Localized and distributed creep along the southern San Andreas Fault

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 119, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 7909-7922

  Lindsey, Eric O ^a   Fialko, Yuri ^a   Bock, Yehuda ^a   Sandwell, David T ^a   Bilham, Roger ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREEP; ENVISAT-1; FAULT ZONE; GPS; PLATE TECTONICS; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SLIP RATE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; UPLIFT;

EID: 84915818811     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JB011275     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Allam, A. A., and Y. Ben-Zion (2012), Seismic velocity structures in the southern California plate-boundary environment from double-difference tomography, Geophys. J. Int. , 190(2), 1181-1196, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05544.x.
2. Allen, C. R., M. Wyss, J. N. Brune, A. Grantz, and R. E. Wallace (1972), Displacements on the Imperial, Superstition Hills, and San Andreas faults triggered by the Borrego Mountain earthquake, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 787, 87-104.
3. Ambraseys, N. (1970), Some characteristic features of the North Anatolian Fault zone, Tectonophysics, 9, 143-165, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(70)90014-4.
4. Ben-Zion, Y., Z. Peng, D. Okaya, L. Seeber, J. G. Armbruster, N. Ozer, A. J. Michael, S. Baris, and M. Aktar (2003), A shallow fault-zone structure illu minated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 699-699, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x.
5. Berardino, P., G. Fornaro, R. Lanari, and E. Sansosti (2002), A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40, 2375-2383, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.803792.
6. Bilham, R., and P. Williams (1985), Sawtooth segmentation and deformation processes on the southern San Andreas Fault, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 557-560, doi:10.1029/GL012i009p00557.
7. Bilham, R., N. Suszek, and S. Pinkney (2004), California creepmeters, Seismol. Res. Lett., 75(4), 481-492, doi:10.1785/gssrl.75.4.481.
8. Bird, P. (2009), Long-term fault slip rates, distributed de formation rates, and forecast of seismicity in the western United States from joint fitting of community geologic, geodetic, and stress direction data sets, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B11403, doi:10.1029/2009JB006317.
9. Blanpied, M.,T. Tullis,J. Weeks 1995 Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions J. Geophys. Res. 100 13,045-13 064, 10.1029/95JB00862.
10. Blanpied, M. L., D. A. Lockner, and J. D. Byerlee (1991), Fault stability inferred from granite sliding experiments at hydrothermal conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18(4), 609-612, doi:10.1029/91GL00469.
11. Bock, Y., R. M. Nikolaidis , and P. J. De Jonge (2000), Instantaneous geodetic positioning at medium distances with the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 28,223-28,253, doi:10.1029/2000JB900268.
12. Bürgmann, R. (1991), Transpression along the southern San Andreas fault, Durmid Hill, California, Tectonics, 10, 1152-1163, doi:10.1029/91TC01443.
13. Bü rgmann, R., P. Rosen, and E. Fielding (2000a), Synthetic apertur e radar interferometry to measure Earth's surface topography and its deformation, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 28, 169-209, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.169.
14. Bü rgmann, R., D. Schmidt, R. Nadeau, M. d'Alessio, E. Fielding, D. Manaker, T. McEvilly, and M. Murray (2000b ), Earthquake potential along the northern Hayward Fault, California, Science, 289, 1178-1182, doi:10.112 6/science.289.5482.1178.
15. Cakir, Z., A. M. Akoglu, S. Belabbes, S. Ergintav, and M. Meghraoui (2005), Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian Fault (western Turkey): Rate and extent from InSAR, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 238(1 -2), 225-234, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.044.
16. Cakir, Z., S. Ergintav, H. Ozener, U. Dogan, A. M. Akoglu, M. Meghraoui, and R. Reilinger (2012), Onset of aseismic creep on major strike-slip faults, Geology, 40, 1115-1118, doi:10.1130/G33522.1.
17. Chen, C. W., and H. A. Zebker (2000), Network approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping: Intractability and two new algorithms, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 17, 401-414, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.17.000401.
