On the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 14, Issue 23, 2014, Pages 13337-13359

  Zemp, D C ^a,b   Schleussner, C F ^a,c   Barbosa, H M J ^d   Van Der Ent, R J ^e   Donges, J F ^a,f   Heinke, J ^a,g   Sampaio, G ^h   Rammig, A ^a  

^a POTSDAM INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c CLIMATE ANALYTICS   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^e DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^f STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^g INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Kenya)

^h INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MOISTURE TRANSFER; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL;

AMAZON BASIN; ANDES; LA PLATA BASIN;

EID: 84918507039     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-13337-2014     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P. P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D., Gruber, A., Susskind, J., Arkin, P., and Nelkin, E.: The version-2 global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present), J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1147-1167, 2003.
2. Arraut, J. M. and Satyamurty, P.: Precipitation and water vapor transport in the Southern Hemisphere with emphasis on the South American region, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48, 1902-1912, 2009.
3. Arraut, J. M., Nobre, C., Barbosa, H. M., Obregon, G., and Marengo, J.: Aerial rivers and lakes: looking at large-scale moisture transport and its relation to Amazonia and to subtropical rainfall in South America, J. Climate, 25, 543-556, 2012.
4. Bagley, J. E., Desai, A. R., Harding, K. J., Snyder, P. K., and Foley, J. A.: Drought and deforestation: has land cover change influenced recent precipitation extremes in the Amazon?, J. Climate, 27, 345-361, 2014.
5. Betts, R., Cox, P., Collins, M., Harris, P., Huntingford, C., and Jones, C.: The role of ecosystem-atmosphere interactions in simulated Amazonian precipitation decrease and forest dieback under global climate warming, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 157-175, 2004.
6. Boers, N., Bookhagen, B., Marwan, N., Kurths, J., and Marengo, J.: Complex networks identify spatial patterns of extreme rainfall events of the South American Monsoon System, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4386-4392, 2013.
7. Bosilovich, M. G. and Chern, J.-D.: Simulation of water sources and precipitation recycling for the MacKenzie, Mississippi, and Amazon River basins, J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 312-329, 2006.
8. Brubaker, K. L., Entekhabi, D., and Eagleson, P. S.: Estimation of continental precipitation recycling, J. Climate, 6, 1077-1089, 1993.
9. Burde, G. I. and Zangvil, A.: The estimation of regional precipitation recycling. Part I: Review of recycling models, J. Climate, 14, 2497-2508, 2001.
10. Burde, G. I., Gandush, C., and Bayarjargal, Y.: Bulk recycling models with incomplete vertical mixing. Part II: Precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin, J. Climate, 19, 1473-1489, 2006.
11. Chen, M. Y., Shi, W., Xie, P. P., Silva, V. B. S., Kousky, V. E., Higgins, R. W., and Janowiak, J. E.: Assessing objective techniques for gauge-based analyses of global daily precipitation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D04110, doi:10.1029/2007JD009132, 2008.
12. Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., and Jones, C. D.: Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 137-156, 2004.
13. Da Silva, R. R., Werth, D., and Avissar, R.: Regional impacts of future land-cover changes on the Amazon basin wet-season climate, J. Climate, 21, 1153-1170, 2008.
14. Dee, D. and Uppala, S.: Variational bias correction in ERA-Interim, no. 575 in Technical Memorandum, ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading, England, 2008.
15. Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Ka˚llberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, 2011.
16. Dijkstra, E. W.: A note on two problems in connexion with graphs, Num. Math., 1, 269-271, 1959.
17. Dirmeyer, P. A., Brubaker, K. L., and DelSole, T.: Import and export of atmospheric water vapor between nations, J. Hydrol., 365, 11-22, 2009.
18. Donges, J. F., Zou, Y., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: Complex networks in climate dynamics - Comparing linear and nonlinear network construction methods, Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top., 174, 157-179, 2009a.
19. Donges, J. F., Zou, Y., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: The backbone of the climate network, Europhys. Lett., 87, 48007, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/87/48007, 2009b.
20. Drumond, A., Nieto, R., Gimeno, L., and Ambrizzi, T.: A Lagrangian identification of major sources of moisture over Central Brazil and La Plata basin, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14128, doi:10.1029/2007JD009547, 2008.
