISSN)1097-0258
    • (2007) Statistics in Medicine , vol.26 , pp. 991-1007
    • Liu, H.1    Miller, L.G.2    Golin, C.E.3    Hays, R.D.4    Wu, T.5    Wenger, N.S.6    Kaplan, A.H.7
  • 36
    • 84876047415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of trial register information during the peer review process
    • Mathieu, S., Chan, A., & Ravaud, P. (2013). Use of trial register information during the peer review process. PLoS ONE, 8, e59910. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.005991010.1371/journal.pone.0059910
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e59910
    • Mathieu, S.1    Chan, A.2    Ravaud, P.3
  • 37
    • 84918549014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From question-behaviour effects in trials to the social psychology of research participation
    • McCambridge, J. (2015). From question-behaviour effects in trials to the social psychology of research participation. Psychology & Health, 30(1), 72–84.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-84
    • McCambridge, J.1
  • 38
    • 80054791687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can research assessments themselves cause bias in behaviour change trials? A systematic review of evidence from Solomon 4-group studies
    • McCambridge, J., Butor-Bhavsar, K., Witton, J., & Elbourne, D. (2011). Can research assessments themselves cause bias in behaviour change trials? A systematic review of evidence from Solomon 4-group studies. PLoS ONE, 6, e25223. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.002522310.1371/journal.pone.0025223
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e25223
    • McCambridge, J.1    Butor-Bhavsar, K.2    Witton, J.3    Elbourne, D.4
  • 39
    • 80053584610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can simply answering research questions change behaviour? Systematic review and meta analyses of brief alcohol intervention trials
    • McCambridge, J., & Kypri, K. (2011). Can simply answering research questions change behaviour? Systematic review and meta analyses of brief alcohol intervention trials. PLoS ONE, 6, e23748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.002374810.1371/journal.pone.0023748
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e23748
    • McCambridge, J.1    Kypri, K.2
  • 40
    • 84894930266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In randomisation we trust? Overlooked problems in experimenting with people in behavioural intervention trials
    • McCambridge, J., Kypri, K., & Elbourne, D. R. (2013). In randomisation we trust? Overlooked problems in experimenting with people in behavioural intervention trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67, 247–253. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.09.004
    • (2013) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.67 , pp. 247-253
    • McCambridge, J.1    Kypri, K.2    Elbourne, D.R.3
  • 42
    • 70450195174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which method of adherence measurement is most suitable for daily use to predict virological failure among immigrant and non-immigrant HIV-1 infected patients?
    • Nellen, J. F. J. B., Nieuwkerk, P. T., Burger, D. M., Wibaut, M., Gras, L. A., & Prins, J. M. (2009). Which method of adherence measurement is most suitable for daily use to predict virological failure among immigrant and non-immigrant HIV-1 infected patients? AIDS Care, 21, 842–850. doi:10.1080/0954012080261281610.1080/09540120802612816
    • (2009) AIDS Care , vol.21 , pp. 842-850
    • Nellen, J.F.J.B.1    Nieuwkerk, P.T.2    Burger, D.M.3    Wibaut, M.4    Gras, L.A.5    Prins, J.M.6
  • 43
    • 3242688851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virological and immunological response to HAART in indigenous and non-indigenous HIV-1 infected patients in the Netherlands: A cohort study
    • Nellen, J. F. J. B., Wit, F. W., Wolf, F. D., Jurriaans, S., Lange, J. M., & Prins, J. M. (2004). Virological and immunological response to HAART in indigenous and non-indigenous HIV-1 infected patients in the Netherlands: A cohort study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 36, 943–950.10.1097/00126334-200408010-00008
    • (2004) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , vol.36 , pp. 943-950
    • Nellen, J.F.J.B.1    Wit, F.W.2    Wolf, F.D.3    Jurriaans, S.4    Lange, J.M.5    Prins, J.M.6
  • 44
    • 84880181520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of a nurse-based intervention (AIMS) to improve adherence among HIV-infected patients: Design of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
    • Oberjé, E., de Bruin, M., Evers, S., Viechtbauer, W., Nobel, H.-E., Schaalma, H. P., … Prins, J. M. (2013). Cost-effectiveness of a nurse-based intervention (AIMS) to improve adherence among HIV-infected patients: Design of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 13(274), 1–11. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-274
    • (2013) BMC Health Services Research , vol.13 , Issue.274 , pp. 1-11
    • Oberjé, E.1    de Bruin, M.2    Evers, S.3    Viechtbauer, W.4    Nobel, H.-E.5    Schaalma, H.P.6    7    Prins, J.M.8
  • 45
    • 84890390908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness of medication adherence-enhancing interventions: A systematic review of trial-based economic evaluations
    • Oberjé, E. J., de Kinderen, R. J., Evers, S. M., van Woerkum, C. M., & de Bruin, M. (2013). Cost effectiveness of medication adherence-enhancing interventions: A systematic review of trial-based economic evaluations. PharmacoEconomics, 31, 1155–1168. doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0108-810.1007/s40273-013-0108-8
    • (2013) PharmacoEconomics , vol.31 , pp. 1155-1168
    • Oberjé, E.J.1    de Kinderen, R.J.2    Evers, S.M.3    van Woerkum, C.M.4    de Bruin, M.5
  • 46
    • 77954714041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss interventions in young people (18 to 25 year olds): A systematic review
    • Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Precious, E., Crombie, I. K., & Smith, W. C. (2009). Weight loss interventions in young people (18 to 25 year olds): A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 11, 580–592. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.0067310.1111/obr.2010.11.issue-8
    • (2009) Obesity Reviews , vol.11 , pp. 580-592
    • Poobalan, A.S.1    Aucott, L.S.2    Precious, E.3    Crombie, I.K.4    Smith, W.C.5
  • 47
    • 0141639672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for risk of bias in cluster randomised trials: Review of recent trials published in three general medical journals
    • Puffer, S., Torgerson, D. J., & Watson, J. (2003). Evidence for risk of bias in cluster randomised trials: Review of recent trials published in three general medical journals. British Medical Journal, 327, 785–789. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7418.78510.1136/bmj.327.7418.785
    • (2003) British Medical Journal , vol.327 , pp. 785-789
    • Puffer, S.1    Torgerson, D.J.2    Watson, J.3
  • 50
    • 0033578116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding controlled trials: Baseline imbalance in randomised controlled trials
    • Roberts, C., & Torgerson, D. J. (1999). Understanding controlled trials: Baseline imbalance in randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal, 319, 185. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7203.18510.1136/bmj.319.7203.185
    • (1999) British Medical Journal , vol.319 , pp. 185
    • Roberts, C.1    Torgerson, D.J.2
  • 51
    • 34547830376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Measuring the success of blinding in RCTs: Don’t, must, can’t or needn’t?
