Going to malls, being Chinese?: Ethnic identity among Chinese youths in Toronto's ethnic economy

Chinese Ethnic Business: Global and Local Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 213-233

  Ooka, Emi ^a,b  

^a KOKUGAKUIN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b MEIJI GAKUIN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917387872     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203966914     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. 1997. "Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration." International Migration Review 31: 826-74.
2. Anthony, K.H. 1985. "The Shopping Mall: A Teenage Hangout." Adolescence 20: 307-12.
3. Breton, Raymond. 1964. "Institutional Completeness of Ethnic Communities and Personal Relations of Immigrants." American Journal of Sociology 70: 193-205.
4. Cheng, Maisy and Maria Yau. 1999. "The 1997 Every Secondary Student Survey: Detailed Findings." Toronto: Toronto District School Board.
5. Child, Irvin Long. 1943. Italian or American? The Second Generation in Conflict. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
6. Faist, Thomas. 2000. "Transnationalization in International Migration: Implications for the Study of Citizenship and Culture." Ethnic and Racial Studies 23: 189-222.
7. Fernandez-Kelly, M. Patricia and Richard Schauffler. 1994. "Divided Fates: Immigrant Children in a Restructured U.S. Economy." International Migration Review 28: 662-89.
8. Fong, Eric. 2001a. "Introduction: The Chinese Ethnic Economy." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 10: 1-7.
9. Fong, Eric. 2001b. "Participating in the Ethnic Economy and Psychological Well-Being." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 10(1): 35-52.
10. Fong, Eric and Emi Ooka. 2002. "The Social Consequences of Participating in Ethnic Economy." International Migration Review 36(1): 125-46.
11. Fong, Timothy P. 1994. The First Suburban Chinatown: The Remaking of Monterey Park, California. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
12. Gans, Herbert J. 1979. "Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America." Ethnic and Racial Studies 2: 1-20.
13. Gibson, Margaret A. 1988. Accommodation without Assimilation: Sikh Immigrants in an American High School. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
14. Glazer, Nathan and Daniel P. Moynihan. 1970. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
15. Glick Schiller, Nina and Georges E. Fouron. 1999. "Terrains of Blood and Nation: Haitian Transnational Social Fields." Ethnic and Racial Studies 22: 340-66.
16. Gordon, Milton Myron. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Green, Samuel B., Neil J. Salkind, and Theresa M. Akey. 2000. Using SPSS for Windows: Analyzing and Understanding Data. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
18. Itzigsohn, José and Silvia Giorguli Saucedo. 2002. "Immigrant Incorporation and Sociocultural Transnationalism." International Migration Review 36: 766-98.
19. Laguerre, Michel S. 2000. The Global Ethnopolis: Chinatown, Japantown, and Manilatown in American Society. New York: St. Martin's Press.
20. Lary, Diana and Bernard Luk. 1994. "Hong Kong Immigrants in Toronto." Pp. 139-62 in Reluctant Exiles? Migration from Hong Kong and the New Overseas Chinese, edited by R. Skeldon. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
21. Li, Peter S. 1998. The Chinese in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
22. Li, Wei. 1998. "Los Angeles's Chinese Ethnoburb: From Ethnic Service Center to Global Economy Outpost." Urban Geography 19: 502-17.
23. Light, Ivan Hubert. 1972. Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
24. Light, Ivan Hubert and Edna Bonacich. 1988. Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
25. Lin, Jan. 1998. "Globalization and the Revalorizing of Ethnic Places in Immigration Gateway Cities." Urban Affairs Review 34: 313-39.
26. Lo, Lucia and Shuguang Wang. 1997. "Settlement Patterns of Toronto's Chinese Immigrants: Convergence or Divergence?" Canadian Journal of Regional Science 20: 49-72.
27. Louie, Andrea. 2000. "Re-territorializing Transnationalism: Chinese Americans and the Chinese Motherland." American Ethnologist 27: 645-69.
28. Mitchell, Katharyne. 1997. "Transnational Subjects: Constituting the Cultural Citizen in the Era of Pacific Rim Capital." Pp. 228-56 in Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism, edited by A. Ong and D.M. Nonini. New York: Routledge.
29. Nagel, Joane. 1994. "Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture." Social Problems 41: 152-76.
30. Ong, Aihwa and Donald Macon Nonini. 1997. Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism. New York, Routledge.
31. Ooka, Emi. 2002. "Growing Up Canadian: Language, Culture and Identity among Second-Generation Chinese Youths in Canada." Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto.