21. Drumond, A., Marengo, J., Ambrizzi, T., Nieto, R., Moreira, L., and Gimeno, L.: The role of the Amazon Basin moisture in the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle: a Lagrangian analysis, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2577-2598, doi:10.5194/hess-18-2577-2014, 2014.
22. Eltahir, E. A. B. and Bras, R. L.: Precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 861-880, 1994.
23. Fagiolo, G.: Clustering in complex directed networks, Phys. Rev. E, 76, 026107, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.026107, 2007.
24. Figueroa, S. N. and Nobre, C. A.: Precipitation distribution over central and western tropical South America, Climanalise, 5, 36-45, 1990.
25. Franchito, S. H., Rao, V. B., Vasques, A. C., Santo, C. M. E., and Conforte, J. C.: Validation of TRMM precipitation radar monthly rainfall estimates over Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D02105, doi:10.1029/2007JD009580, 2009.
26. Freeman, L. C.: A set of measures of centrality based on between-ness, Sociometry, 40, 35-41, 1977.
27. Gat, J. and Matsui, E.: Atmospheric water balance in the Amazon basin: an isotopic evapotranspiration model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 96, 13179-13188, 1991.
28. Goessling, H. F. and Reick, C. H.: Continental moisture recycling as a Poisson process, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4133-4142, doi:10.5194/hess-17-4133-2013, 2013.
29. Grimm, A. M., Vera, C. S., and Mechoso, C. R.: The South American Monsoon System, in: The Third International Workshop on Monsoons, World Meteorological Organizations, Hangzhou, 111-129, 2-6 November 2004.
30. Hasler, N., Werth, D., and Avissar, R.: Effects of tropical deforestation on global hydroclimate: a multimodel ensemble analysis, J. Climate, 22, 1124-1141, 2009.
31. Hirota, M., Holmgren, M., Van Nes, E. H., and Scheffer, M.: Global resilience of tropical forest and savanna to critical transitions, Science, 334, 232-235, 2011.
32. Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., and Keehn, P. R.: Global precipitation estimates based on a technique for combining satellite-based estimates, rain-gauge analysis and NWP model precipitation information, J. Climate, 8, 1284-1295, 1995.
33. Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Bolvin, D. T., Gu, G., Nelkin, E. J., Bowman, K. P., Hong, Y., Stocker, E. F., and Wolff, D. B.: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38-55, 2007.
34. Keys, P. W., van der Ent, R. J., Gordon, L. J., Hoff, H., Nikoli, R., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions, Biogeosciences, 9, 733-746, doi:10.5194/bg-9-733-2012, 2012.
35. Keys, P. W., Barnes, E. A., van der Ent, R. J., and Gordon, L. J.: Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3937-3950, doi:10.5194/hess-18-3937-2014, 2014.
36. Kim, J.-E. and Alexander, M. J.: Tropical precipitation variability and convectively coupled equatorial waves on submonthly time scales in reanalyses and TRMM, J. Climate, 26, 3013-3030, 2013.
37. Knox, R., Bisht, G., Wang, J., and Bras, R.: Precipitation variability over the forest-to-nonforest transition in southwestern Amazonia, J. Climate, 24, 2368-2377, 2011.
38. Lean, J. and Warrilow, D. A.: Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation, Nature, 342, 411-413, 1989.
39. Lewis, S. L., Brando, P. M., Phillips, O. L., van der Heijden, G. M., and Nepstad, D.: The 2010 amazon drought, Science, 331, 554-554, 2011.
40. Liebman, B., Kiladis, G. N., Marengo, J. A., Ambrizzi, T., and Glick, J. D.: Submonthly convective variability over South America and the South Atlantic convergence zone, J. Climate, 12, 1877-1891, 1999.
41. Loarie, S. R., Lobell, D. B., Asner, G. P., Mu, Q., and Field, C. B.: Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil, Nature Clim. Change, 1, 105-109, 2011.
42. Ludescher, J., Gozolchiani, A., Bogachev, M. I., Bunde, A., Havlin, S., and Schellnhuber, H. J.: Improved El Niño forecasting by cooperativity detection, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 11742-11745, 2013.
43. Malik, N., Bookhagen, B., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: Analysis of spatial and temporal extreme monsoonal rainfall over South Asia using complex networks, Clim. Dynam., 39, 971-987, 2012.