18. Cochran, E. S., Y.-G. Li, P. M. Shearer, S. Barbot, Y. Fialko, and J. E. Vidale (2009), Seismic and geodetic e vidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones, Geology, 37, 315-318, doi:10.1130/G25306A.1.
19. Crouch, S. L., and A. M. Starfield (1983), Boundary Element Methods in Solid Mechanics, 322 pp., Allen and Unwin, Boston, Mass.
20. Crowell, B. W., Y. Bock, D. T. Sandwell, and Y. Fialko (2013), Geodetic investigation into the deformation of the Salton Trough, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 5030-5039, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50347.
21. Dieterich, J. H. (1978), Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 790-806, doi:10.1007/BF00876539.
22. Dolan, J. F., and B. D. Hara vitch (2014), How well do surface slip measurements track slip at depth in large strike-slip earthquakes? The importance of fault structural maturity in controlling on-fault slip versus off-fault surface deformation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 38 8, 38-47, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.043.
23. Dor, O., T. K. Rockwell, and Y. Ben-Zion (2006), Geological observations of damage asymmetry in the structure of the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Punchbowl faults in southern California: A possible indicator for preferred rupture propagation direction, Pure Appl. Geophys., 163, 301-349, doi:10.1007/s00024-005-0023-9.
24. Dunham, E. M., D. Belanger, L. Cong, and J. E. Kozdon (2011), Earthquake ruptures with strongly rate-weakening friction and off-fault plasticity, Part 2: Nonplanar faults, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 101(5), 2308-2322, doi:10.1785/0120100076.
25. Elliott, J. R., J. Biggs, B. Parsons, and T. J. Wright (2008), Insar slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh Fault, Northern Tibet, in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric d elays, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12309, doi:10.1029/2008GL033659.
26. Faulkner, D. R., T. M. Mitchell, D. Healy, and M. J. Heap (2006), Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fractu re damage zone, Nature, 444, 922-925, doi:10.1038/nature05353.
27. Fialko, Y. (2006), Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas Fault system, Nature, 441, 968-971, doi:10.1038/nature04797.
28. Fialko, Y., and E. Tymofyeyeva (2013), Evaluation of atmospheric phase screens by adaptive common-scene stacking of dense InSAR data sets, Abstract G34B-08 paper presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU.
29. Fialko, Y., D. Sandwell, D. Agnew, M. Simons, P. Shearer, and B. Minster (2002), Deformation on nearby faults induced by the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, Science, 297, 1858-1862, doi:10.1126/science.1074671.
30. Fialko Y.,D. Sandwell M. Simons,P. Rosen 2005 Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit, Nature 435 295-299, 10.1038/nature03425.
31. Fialko, Y. A., and A. M. Rubin (1997), Numerical simulation of high pressure rock tensile fracture experiments: Evidence of an increase in fracture energy with pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5231-5242, doi:10.1029/96JB03859.
32. Funning , G. J., R. Bürgmann, A. Ferretti, F. Novali, and A. Fumagalli (2007), Creep on the Rodgers Creek Fault, northern San Francisco Bay area from a 10 year PS-InSAR dataset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19306, doi:10.1029 /2007GL030836.
33. Genrich, J. F., and Y. Bock (1992), Rapid resolution of crustal motion at short ranges with the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 97(B3), 3261-3269, doi:10.1029/91JB02997.
34. Genrich, J. F., and Y. Bock (2006), Instantaneous geodetic positioning with 10-50 Hz GPS measurements: Noise characteristics and implications for monitoring networks, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B03403, doi:10.1029/20 05JB003617.
35. Herbert, J. W., M. L. Cooke, M. Oskin, and O. Difo (2014), How much can off-fault deformation contribute to the slip rate discrepancy within the Eastern California shear zone, Geology, 42(1), 71-74, doi:10.1130/G34738.1.
36. Hetland, E. A., P. Musé , M. Simons, Y. N. Lin, P. S. Agram, and C. J. DiCaprio (2012), Multiscale InSAR time series (MInTS) analysis of surface deformation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B02404, doi:10.1029/2011JB008731.