    • Sackett, D. L. (2007). Commentary: Measuring the success of blinding in RCTs: Don’t, must, can’t or needn’t? International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 664–665. doi:10.1093/ije/dym08810.1093/ije/dym088
    • (2007) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.36 , pp. 664-665
    • Sackett, D.L.1
  • 52
    • 84866641767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomised controlled trials: Combined analysis of meta-epidemiological studies
    • Savovic, J., Jones, H., Altman, D., Harris, R., Juni, P., Pildal, J., … Sterne, J. (2012). Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomised controlled trials: Combined analysis of meta-epidemiological studies. Health Technology Assessment, 16, 1–82.
    • (2012) Health Technology Assessment , vol.16 , pp. 1-82
    • Savovic, J.1    Jones, H.2    Altman, D.3    Harris, R.4    Juni, P.5    Pildal, J.6    7    Sterne, J.8
  • 53
    • 3242723947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: Why bother?
    • Schulz, K. F. (2000). Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: Why bother? Evidence Based Medicine, 5, 36–38. doi:10.1136/ebm.5.2.3610.1136/ebm.5.2.36
    • (2000) Evidence Based Medicine , vol.5 , pp. 36-38
    • Schulz, K.F.1
  • 54
    • 0037045587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: Chance, not choice
    • Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2002). Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: Chance, not choice. The Lancet, 359, 515–519. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07683-310.1016/S0140-6736(02)07683-3
    • (2002) The Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 515-519
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Grimes, D.A.2
  • 55
    • 0024583836 scopus 로고
    • Covariate imbalance and random allocation in clinical trials
    • Senn, S. J. (1989). Covariate imbalance and random allocation in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 8, 467–475. doi:10.1002/sim.478008041010.1002/(ISSN)1097-0258
    • (1989) Statistics in Medicine , vol.8 , pp. 467-475
    • Senn, S.J.1
  • 56
    • 84876307276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven myths of randomisation in clinical trials
    • Senn, S. J. (2012). Seven myths of randomisation in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 32, 1439–1450. doi:10.1002/sim.5713
    • (2012) Statistics in Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 1439-1450
    • Senn, S.J.1
  • 57
    • 84918559715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating complex interventions: Perspectives and issues for health behaviour change interventions
    • Tarquinio, C., Kivits, J., Minary, L., Coste, J., & Alla, F. (2015). Evaluating complex interventions: Perspectives and issues for health behaviour change interventions. Psychology & Health, 30, 35–51.
    • (2015) Psychology & Health , vol.30 , pp. 35-51
    • Tarquinio, C.1    Kivits, J.2    Minary, L.3    Coste, J.4    Alla, F.5
  • 58
    • 0035835406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination in trials: Is cluster randomisation the answer?
    • Torgerson, D. J. (2001). Contamination in trials: Is cluster randomisation the answer? British Medical Journal, 322, 355–357. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7282.35510.1136/bmj.322.7282.355
    • (2001) British Medical Journal , vol.322 , pp. 355-357
    • Torgerson, D.J.1
  • 59
    • 33947543553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Vartanian, L. R., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2007). Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 667–675. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.08378210.2105/AJPH.2005.083782
    • (2007) American Journal of Public Health , vol.97 , pp. 667-675
    • Vartanian, L.R.1    Schwartz, M.B.2    Brownell, K.D.3
  • 61
    • 0030096228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity
    • Ware Jr., J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34, 220–233.10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003
    • (1996) Medical Care , vol.34 , pp. 220-233
    • Ware Jr, J.E.1    Kosinski, M.2    Keller, S.D.3
  • 62
    • 40949113623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: Meta-epidemiological study
    • Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., … Sterne, J. A. C. (2008). Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: Meta-epidemiological study. British Medical Journal, 336, 601–605. doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.AD10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.AD
    • (2008) British Medical Journal , vol.336 , pp. 601-605
    • Wood, L.1    Egger, M.2    Gluud, L.L.3    Schulz, K.4    Jüni, P.5    Altman, D.G.6    7    Sterne, J.A.C.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.