44. Marengo, J. A., Soares, W. R., Saulo, C., and Nicolini, M.: Climatology of the low-level jet east of the Andes as derived from the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses: Characteristics and temporal variability, J. Climate, 17, 2261-2280, 2004.
45. Marengo, J. A.: Characteristics and spatio-temporal variability of the Amazon River Basin Water Budget, Clim. Dynam., 24, 11-22, 2005.
46. Marengo, J. A.: On the hydrological cycle of the Amazon basin: a historical review and current state-of-the-art, Rev. Brasil. Meteorol., 21, 1-19, 2006.
47. Marengo, J. A., Nobre, C. A., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M. D., Sampaio de Oliveira, G., De Oliveira, R., Camargo, H., Alves, L. M., and Brown, I. F.: The drought of Amazonia in 2005, J. Climate, 21, 495-516, 2008.
48. Martinez, J. A. and Dominguez, F.: Sources of Atmospheric Moisture for the La Plata River Basin, J. Climate, 27, 6737-6753, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00022.1, 2014.
49. Medvigy, D., Walko, R. L., and Avissar, R.: Effects of deforestation on spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in South America, J. Climate, 24, 2147-2163, 2011.
50. Miguez-Macho, G. and Fan, Y.: The role of groundwater in the Amazon water cycle. 2. Influence on seasonal soil moisture and evapotranspiration, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15114, doi:10.1029/2012JD017540, 2012.
51. Milo, R., Shen-Orr, S., Itzkovitz, S., Kashtan, N., Chklovskii, D., and Alon, U.: Network motifs: simple building blocks of complex networks, Science, 298, 824-827, 2002.
52. Monteith, J.: Evaporation and environment, Sym. Soc. Exp. Biol., 19, 205-234, 1965.
53. Morton, D. C., Nagol, J., Carabajal, C. C., Rosette, J., Palace, M., Cook, B. D., Vermote, E. F., Harding, D. J., and North, P. R. J.: Amazon forests maintain consistent canopy structure and green-ness during the dry season, Nature, 506, 221-224, 2014.
54. Mu, Q., Zhao, M., and Running, S. W.: Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 1781-1800, 2011.
55. Mueller, B., Seneviratne, S. I., Jimenez, C., Corti, T., Hirschi, M., Balsamo, G., Ciais, P., Dirmeyer, P., Fisher, J. B., Guo, Z., Jung, M., Maignan, F., McCabe, M. F., Reichle, R., Reichstein, M., Rodell, M., Sheffield, J., Teuling, A. J., Wang, K., Wood, E. F. and Zhang, Y.: Evaluation of global observations-based evapotranspiration datasets and IPCC AR4 simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06402, doi:10.1029/2010GL046230, 2011.
56. Mueller, B., Hirschi, M., Jimenez, C., Ciais, P., Dirmeyer, P. A., Dolman, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jung, M., Ludwig, F., Maignan, F., Miralles, D. G., McCabe, M. F., Reichstein, M., Sheffield, J., Wang, K., Wood, E. F., Zhang, Y., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Benchmark products for land evapotranspiration: LandFlux-EVAL multi-data set synthesis, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3707-3720, doi:10.5194/hess-17-3707-2013, 2013.
57. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Da Fonseca, G. A. B., and Kent, J.: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853-858, 2000.
58. Nepstad, D. C., de Carvalho, C. R., Davidson, E. A., Jipp, P. H., Lefebvre, P. A., Negreiros, G. H., da Silva, E. D., Stone, T. A., Trumbore, S. E., and Vieira, S.: The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures, Nature, 372, 666-669, 1994.
59. New, M., Hulme, M., and Jones, P.: Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901-96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate, J. Climate, 13, 2217-2238, 2000.
60. Newman, M. E. J.: Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality, Phys. Rev. E, 64, 016132, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.64.016132, 2001.
61. Nobre, C. A., Sellers, P. J., and Shukla, J.: Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change, J. Climate, 4, 957-988, 1991.
62. Nobre, P., Malagutti, M., Urbano, D. F., de Almeida, R. A., and Giarolla, E.: Amazon deforestation and climate change in a coupled model simulation, J. Climate, 22, 5686-5697, 2009.
63. Numaguti, A.: Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continent: experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 1957-1972, 1999.