37. Hsu, L., and R. Bü rgmann (2006), Surface creep along the Longitudinal Valley Fault, Taiwan from InSAR measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06312, doi:10.1029/2005GL024624.
38. Johnson, K. M. (2013), Slip rates and off-fault deformation in Southern California inferred from GPS data and models, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 114, 5643-5664, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50365.
39. Jolivet, R., R. Burgmann, and N. Houlie (2009), Geodetic exploration of the elastic properties across and within the northern San Andreas Fault zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 288, 126-131, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09. 014.
40. Jolivet, R., C. Lasserre, M.-P. Doin, S. Guillaso, G. Peltzer, R. Dailu, J. Sun, Z.-K. Shen, and X. Xu (2012), Shallow creep on the Haiyuan Fault (Gansu, China) revealed by SAR interferometry, J. Ge ophys. Res., 117, doi:10.1029/2011JB008732.
41. Jolivet, R., C. Lasserre, M.-P. Doin, G. Peltzer, J.-P. Avouac, J. Sun, and R. Dailu (2013), Spatio-temporal evolution of aseismic slip along the Haiyuan F ault, China: Implications for fault frictional properties, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 377-378, 23-33, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.020.
42. Kaneko, Y., and Y. Fialko (2011), Shallow slip deficit due to large strike-slip earthquakes in dynamic rupture simulations with elasto-plastic off-fault response, Geophys. J. Int., 186, 1389-1403, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05117.x.
43. Kaneko, Y., Y. Fialko, D. T. Sandwell, X. Tong, and M. Furuya (2013), Interseismic deformation and creep along the central section of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): InSAR observations and implications for rate-And-state fric tion properties, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 316-331, doi:10.1029/2012JB009661.
44. Lapusta, N., J. Rice, Y. Ben-Zion, and G. Zheng (2000), Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with rate-And state-dependent friction, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23,765-23,789, doi:10.1029/2000JB900250.
45. Lewis, M. A., Z. Peng, Y. Ben-Zion, and F. L. Vernon (2005), Shallow seismic trapping structure in the San Jacinto Fault zone near Anza, California, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 867-881, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02684.x.
46. Lindsey, E. O., and Y. Fialko (2013), Geodetic slip rates in the southern San Andreas Fault system: Effects of elastic heterogeneity and fault geometry, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 689-697, doi:10.1029/2012JB009358.
47. Lindsey, E. O., V. J. Sahakian, Y. Fialko, Y. Bock, S. Barbot, and T. K. Rockwell (2013), Interseismic strain localization in the San Jacinto fault zone, Pure Appl. Geophys., 1-18, doi:10.1007/s00024-013-0753-z.
48. Lockner, D. A., J. Byerlee, V. Kuksenko, A. Ponomarev, and A. Sidorin (1992), Observations of quasistatic fault growth from acoustic emissions, in Fault Mechanics and Tran sport Properties of Rocks, edited by B. Evans and T. Wong, pp. 3-31, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
49. Louie, J. N., C. R. Allen, D. C. Johnson, P. C. Haase, and S. N. Cohn (1985), Fault slip in Southern California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75(3), 811-833.
50. Lundgren, P. E., A. Hetland, Z. Liu, and E. J. Fielding (2009), Southern San Andreas-San Jacinto Fault system slip rates estimated from earthquake c ycle models constrained by GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B02403, doi:10.1029/2008JB005996.
51. Lyons, S., and D. Sandwell (2003), Fault creep along the southe rn San Andreas from interferometric synthetic aperture radar, permanent scatterers, and stacking, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2047, doi:10.1029/2002JB001831.
52. Lyons S. N.,Y. Bock,D. T. Sandwell 2002 Creep along the Imperial Fault, Southern California, from GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res. 107(B10 2249, 10.1029/2001JB000763.