32. Parker, David. 1995. Through Different Eyes: The Cultural Identities of Young Chinese People in Britain. Aldershot, England: Avebury.
33. Phinney, Jean S. 1990. "Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research." Psychological Bulletin 108: 499-514.
34. Portes, Alejandro and Robert L. Bach. 1985. Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
35. Portes, Alejandro and Dag MacLeod. 1996. "What Shall I Call Myself? Hispanic Identity Formation in the Second Generation." Ethnic and Racial Studies 19: 523-47.
36. Portes, Alejandro and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 1996. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
37. Portes, Alejandro and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
38. Portes, Alejandro and Min Zhou. 1993. "The New 2nd-Generation-Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants." Annual American Academy of Political and Sociological Science 530: 74-96.
39. Portes, Alejandro and Min Zhou. 1996. "Self-Employment and the Earnings of Immigrants." American Sociological Review 61: 219-30.
40. Portes, Alejandro, Luis E. Guarnizo, and Patricia Landolt. 1999. "The Study of Transnationalism: Pitfalls and Promise of an Emergent Research Field." Ethnic and Racial Studies 22: 217-37.
41. Portes, Alejandro, William J. Haller, and Luis Eduardo Guarnizo. 2002. "Transnational Entrepreneurs: An Alternative Form of Immigrant Economic Adaptation." American Sociological Review 67: 278-98.
42. Preston, Valerie and Lucia Lo. 2000. "Asian Theme Malls in Suburban Toronto: Land Use Conflict in Richmond Hill." The Canadian Geographer 44: 86-93.
43. Qadeer, Mohammad. 1998. "Ethnic Malls and Plazas: Chinese Commercial Developments in Scarborough, Ontario." Toronto: Joint Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement.
44. Rumbaut, Ruben G. 1994. "The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants." International Migration Review 28: 748-94.
45. Rumbaut, Ruben G. 1997a. "Paradoxes (and Orthodoxies) of Assimilation." Sociological Perspectives 40: 483-511.
46. Rumbaut, Ruben G. 1997b. "Assimilation and Its Discontents: Between Rhetoric and Reality." International Migration Review 31: 923-60.
47. Sanders, Jimy M. and Victor Nee. 1996. "Immigrant Self-employment: The Family as Social Capital and the Value of Human Capital." American Sociological Review 61: 231-49.
48. Statistics Canada. 1996. Public Use Microdata Files for Individuals, 1996 Census. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
49. Statistics Canada. 2003. Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada, 2001 Census. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 97F0010XCB01003.
50. Suárez-Orozco, Carola and Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco. 2001. Children of Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
51. Tseng, Yen-Fen. 1994. "Chinese Ethnic Economy: San Gabriel Valley, Los Angeles County." Journal of Urban Affairs 16: 169-89.
52. Vanderbeck, Robert M. and James H. Johnson Jr. 2000. "'That's the Only Place Where You Can Hang Out': Urban Young People and the Space of the Mall." Urban Geography 21: 5-25.
53. Waldinger, Roger and Joel Perlmann. 1998. "Second Generations: Past, Present, Future." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24: 5-24.
54. Wang, Shuguang. 1999. "Chinese Commercial Activity in the Toronto CMA: New Development Patterns and Impacts." Canadian Geographer 43: 19-35.
55. Waters, Mary C. 1994. "Ethnic and Racial Identities of Second-Generation Black Immigrants in New York City." International Migration Review 28: 795-820.
56. Waters, Mary C. 1996. "The Intersection of Gender, Race and Ethnicity in Identity Development of Caribbean American Teens." Pp. 65-81 in Urban Girls: Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities, edited by B.J.R. Leadbeater and N. Way. New York: New York University Press.
57. Wolf, Diane L. 1997. "Family Secrets: Transnational Struggles among Children of Filipino Immigrants." Sociological Perspectives 40: 457-82.
58. Wong, Lloyd L. 1997. "Globalization and Transnational Migration: A Study of Recent Chinese Capitalist Migration from the Asian Pacific to Canada." International Sociology 12: 329-51.
59. Wong, Lloyd L. and Michele Ng. 2002. "The Emergence of Small Transnational Enterprise in Vancouver: The Case of Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26: 508-30.
60. Zhou, Min. 1992. Chinatown: The Socioeconomic Potential of an Urban Enclave. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
61. Zhou, Min. 1997. "Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation." International Migration Review 31: 975-1008.
62. Zhou, Min and Carl L. Bankston. 1998. Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
63. Zhou, Min and John R. Logan. 1989. "Returns on Human Capital in Ethnic Enclaves: New York City's Chinatown." American Sociological Review 54: 809-20.