64. Oyama, M. D. and Nobre, C. A.: A new climate-vegetation equilibrium state for tropical South America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2199, doi:10.1029/2003GL018600, 2003.
65. Rockström, J., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Hoff, H., Rost, S., and Gerten, D.: Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change, Water Resour. Res., 45, W00A12, doi:10.1029/2007WR006767, 2009.
66. Rozante, J. R. and Cavalcanti, I. F. A.: Regional Eta model experiments: SALLJEX and MCS development, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D17106, doi:10.1029/2007JD009566, 2008.
67. Rozante, J. R., Moreira, D. S., de Goncalves, L. G. G., and Vila, D. A.: Combining TRMM and surface observations of precipitation: technique and validation over South America, Weather Forecast., 25, 885-894, 2010.
68. Ruhoff, A.: Predicting evapotranspiration in tropical biomes using MODIS remote sensing data, Ph.D. thesis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2011.
69. Salati, E., Dall'Olio, A., Matsui, E., and Gat, J. R.: Recycling of water in the Amazon basin: an isotopic study, Water Resour. Res., 15, 1250-1258, doi:10.1029/WR015i005p01250, 1979.
70. Sampaio, G., Nobre, C., Costa, M. H., Satyamurty, P., Soares-Filho, B. S., and Cardoso, M.: Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17709, doi:10.1029/2007GL030612, 2007.
71. Savenije, H. H. G.: The importance of interception and why we should delete the term evapotranspiration from our vocabulary, Hydrol. Process., 18, 1507-1511, 2004.
72. Shukla, J., Nobre, C., and Sellers, P.: Amazon deforestation and climate change, Science, 247, 1322-1325, 1990.
73. Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., and Taylor, C. M.: Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests, Nature, 489, 282-285, 2012.
74. Sudradjat, A., Brubaker, K., and Dirmeyer, P.: Precipitation source/sink connections between the Amazon and La Plata River basins, in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, vol. 1, p. 0830, San Francisco, California, 6-10 December 2002.
75. Trenberth, K. E.: Atmospheric moisture recycling: role of advection and local evaporation, J. Climate, 12, 1368-1381, 1999.
76. Tsonis, A. A., Swanson, K. L., and Wang, G.: On the role of atmospheric teleconnections in climate, J. Climate, 21, 2990-3001, 2008.
77. van der Ent, R. J., Savenije, H. H. G., Schaefli, B., and Steele-Dunne, S. C.: Origin and fate of atmospheric moisture over continents, Water Resour. Res., 46, W09525, doi:10.1029/2010WR009127, 2010.
78. van der Ent, R. J. and Savenije, H. H. G.: Length and time scales of atmospheric moisture recycling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1853-1863, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1853-2011, 2011.
79. van der Ent, R. J., Tuinenburg, O. A., Knoche, H.-R., Kunstmann, H., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Should we use a simple or complex model for moisture recycling and atmospheric moisture tracking?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4869-4884, doi:10.5194/hess-17-4869-2013, 2013.
80. van der Ent, R. J., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Keys, P. W., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Contrasting roles of interception and transpiration in the hydrological cycle - Part 2: Moisture recycling, Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., 5, 281-326, doi:10.5194/esdd-5-281-2014, 2014.
81. Vera, C., Baez, J., Douglas, M., Emmanuel, C. B., Marengo, J., Meitin, J., Nicolini, M., Nogues-Paegle, J., Paegle, J., Penalba, O., Salio, P., Saulo, C., Silva Dias, M. A., Silva Dias, P., and Zipser, E.: The South American low-level jet experiment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 63-77, 2006.
82. Victoria, R. L., Martinelli, L. A., Mortatti, J., and Richey, J.: Mechanisms of water recycling in the Amazon basin: isotopic insights, Ambio, 20, 384-387, 1991.
83. Walker, R., Moore, N. J., Arima, E., Perz, S., Simmons, C., Caldas, M., Vergara, D., and Bohrer, C.: Protecting the Amazon with protected areas, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 10582-10586, 2009.
84. Werth, D. and Avissar, R.: The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 1322-1325, 2002.
85. Zemp, D. C., Wiedermann, M., Kurths, J., Rammig, A., and Donges, J. F.: Node-weighted measures for complex networks with directed and weighted edges for studying continental moisture recycling, Europhys. Lett., 107, 58005, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/107/58005, 2014.