53. Manzo, M., Y. Fialko, F. Casu, A. Pepe, and R. Lanari ( 2011), A quantitative assessment of DInSAR measurements of interseismic deformation: The Southern San Andreas Fault case study, Pure Appl. Geophys., 166, 1425-1459, doi:10.1007/s00024-011-0403-2.
54. Marone, C., and C. H. S cholz (1988), The depth of seismic faulting and the upper transition from stable to unstable slip regimes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 621-624, doi:10.1029/GL015i006p00621.
55. Marone, C., C. Scholz, and R. B ilham (1991), On the mechanics of earthquake afterslip, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8441-8452, doi:10.1029/91JB00275.
56. McNabb, J. C., and R. J. Dorsey (2012), Stratigraphic record of vertical crustal motions in the past 2-3 ma along the southern San Andreas fault, Mecca Hills, California, Abstract T51B-2582 paper presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Cali f.
57. Melin, S. (1986), When does a crack grow under mode II conditions, Int. J. Fract., 30, 103-114, doi:10.1007/BF00034020.
58. Neal, R. M. (2003), Slice sampling, Ann. Stat., 31, 705-767, doi:10.1214/aos/1056562461.
59. Oskin, M., L. Perg, D. Blumentritt, S. Mukhopadhyay, and A. Iriondo (2007), Slip rate of the Calico Fault: Implications for geologic versus geodetic rate discrepancy in the Eastern California Shear Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03402, doi:10.1029/2006JB004451.
60. Peltzer, G., F. Crampe, S. Hensley, and P. Rosen (2001), Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction in the Eastern California shear zone, Geology, 29, 975-978.
61. Petit, J.-P., and M. Barquins (1988), Can natural faults propagate under mode II conditions?, Tectonics, 7(6), 1243-1256, doi:10.1029/TC007i006p01243.
62. Rice, J. R., and A. L. Ruina (1983), Stability of steady frictional slipping, J. Appl. Mech., 50, 343-349, doi:10.1115/1.3167042.
63. Rockwell, T. K., S. Lindvall, T. Dawson, R. Langridge, W. Lettis, and Y. Klinger (2002), Lateral offsets on surveyed cultural features resulting from the 1999 Izmit and Dü ce earthquakes, Turkey, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92(1), 79-94, doi:10.1785/0120000809.
64. Ruina, A. (1983), Slip instability and state variable friction laws, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,359-10,370, doi:10.1029/JB088iB12p10359.
65. Rymer, M. (2000), Trigger ed surface slips in the Coachella Valley area associated with the 1992 Joshua Tree and Landers, California, earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 90, 832-848, doi:10.1785/0119980130.
66. Rymer, M. J., J. Boatwright, L. C. Seekins, J. D. Yule, and J. Liu (2002), Triggered surface slips in the Salton Trough associated with the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 1300-1317, doi:10.1785/0120000935.
67. Sandwell, D. T., R. Mellors, X. Tong, M. Wei, and P. Wessel (2011), Open radar interferometry software for mapping surface deformation, Eos Trans. AGU, 92(28), 234, doi:10.1029/2011EO280002.
68. Savage, J., and M. Lisowski (1993), Inferred depth of creep on the Hayward Fault, Central California, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 787-793, doi:10.1029/92JB01871.
69. Scholz, C. H. (1998), Earthquakes an d friction laws, Nature, 391, 37-42, doi:10.1038/34097.
70. Shelef, E., and M. Oskin (2010), Deformation processes adjacent to active faults: Examples from Eastern California, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B05308, doi:10.1029/2009JB006289.
71. Shen, Z. K., R. W. King, D. C. Agnew, M. Wang, T. A. Herring, D. Dong, and P. Fang (2011), A unified analysis of crustal motion in Southern California, 1970-2004: The SCEC crustal motion map, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B11402, doi:10.1029/2011JB008549.
72. Shirzaei, M., and R. Bü rgmann (2013), Time-dependent model of creep on the Hayward Fault from joint inversion of 18 years of InSAR and surface creep data, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 1733-1746, doi:10.1002/jgrb.5014 9.
73. Shirzaei M.,T. R. Walter 2011 Estimating the effect of satellite orbital error using wavelet-based robust regression applied to InSAR deformation data IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 49 11 460 0-4605 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2143419.
74. Sieh, K., and P. Williams (1990), Behavior of the southernmost San Andreas fault during the past 300 years, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6629-6645, doi:10.1029/JB095iB05p06629.
75. Sieh, K. E. (1982), Slip along the San Andreas Fault associated with the earthquake, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1254, 155-159.
76. Spudich, P., and K. Olsen (2001), Fault zone am plified waves as a possible seismic hazard along the Calaveras Fault in Central California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2533-2536, doi:10.1029/2000GL011902.
77. Stirling, M. W., S. G. Wesnousky, and K. Shimazaki ( 1996), Fault trace complexity, cumulative slip, and the shape of the magnitude-frequency distribution for strike-slip faults: A global survey, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 833-868, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05641.x.
78. Sylvester, A. (1988), Strike-slip faults, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1666-1703, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1988)1002.3.CO;2.
79. Sylvester, A., R. Bilham, M. Jackson, and S. Barrientos (1993), Aseismic growth of Durmid Hill: Southeasternmost San Andreas Fault, California, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,233-14,243, doi:10.1029/93JB01028.
80. Tarantola, A. (2005), Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation, Soc. for Ind. Appl. Math., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
81. Titus, S. J., C. DeMets, and B. Tikoff (2005), New slip rate estimates for the creeping segment of the San Andreas Fault, California, Geology, 33, 205-208, doi:10.1130/G21107.1.
82. Titus, S. J., M. Dyson, C. DeMets, B. Tikoff, F. Rolandone, and R. Bürgmann (2011), Geologic versus geodetic deformation adjacent to the San Andreas Fault, Central California, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123(5 -6), 794-820, doi:10.1130/B30150.1.
83. Tong, X., D. T. Sandwell, and B. Smith-Konter (2013), High-resolution interseismic velocity data along the San Andreas Fault from GPS and InSAR, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 369-389, doi:10.1029/2012JB009442.
84. Tse, S. T., and J. R. Rice (1986), Crustal earthquake instability in relation to the depth variation of frictional slip properties, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9452-9472, doi:10.1029/JB091iB09p09452.
85. van der Woerd, J., Y. Klinger, K. Sieh, P. Tapponnier, F. Ryerson, and A. Meriaux (2006), Long-term slip rate of the southern San Andreas Fault from 10Be-26Al surface exposure dating of an offset alluvial fan, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B04407, doi:10.1029/2004JB003559.
86. Wang, Y. (2013), Earthquake geology of Myanmar, PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
87. Wechsler, N., T. K. Rockwell, and Y. Ben-Zion (2009), Appl ication of high resolution DEM data to detect rock damage from geomorphic signals along the central San Jacinto Fault, Geomorphology, 113, 82-96, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.06.007.
88. Wei, M., D. Sandwell, and Y. Fialko (2009), A silent M4.8 slip event of October 3-6, 2006, on the Superstition Hills fault, Southern California, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B07402, doi:10.1029/2008JB006135.
89. Wei, M., D. Sandwell, Y. Fialko, and R. Bilham (2011), Slip on faults in the Imperial Valley triggered by the 4 April 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake revealed by InSAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01308, doi:10.1029/2010GL045235.
90. Wei, M., Y. Kaneko, Y. Liu, and J. J. McGuire (2013), Episodic fault creep events in California controlled by shallow frictional heterogeneity, Nat. Geosci., 6, 566-570, doi:10.1038/ngeo1835.
91. Wesnousky, S. (1988), Seismological and structural evolution of strike-slip faults, Nature, 335, 340-342, doi:10.1038/335340a0.
92. Wessel, P., W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. F. Luis, and F. Wobbe (2013), Generic mapping tools: Improved version released, Eos Trans. AGU, 94, 409-410, doi:10.1002/2013EO450001.